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1. Air PollutionAir Pollution
BY :-
AASHVIK B.
GRADE – 6
ROLL NO :-
02

2. CLASSICAL AIR POLLUTANTS
Nitrogen dioxide
Ozone and other photochemical oxidants
Particulate matter
Sulfur dioxide

3. What is air pollution?What is air pollution?
 contamination of thecontamination of the
air by noxious gasesair by noxious gases
and minute particlesand minute particles
of solid and liquidof solid and liquid
matter (particulates)matter (particulates)
in concentrations thatin concentrations that
endanger healthendanger health
 Air pollution onlyAir pollution only
occurs outdoorsoccurs outdoors

4. Sources of Outside Air PollutionSources of Outside Air Pollution
 Combustion of gasoline andCombustion of gasoline and
other hydrocarbon fuels inother hydrocarbon fuels in
cars, trucks, and airplanescars, trucks, and airplanes
 Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal,Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal,
and dinosaur bones)and dinosaur bones)
 InsecticidesInsecticides
 HerbicidesHerbicides
 Everyday radioactive falloutsEveryday radioactive fallouts
 Dust from fertilizersDust from fertilizers
 Mining operationsMining operations
 Livestock feedlotsLivestock feedlots

5.  A major form of air pollution is emissionsA major form of air pollution is emissions
given off by vehicles.given off by vehicles.
 The number of cars in EU has doubledThe number of cars in EU has doubled
between 1970 and 1994 –between 1970 and 1994 – 3% per year3% per year

6. What’s in smogWhat’s in smog
 particulatesparticulates
(especially lead)(especially lead)
 nitrous oxidesnitrous oxides
 potassiumpotassium
 Carbon monoxideCarbon monoxide
 Other toxic chemicalsOther toxic chemicals

7. Sources of Indoor pollutionSources of Indoor pollution
 Efficient insulationEfficient insulation
 BacteriaBacteria
 Molds and mildewsMolds and mildews
 VirusesViruses
 animal dander and cat salivaanimal dander and cat saliva
 plantsplants
 house dusthouse dust
 MitesMites
 CockroachesCockroaches
 pollenpollen

8. Effects on the environmentEffects on the environment
 Acid rainAcid rain
 Ozone depletionOzone depletion
 Global warmingGlobal warming
 In human population-In human population-
respiratory problems,respiratory problems,
allergies, strengthensallergies, strengthens
lugs, and a risk forlugs, and a risk for
cancercancer

9. Acid rainAcid rain
 contains high levels of sulfuriccontains high levels of sulfuric
or nitric acidsor nitric acids
 contaminate drinking watercontaminate drinking water
and vegetationand vegetation
 damage aquatic lifedamage aquatic life
 erode buildingserode buildings
 Alters the chemical equilibriumAlters the chemical equilibrium
of some soilsof some soils

11. StrategiesStrategies
 Air Quality ManagementAir Quality Management
PlanPlan
 Development of newDevelopment of new
technology- electric cars,technology- electric cars,
cleaner fuels, lowcleaner fuels, low
nitrogen oxide boilersnitrogen oxide boilers
and water healers, zeroand water healers, zero
polluting paints, lesspolluting paints, less
polluting BBQ lighterpolluting BBQ lighter
fluidsfluids
 Use of natural gasUse of natural gas
 CarpoolingCarpooling
 Follow the laws enactedFollow the laws enacted

12. Urban EmissionsUrban Emissions
•There are small emissions of NOx from industrial
processes
•The main emissions are from combustion.
•There is negligible nitrogen in gasoline or diesel fuels so
the nitrogen oxides arise from the N2 and O2 in the air.
•Sulphur dioxides arise from the sulphur present in most
fuels.
•Particulate matter describes matter below 10μm
aerodynamic diameter.

13. Role of Engines and FuelRole of Engines and Fuel
 Different engines and fuel combinationsDifferent engines and fuel combinations
give out different emissions in differentgive out different emissions in different
quantities.quantities.
 Some engines have catalysts whichSome engines have catalysts which
effectively remove part of the harmfuleffectively remove part of the harmful
gases.gases.

14. Catalytic Converters andCatalytic Converters and
Particle TrapsParticle Traps
 Catalytic converters can be fitted to cars to reduce NOxCatalytic converters can be fitted to cars to reduce NOx
emissions.emissions.
CO + HC + NOxCO + HC + NOx HH22O + NO + N22 + CO+ CO22
Platinum HoneycombPlatinum Honeycomb
 Particle traps can be used to reduce PM10 and NOx, butParticle traps can be used to reduce PM10 and NOx, but
the effectiveness is severely reduced if the fuel thethe effectiveness is severely reduced if the fuel the
vehicle burns has a high sulphur content.vehicle burns has a high sulphur content.
 The major target in the battle for cleaner cities is diesel.The major target in the battle for cleaner cities is diesel.

15. STRATEGIESTRATEGIE
The Clean Air forThe Clean Air for EuropeEurope (CAFE) approach:(CAFE) approach:
 Based on scientific knowledgeBased on scientific knowledge
 Using best available, quality-controlled real-world dataUsing best available, quality-controlled real-world data
 With close involvement of stakeholders:With close involvement of stakeholders:
1.1. Project future emissions and air quality resulting fromProject future emissions and air quality resulting from
full implementation of current EU legislationfull implementation of current EU legislation
2.2. Explore scope and costs for further measuresExplore scope and costs for further measures
3.3. Analyze cost-effective policy scenariosAnalyze cost-effective policy scenarios
4.4. Estimate benefits of policy scenariosEstimate benefits of policy scenarios

16. Particulate Matter (PM ) PollutionParticulate Matter (PM ) Pollution
- Traffic emissions including diesel engines
- Small combustion sources burnng coal and wood
- Reductions of SO2, N0x, NH3 and VOC

17. Une pincée de NOx et quelques photons
pour faire un peu d’ozone
(λ < 430 nm)NO + ONO2 + hν
O + O2 O3O3
Mais pas trop de NOx ce qui détruit une
partie de l'ozone formé,
Ni trop de COV ce qui en produit de trop !
NO2 + O2
O3 + NO
RO2 + NO
La cuisine photochimique : mais c’est très simple !