Second Pillar of Islam

1. Re-Connecting with our CREATOR
How to focus in SALAT

2. Rakats of Salat
Salat Sunnah Fardh Sunnah Witr
FAJR 2 2
DHUHR 2 + 2 4 2
ASR 4
MAGHRIB 3 2
ISHA 4 2 1 or 3
TOTAL 6
17 6 3
https://islamqa.info/en/answers/45268/how-to-offer-the-daytime-four-rakah-prayers
https://islamqa.info/en/answers/46544/ways-of-offering-witr-prayer-that-are-narrated-in-the-reports

4. The Conditions for the Soundness of the Prayer
1. Being in a state of purity/Wudu (Al-Maidah:6)
“When the Muslim or believing slave does wudhu and washes his face, every wrong thing that he looked
at with his eyes comes out from his face with the water or with the last drop of water.
When he washes his hands, every wrong thing that he did with his hands comes out from his hands with
the water or with the last drop of water.
When he washes his feet every wrong thing that he walked to with his feet comes out from his feet with
the water or with the last drop of water, until he emerges cleansed of sin.” (Muslim)
“But if you are ill or on a journey or any of you comes from answering the call of nature, or you have been in contact with women you find
no water, then perform tayammum with clean earth and rub therewith your faces and hands...” (Qur'an 5: 6)
2. Purity of the clothes, body and place in which one prays
3. Covering of the 'awrah (that is, thc parts of the body that arc meant to be covered
4. Facing the Qiblah
5. Placing a sutra in the front between the person praying and the qiblah
The Pillars of wudu are six:
1. Washing the face, of which the mouth and nose are part.
2. Washing the arms up to the elbows.
3. Wiping the head.
4. Washing the feet up to the ankles.
5. Washing these parts of the body in the proper order.
6. Doing these actions consecutively (that is, washing one after the other,
with no lengthy lapse of time in between).
**Intention
**Bismillah

5. Actions of Salat are divided as :
1. Pillars/ Essential Parts/ Rukun / Arkans
• Salah is not valid without it.
• And it cannot be omitted deliberately, by mistake or out of ignorance
• If missed for any reason – that rakat needs to be repeated
• Perform Sujood Al-Sahw after salam.
2. Obligatory Acts/ Wajibat
• The obligatory part (waajib) may be omitted due to ignorance or
forgetfulness, and
• That rakat DOES NOT need to be repeated
• Rather it can be compensated by doing Sujood Al-Sahw before salam
3. Sunan (Recommended) Acts
• If missed, no action required
• If followed – reward increases

6. 1
Niyaat
&
Qiyaam
The Essential/ Pillars / ARKANs of Salat
2
Opening
Takbeer
3
Surah
Fátihah
4
Ruku 5
Standing
up
6
Sujood
7
Sitting
between
two
Sujoods
8
Sitting
During
Last
Tashahhud
10
Saying
Salaam
At The
End
11
Having
Calmness &
Stillness
During each
Posture
12
Maintaining
the order of
the Arkans
9
Tashahhud
& Durood
https://islamq
a.info/en/ans
wers/132081
/khushoo-
proper-focus-
and-humility-
in-prayer

7. The Obligatory Acts/ Wajibat of Salat
1. Takbeers (3) other than the Opening Takbeer
2. Saying “Subhanna Rabbiyal Adheem”
3. Saying “Sami-Allahu Liman Hamidah”
4. Saying “Rabbana Wal Lakal Hamd”
5. Saying “Subhanna Rabbiyal Ala”
6. Saying “Rabbig Firlee…”
7. Sitting for the 1st Tashahud
8. Saying the 1st Tashahud

9. Sujood As-Sahw
Two SUJOODs that we do when we
Forget and make a Mistake or we’re Unsure about something in it.
Rule of Thumb:
1. If anything is ADDED to the salat - two Sujood as-Sahw AFTER the salaam
2. If any Wajibat is MISSED in the salat - the two Sujood as-Sahw BEFORE the salaam.
A. ADDED TO THE SALAT (extra ruku, sujood, standing, sitting or rakat)
Ibn Mas’ood radhi Allaahu anhu said that the Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬ led them in praying Dhuhr and he
prayed five rak’ahs. When he had finished it was said to him: “Has something been added to the
prayer?” He said: “Why are you asking that?” They said: “You prayed five (rak’ahs).”
So he turned towards the qiblah and prostrated twice.” (Bukhaari, 4040; Muslim, 572)
B. MISSING A ‘RUKN’ (PILLAR)
Abu Hurayrah said that when the Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬ said the salaam after two rak’ahs in one of the two
afternoon prayers, either Zuhr or ‘Asr, and they told him about that, he (‫)ﷺ‬ did the rest of the
prayer, then he said the salaam, then he prostrated twice (the prostration of forgetfulness) after
saying the salaam. (Bukhaari, 482; Muslim, 573)
If one has omitted any of the RUKUNs/Pillars, then that particular rakat
is invalidated and that rakat should be made up. At the end of the salah
say salam, and then make 2 Sujood as-Sahws

10. Sujood As-Sahw
C. MISSING A ‘WAAJIB’ (or obligatory part)
• If you forget an OBLIGATORY part of the Salah and you’ve moved on to the
next part, then just continue with your Salah and you do the two Sujood as-
Sahw BEFORE the salaam.
Practical Example:
Once you’ve realized you’ve missed a waajib of Salah and moved on, then continue with your Salah
until you’ve reached the tashahhud. Read the tashahhud, send peace and salutations on the Prophet
sal Allaahu Alayhi wa sallam and make any duaas like you usually would in your Salah. Then just
before you would say the salaams, do NOT say the salaams. Instead you say Allaahu Akbar, go into
the first sajdah of Sahw, say Subhaana Rabbi al-A’alaa three times (like you usually say in your
Salah), sit up and say ‘Rabbighfir lee’ three times (like you usually say in between the two sujood of
Salah), then go down for the second sajdah and say ‘Subhaana Rabbi al-A’alaa’ three times (like you
usually say in your Salah), then sit up and say salaam to the right and the left. And you’re done.
There’s NO need to repeat the tashahhud.
https://islamqa.info/en/answers/12527/reasons-for-doing-the-prostration-of-forgetfulness

11. How to attain Khushu in Salat
Khushu in Salah means to be intellectually, emotionally and spiritually involved in
prayer - so physically one feels humbled and overwhelmed, that the body exhibits
the signs. It means calmness, serenity, tranquility, dignity and humility.
Two things help us to develop Khushu:
1. A Strong Desire to do What Is Obligatory
• Increase in Knowledge of the Deen and the Study of the Qur’an
• Increase in Practice of daily Sunnahs
2. Weakness of Distractions
• Leaving Sins and Haram
• Decrease in vain and unnecessary indulgences
“The angels (who go round with mercy, blessings and prayers for forgiveness)
DO NOT
enter a house in which there is an image.”
Al-Bukhari (3226) and Muslim (2106)

13. Practical Tips for Khushu
1. Repeating the words of the adhaan & Dua
2. Using miswak to cleanse the mouth that is going to recite Qur’aan
3. Doing wudu properly, saying Bismillaah before it and saying Shahadah after it
4. Wearing one’s best and cleanest clothes, “O Children of Adam! Take your
adornment (by wearing your clean clothes) while praying…” [al-A’raaf 7:31]
5. We should also prepare ourselves by covering our ‘awrah properly
6. Sit down peacefully in a quiet place and recall Allah’s blessings on you - health,
children, education, rizq, being a Muslim, better than millions, you being safe
7. Sit down and picture your death. Try imagining what will follow after your death.
8. Say Astaghfirullah very sincerely from the very bottom of the heart for a while
9. Contemplate about the greatness of WHOM you are standing before

15. Abu’l-‘Aas (may Allaah be pleased with
him) reported that he said,
“O Messenger of Allaah, the
Shaytaan interrupts me when I pray,
and I get confused in my recitation.”
The Messenger of Allaah (‫)ﷺ‬ said,
“That is a shaytaan whose name is
Khanzab. If you sense his
presence, seek refuge with Allaah
from him, and spit [dry spitting]
towards your left three times.”
[Abu’l-‘Aas] said: “I did that and
Allaah took him away from me.”
(Reported by Muslim, no. 2203)

16. "Allah is greater than_____";
2
Opening
Takbeer
ARKAN
The Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬ used to pray naafil prayers (sitting) on a saddle, but
when he wanted to pray a fard prayer, he would get down off his
saddle (al-Bukhaari, 955; Muslim, 700), so that he could fulfil the
essential conditions of the prayer, i.e., standing and facing the qiblah.

17. Sunan

18. Sunan
Shaitan will go away from the person, it is a heavenly weapon against Shaitan
Everything Allah does -whether we understand it or not- has beauty in it.
When we say “In the name of Allah”, we are actually invoking by all the
beautiful names, the uniqueness of Allah and the beauty of all of HIS divine
qualities, we are actually asking Allah’s help, support, blessings and
protection from the temptation of Satan.

19. ARKAN
3
Surah
Fátihah
It’s a very beautiful
Dua!

20. 3
Surah
Fátihah
ARKAN
It’s a Conversation with Allah
(SWT)!

21. ARKAN
Al-‘Aẓīm comes from the same root as the word ‘aẓum (pl: ‘iẓām), meaning
bones. The root of the word means: strength, firmness, stability.
4
Ruku
SINS
SINS

22. Scientific study done in Biomedical Engineering Department of University Malaya:
• Ruku slows the aging process;
• Improve water balance in the body and smooth the function of the kidneys.
• The movement of the right bow can prevent, treat and rehabilitate back pain.
• Ruku’ can also reduce the risk of nerve compression thus promoting flexibility of the spine.

23. ARKAN5
Standing up
“May Allāh accept from the one who praises Him.” This is a du‘ā’.
We are making du‘ā’ for Allāh to accept and reward the person who praises Him.
Allah is greater – Re-Focus
Then Recite: Hamdan Katheeran Tayyiban
Mubaarakan Feeh
‘Our Lord, all praise is due only to You,
praise which is abundant, excellent and
blessed.’ ‘I saw some 30 angels all scuffling to see
which one of them could record it.’[Muslim]

24. ARKAN6
Sujood
We say this in the
lowest position of the
prayer. The face is our
identity and dignity.
There is nothing lower
than putting your face
on the ground, but we
do it willingly and say
that Allāh is the highest
while we are in this
position.
SINS
“The closest that
anyone may be
to his Lord is
when he is
prostrating, so
say a lot of
du’aa’ at that
time.” (Muslim)

25. Biomedical Engineering Department of University Malaya:
With Sujud Heart rate gets low, and reduces the blood pressure.
Electrostatic charges from the atmosphere. These charges are
precipitated on the central nervous systems (CNS) which
becomes supersaturated. One has to get rid of these extra
charges, otherwise, there is the possibility of headaches, neck
aches, muscle spasms, etc. Through Sujud these extra
electrostatic charges are dissipated & discharged from the body.Sujud = Qur'an 92 times in 22 different
forms and in 32 different Surahs.

26. ARKAN7
Sitting between two Sujoods
O Allah, forgive me, have mercy upon me, guide me, give me
health, raise my rank, enrich me, and grant me sustenance.
Allah is greater – Re-Focus
Allah is greater – Re-Focus

27. 1st Tashahud Wajibat

28. 2nd Tashahud ARKAN
8
Sitting
During
Last
Tashahhud

29. ARKAN9
Tashahhud
& Durood
All compliments, prayers and pure words are due to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of
Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us, and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has
the right to be worshipped except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger
While making DUA, you
should point your
INDEX FINGER in the
direction of the qiblah
and intend when
pointing to affirm the
Oneness of Allaah and
exclusive devotion to
Him. Muslim, 5/81

30. ARKAN9
Tashahhud
& Durood
ِّ‫ل‬‫آ‬ ‫َلـى‬‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ،‫ـد‬َّ‫م‬‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ ‫َلـى‬‫ع‬ ِّّ‫ل‬َ‫ص‬ َّ‫م‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ه‬ّ‫ل‬‫ال‬‫مـا‬َ‫ك‬ ،‫د‬َّ‫م‬‫ح‬ُ‫م‬
‫ر‬ْ‫ب‬‫إ‬ ِّ‫ل‬‫آ‬ ‫َلـى‬‫ع‬َ‫و‬ َ‫م‬‫راهـي‬ْ‫ب‬‫َلـىإ‬‫ع‬ َ‫يـت‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ِّ‫إ‬ ،‫اهـيم‬
َّ‫م‬‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ ‫َلـى‬‫ع‬ ْ‫ك‬ ِّ‫بار‬ َّ‫م‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ه‬ّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ، ‫جـيد‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫د‬‫مـي‬َ‫ح‬‫َلـى‬‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ،‫ـد‬
َ‫و‬ َ‫م‬‫راهـي‬ْ‫ب‬‫َلـىإ‬‫ع‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬ ِّ‫بار‬ ‫مـا‬َ‫ك‬ ،‫ـد‬َّ‫م‬‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ ِّ‫ل‬‫آ‬ِّ‫ل‬‫آ‬ ‫َلـى‬‫ع‬
‫جـيد‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫د‬‫مـي‬َ‫ح‬ َ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ِّ‫إ‬ ،‫راهيم‬ْ‫ب‬‫إ‬
O Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad and the followers of Muhammad,
just as You sent prayers upon Ibraheem and upon the followers of
Ibraheem. Verily, You are full of praise and majesty. O Allah, send
blessings upon Mohammad and upon the family of Muhammad, just as You
sent blessings upon Ibraheem and upon the family of Ibraheem. Verily, You
are full of praise and majesty.’ send prayers: praise and exalt him in the
highest and superior of gatherings: that of the closest angels to Allah. (al)
has been translated in it’s broadest sense: some scholars are of the view
that the meaning here is more specific and that it means: his (saw)
followers from among his family.
Ahzaab 33:56
explains the
importance of
sending
salam to
Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬

31. Sunan
DUA Time
ْ‫ب‬‫ـ‬َ‫ق‬‫ال‬ ِّ‫ب‬‫َذا‬‫ع‬ ْ‫ـن‬ِّ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬ِّ‫ب‬ ُ‫ذ‬‫عـو‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ـي‬ِّّ‫ن‬ِّ‫إ‬ َّ‫م‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ه‬ّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ِّ‫ب‬‫َذا‬‫ع‬ ْ‫ـن‬ِّ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ،‫ر‬
َ‫و‬ ،‫مـات‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ‫ـيا‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ِّ‫ة‬َ‫ن‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ت‬ِّ‫ف‬ ْ‫ـن‬ِّ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ،‫م‬َّ‫ن‬‫ـ‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ج‬ِّ‫ة‬َ‫ن‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ت‬ِّ‫ف‬ ِّّ‫َـر‬‫ش‬ ْ‫ـن‬ِّ‫م‬
‫ال‬ّ‫ج‬َّ‫د‬‫ال‬ ِّ‫سيح‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬
O Allah, I take refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, from the
torment of the Fire, from the trials and tribulations of life and death and
from the evil affliction of Al-Maseeh Ad-Dajjal. (Saheeh Muslim, 588)
‫َث‬‫ك‬ ً‫ا‬‫مـ‬ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ظ‬ ‫سـي‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ن‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ـم‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ظ‬ ‫ـي‬ِّّ‫ن‬ِّ‫إ‬ َّ‫م‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ه‬ّ‫ل‬‫ال‬َ‫نـوب‬ُّ‫ذ‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ر‬ِّ‫ف‬‫ـ‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ً‫ا‬‫ـير‬
ِّ‫د‬‫ـ‬ْ‫ن‬ِّ‫ع‬ ْ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ً‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِّ‫ف‬‫ـ‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫م‬ ‫لي‬ ‫ر‬ِّ‫ف‬‫ـ‬ْ‫غ‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ، ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ّ‫ال‬ِّ‫إ‬َ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ِّ‫إ‬ ،‫ـني‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ار‬َ‫و‬ ‫ك‬
‫حـيم‬َّ‫الر‬ ُ‫ـفور‬َ‫غ‬‫ال‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬
O Allah, I have indeed oppressed my soul excessively and none can
forgive sin except You, so forgive me a forgiveness from Yourself and have
mercy upon me. Surely, You are The Most-Forgiving, The Most-Merciful.
From Yourself: i.e. from Your innermost grace without deserving it and a
forgiveness which is befitting to your tremendous generosity.
(al-Bukhaari, 790)
“Let him ask for
whatever good
things he wishes.”
(Al-Bukhaari, 5876;
Muslim, 402)
And this is one of the
places where duaa is
more likely to be
accepted.

32. 10
Saying Salaam
At The End
ARKAN
• “The key to prayer is purification,
• Its start is the takbeer (saying allahu akbar)
• Its exit is the tasleem (saying the salaam).”
• To exit the prayer
• To send salaams upon
the recording angels
• To send salaams upon
his fellow-worshippers.

33. (None has the right to be worshipped except Allah, alone, without partner, to Him belongs
all sovereignty and praise and He is over all things omnipotent)
Astaghfirullah (3 times)
ُ‫ه‬َ‫ّلل‬‫ٱ‬ُ‫ا‬ َ‫ل‬َُ‫ه‬ََٰ‫ل‬
ِ
‫إ‬َُ‫ل‬
ِ
‫إ‬َُ‫هو‬‫ه‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫ح‬ۡ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ُۡ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬ُ‫ه‬‫م‬‫و‬‫ي‬َ‫ق‬
ُ‫ۥُس‬‫ه‬‫ه‬‫ه‬‫هذ‬‫خ‬ۡ‫َأ‬‫ت‬ُ َ‫ل‬ُۡ‫َو‬‫ن‬ُ َ‫ل‬َ‫ُو‬
ٞ
‫ة‬َ‫ن‬ُٞ‫م‬
ُ‫ت‬ََٰ‫و‬ََٰ‫م‬ َ‫لس‬‫ُٱ‬‫اُِف‬َ‫م‬ُ‫هۥ‬َ‫َّل‬ُِۗۡۡ‫ر‬ ۡۡ‫ُٱ‬‫اُِف‬َ‫م‬َ‫ُو‬
ُ‫ه‬‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ ۡ‫ش‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫ي‬ َ‫َّل‬‫إُٱ‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ُ
ِ
‫ُب‬ َ‫ل‬
ِ
‫ُإ‬‫ا‬‫ۥ‬‫ه‬‫ه‬َ‫ند‬‫ع‬ُ‫ه‬‫ن‬ۡ‫ذ‬
َُ ۡ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫َل‬ۡ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬َُ‫م‬َ‫ُو‬ۡ‫م‬‫هي‬‫د‬ۡ‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ٱ‬ُۡ‫هم‬‫ه‬َ‫ف‬ۡ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫ا‬
ُ‫ُم‬ٖ‫ء‬ ۡ َ‫َش‬‫ُب‬َ‫ون‬‫ه‬‫يط‬ ‫ه‬‫ُُي‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ُب‬ َ‫ل‬
ِ
‫ُإ‬‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫م‬ۡ‫ل‬ُِۡ‫ن‬َُ‫ء‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ََُ‫ا‬َ‫م‬
َُ‫لس‬‫هُٱ‬‫ه‬‫ي‬‫س‬ۡ‫ر‬‫ه‬‫ك‬َُ‫ع‬‫س‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ ۡۡ‫ٱ‬َ‫ُو‬‫ت‬ََٰ‫و‬ََٰ‫م‬ُ َِۗۡۡ
ُ‫ه‬‫ه‬‫ه‬‫د‬‫و‬َُٔ‫ي‬ُ َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬َُ‫م‬‫ه‬‫ه‬ ‫ه‬‫ظ‬ۡ‫ف‬‫ۥُح‬ُ‫ا‬
ُ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ۡ‫ل‬‫ُٱ‬َ‫هو‬‫ه‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬‫م‬‫ظ‬َ‫ع‬ۡ‫ل‬‫ُٱ‬
The Prophet )‫ﷺ‬( offered most of the du’aa’s that are connected to the prayer
during the prayer, and he commanded us to offer them during it. This befits the
state of the one who is praying, for he is facing his Lord and conversing with Him
so long as he is praying. When he says the salaam that conversation comes to a
close and he is no longer standing before Him and close to Him. So why should
he not ask of Him whilst he is conversing with Him and close to Him and turning
to Him? When saying du‘aa’ after the obligatory prayer it is not Sunnah to raise
the hands. Rather that is an innovation, because it was not narrated from the
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬( ) or from his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them).

34. Witr Prayer
Witr prayer is one of the greatest acts of worship
that draw one closer to Allaah.
It was proven that the Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬ prayed Witr in different ways. He prayed one
rak’ah, and three, and five, and seven, and nine. And he prayed three rak’ahs in two
different ways, either continuously with one tashahhud, or saying salaam after two
rak’ahs and praying one rak’ah and saying salaam after it. He did not pray it like
Maghrib, with two tashahhuds and one salaam. Rather he forbade doing that, and
said: “Do not pray Witr with three rak’ahs like Maghrib.” (al-Bukhaari and Muslim).
If prayed 3 rakats, according to Sunnah :
First rak’ah - recite Surah Al-‘A’la, 87).
Second rak’ah - recite Surah Al-Kaafiroon (109).
Third rak’ah - Surah Al-Ikhlaas (112).
If a person prays Witr with three, it may be done in one of two ways, both of
which are prescribed according to Sunnah:
1 – Praying the three rak'ahs continually with one tashahhud.
2 – Saying salaam after two rak’ahs, then praying one rak’ah on its own.

35. Under What Circumstances Prayers Can Be COMBINED
“Verily, the prayer is enjoined on the believers at fixed hours.” (Surah an-Nisaa:103)
“Putting prayers together without any excuse is a major sin.” [Ibn Abi Shaybah (2/346)]
• During travel – Prayers are combined &
shortened (2 rakat each)
• During RAIN or severe weather or SICKNESS or
ANY HARDSHIP that makes it difficult to pray
each prayer on its own time – Prayers are
combined but FULL prayer (4 rakats) needs to be
offered.

36. Salat during Travel
Salat Sunnah Fardh Sunnah Witr
FAJR 2 2
DHUHR 2
ASR 2
MAGHRIB 3
ISHA 2 1 or 3
TOTAL 2
11 3

37. Any Questions??
Majority answers can be found here:
https://islamqa.info/en/about-us
https://www.amjaonline.org/fatwa/en/