marginalization population

1. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL WORK
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK
COURSE
BACHELOR DEGREE OF SOCIAL WORK.
KAKULU, YOHANA P
BSW/T.2019/198
SOCIAL WORK And MARGINALIZED POPULATION
SWU 08211
MODULE FACILITATOR
HAULE RICHRD R.
QUESTIONS.

2. As our module which focuses on social work and marginalized population It may be argued that
the history of social work can be traced back centuries to the organized efforts (often motivated
by religious or humanitarian ideals) within society to assist those marginalized by the cultural,
economic, and social factors imposed by society. In response to the social, economic, and
cultural dislocations of the late 19th century and offering an alternative approach to Social
Darwinism, social work was formally organized as a profession in the early 20th century.
Therefore social work can be defined as is a practice-based profession and an academic
discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment
and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and
respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social
sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledge, social work engages people and structures to
address life challenges and enhance wellbeing. The above definition may be amplified at national
and/or regional levels’’ IFSW, (2014).
Social work is professional activity focusing on helping client to address their own problems
through giving them capacity to utilize resources available in the community and promoting their
wellbeing, changing perception in socio economic as well as political development to know their
right in that aspect and being able to protect them.
Also social work deal with different level in addressing problem of the client these level are
micro level where social worker deal with individual, family , and small group directly, Mezzo
practice or level social worker at these level deal with group and macro level social deal with the
community and work with the client indirect through using legal framework in addressing client
issues.
The nature of Marginalization is a multidimensional (involves many aspect), multicausal,
historical phenomenon. There are no general laws to understand and comprehend the complex
nature of marginalization. The analytical tools that can be used in most cases include class, in

3. relation to specific social, cultural, economic and political conditions, as well as ideological
systems, social awareness, and human action. The nature of marginalization varies in different
settings. For example, the marginalization of women in Tanzania is not the same as in Libya.
The religious, ideological system, patriarchy, political economy of a country, and the overall
social system have an impact on the marginalization of specific groups or an individual.
Therefore marginalization can be defined as marginalization' tendencies of human societies,
where people who they perceive to undesirables, or without useful function are excluded or
marginalized. The people who are marginalized are outside the existing system of protection and
integration. This limits their opportunities and means for survival, group that experiences are
women, elder, children, people with disability, (Marlsoob (ed.) (2002).
Also from the definition above there are main three main types of marginalization which include
Social Marginalization, Economic Marginalization, Political Marginalization where by each type
varies from one society to another.
Political marginalization refer to the tendency of not allow the group to participate
democratically in decision making, and, hence, they lose their right to every social, economic,
and political benefit. Political empowerment is one of the most important tools for accessing
other social and economic privilege for example left wing ruling political part and right wing
political parts in Tanzania are marginalization in nature.
Economic marginalization as a process relates to economic structures, in particular, to the
structure of markets and their integration. To the extent in the markets that some individuals or
groups engage in are segmented from the others in general, these individuals can be said to be
marginalized from the rest of the economy, exclusion may, however, have non-economic and
non-financial origins, for example in discrimination by gender or ethnicity. Here, integration
takes on a broader meaning. People who are experiencing marginalization are likely to have
tenuous involvement in the economy. The sources of their income will vary. These experiences
affect men and women differently and vary with age. For example women in many tribe in
Tanzania are excluded in own family property after their husband pass away traditional they
suffer, so social work intervention is needed to address this issue, (Kanbur, 2007).

4. Social Marginalization: people who are socially marginalized are largely deprived of social
opportunities. They may become stigrnatised and are often at the receiving end of negative
public attitudes. Their opportunities to make social contributions may be limited and they may
develop low self-confidence and self-esteem for example elder, children, and people with
disability are socially excluded in many societies, ( Nomani, 2002).
Also there are causes of marginalization just mention globalization, displacement and there level
of marginalizing which are individual level, community level as well as global level,(ibid)
Marginalized populations are groups and communities that experience discrimination and
exclusion (social, political and economic) because of unequal power relationships across
economic, political, social and cultural dimensions, (Altanbulag, 2015),
Many scholars in social sciences discussed marginalized population in terms of groups and other
in terms of types of population but in this discussion focuses on marginalized group which
include Elderly/aging population, Disabilities population, Ethnic Minority population,
Elderly/aging population: Ageing is an inevitable and inexorable process in life. A notable aspect
of the global ageing process is the progressive demographic ageing of the older population itself.
For most nations, regardless of their geographic location or developmental stage, this group
facing exclusion in making decision in all aspect of life.
Disabilities population, people with disabilities have had to battle against centuries of biased
assumptions, harmful stereotypes, and irrational fears. The stigmatization of disability resulted in
the social and economic marginalization of generations with disabilities, and, like many other
oppressed minorities, this has left people with disabilities in a severe state of impoverishment for
centuries. For example in political part in African society tis group are marginalized,
Ethnic Minority population or group the term, ethnic minority, refers to marginalized people of
the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture. A minority is a sociological group
that does not constitute a politically dominant voting majority of the total population of a given
society. A sociological minority is not necessarily a numerical minority. It may include any
group that is subnormal with respect to a dominant group, in terms of social status, education,

5. employment, wealth, and political power. Usually a minority group has the following
characteristics It suffers fiom discrimination and subordination, They have physical and/or
cultural traits that set them apart, and which are disapproved of, by a dominant group, They share
a sense of collective identity and common burdens, (Murshed, (ed.) (2002).
In generally social work and marginalized population enable us to acquire knowledge and skills
to ensure marginalized population insuring social inclusion of marginalized population through
changing policies that undermine their right, challenging social injustice that may result to social
exclusion,

6. References
Altanbulag,Jia Shuang,(2015), On the “Marginalized Groups”. Journal of Financial and
Economic Theory,6,1-11
Kanbur, Ravi. (2007), Conceptualizing Economic Marginalization, (Key-notes for the Living at
the Margins Conference Cape Town, March 26, 2007), www.people.cornell.edu/pages
Nomani, Farhad and Sohrab Behdad (2002), The Nature of Marginalization of Women b Work
Force in the Post-Revolutionary Iran, paper presented at Middle East Economic Association,
New Orleans, 5-7 January 200 1.
Murshed. Marlsoob (ed.) (2002), Globalization, Marginalization, and Development, London,
New York: Routledge.

7. Vulnerable people with disability:
People with disabilities have had to battle against centuries of biased assumptions, harmful
stereotypes and irrational fears. The stigmatization of disability resulted in the social and
economic marginalization of generations with disabilities, and, like many other oppressed
minorities, this has left people with disabilities in a severe state of impoverishment for centuries.
For example people albinism faces the challenges of exclusion because of their nature.
Vulnerable Women
Under different economic condition, and under the influence of specific historical, cultural, legal
and religious factors, marginalization is one of the manifestations of I In other words, women
may be excluded from certain jobs and occupations, incorporated into certain others, and
marginalized in others. In general they are always marginalized relative to men, in every country
and culture. Women (or, men) don't present a homogeneous category where members have
common interests, abilities, or practices. Women belonging to lower classes, lower castes,
illiterate, and the poorest region have different levels of Marginalization than their better
counterpart.
Vulnerable elderly people
Is an inevitable process in life. A notable aspect of the global ageing process is the progressive
demographic ageing of the older population itself. For most nations, regardless of their
geographic location or developmental stage, the 80 year olds, or over-age group is growing faster
than any younger segment of the older population. This group faces social exclusion in the
society for example……………………………….|
Vulnerable children
50.1% of all people in Tanzania Mainland are children (National Bureau of Statistics, 2014).
Children who are considered to be most vulnerable are estimated to be 6.6 million, nearly a half
of them living with and affected by HIV (MEASURE Evaluation, 2017)
Vulnerable people living with long illness: