(1) Corona viruses are large group of viruses that cause illness in humans and animals. Rarely, animal corona viruses can infect people and spread between them, as seen with MERS, SARS, and novel COVID-19. (2) COVID-19 was announced by the WHO on February 11, 2020. The first case in India was on January 30, 2020. COVID-19 attacks the lungs, entering human cells through ACE2 receptors and using its RNA to hijack the cell's mechanisms to replicate itself before destroying the cell. (3) Symptoms range from mild to severe/critical. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms since there is no specific treatment yet, though vaccines are under development

1. College Of Basic Science And Humanities
Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University
Sardarkrushinagar
COVID-19
Submitted by :-
Yogesh Patel
Submitted To :-
Mr. Arvind Parmar
Asst.prof.
(Microbiology)
CBSH, SDAU
Speaker : YOGESH PATEL
5Th Sem Microbiology
Reg No. :12-00203-2018
Course No. : BSH MICRO 5.7
Date : 24 NOV. 2020

2. • Introduction
• Structure
• How corona viruse attack and kill viruse cell in human body?
• Classification
• Clinical Features
• corona viruse Tests
• Treatment and vaccine
• Precaution
(1)
CONTENTS

3. • Corona viruses are large group of viruses that cause illness in Human and Animals
• Rarely, Animal cororna viruses can evolve and infect people and then spread
between people such as has been seen with MERS and SARS
1. (MERS-CoV) :- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
2. (SARS-CoV) :- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
3. (n CoV) :- A novel corona viruses
• Corona virus are zoonotic
• SARS-CoV was transmitted from civet cats to Human
• MERS-CoV was transmitted from dromedary camels to Human
(2)
INTRODUCTION

4. • It’s new disease announced on 11th February 2020 by WHO
• covid-19 first case was come in India :-30 january 2020
• MODERNA – A BIOTECH COMPANY launch first vaccine on 26th feb. 2020
And vaccine name is :- mRNA-1273
• OIE :- WORLD ORGANIZATION FOR ANIMAL HEALTH
• FAO :- FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATIONS OF UNITED NATIONS
• OIE and FAO both guidelines follow for health
• Recovery percentage :- 89% in Gujarat.
• Daily cases comes out around – 50000
(3)

5. • Shape :- large roughly, spherical, particles with unique surface projections
• Size :- generally , 120nm
Extremel size :- 50-200nm
• Molecular weight average:- 40,000KDa
• Coronavirus are enclosed in an envelope embedded with number of protein
molecules
• Lipid bilayer envelope, membrane protein, Nucleocapsid protect the viruse when
it is outside the host cell
• Tyeps of protein:- 1.) Nucleocapsid (N) , 2.) Spike protein (S) , 3.) Envelope
protein (E) , 4.) Membrane protein (M)
(4)
STRUCTURE OF CORONA VIRUSE

6. • Nucleocapsid (N) : bound to RNA genome to make
up nucleocapsid.
• Spike protein (S) : critical for binding of host cell
receptors to facilitate entry to host cell.
• Envelop protein (E) : interacts with M to form viral
envelope.
• Membrane protein (M) :- central organiser of CoV
assembly, determines shape viral envelope
(5)
FUNCTION OF
PROTEIN

7. • Viral envelope is made up of lipid bilayer
membrane (M), envelope (E), spike (S) are
anchored
• Ratio of E:S:M in the lipid bilayer approximately
1:20:300
• M protein :- are the structural protein that
combined with the lipid bilayer shape the viral
envelope and maintain its size
• S protein :- are needed for interaction with
host cell
(6)

8. • When you cough, 3000 saliva droplets comes out from your body
• And when sneezing, 40,000 droplets comes out and it goes up to 300km/hour around 1
meter
• The coronavirus can stay in the air?
Normally, Coronavirus doesn’t stay in the air, but some cases in, YES
• How many hours does the coronavirus stay on the thing
Glass :-96 hours
Plastic :-72 hours
Cardbourd :-24 hours
• Incubation period time : 2-14 days
• Recovery time :- 3-6 weeks
(7)
How coronaviruse Attack and kill viruse cell in
human body?

9. ALVEOLI CELL • At the end of the lung are 60 lacs ALVEOLI
presences.
• Co2 from capillaries enters into alveoli & then
breath out O2 from alveoli enters into capillaries
and then pushed to heart
(8)

10. • Corona viruse is genetically positive +ss RNA
• It means it can make proteins and RNA copies directly in cytoplasm or without
enter in cytoplasm
• Corona viruse is grow fast RNA & proteins
• Its change sequences of RNA and structure of corona viruse
• Till now,40-50 types of corona viruse have been modified
• Spike protein binding with ACE2 receptor and enter in the cell ( vesicle form)
• ACE2 :- angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,which is regulate blood pressure
• ACE2 receptor is a protein, particularly it’s found in lung boundary
(9)

11. • Lysosome contain acidic content which is joining with vesicle form
• Lysosome release acidic content and dissolve protein structure of corona viruse
it’s called lysosome fission
• +ss RNA comes out from vesicle form and enter in cytoplasm of cell
• Nucleous:- which is contain our body DNA
• +ss RNA binding with ribosome which is help to make protein
• By using it’s own RNA, it also became another RNA
• RNA dependent RNA polymerase and protease protein is used for viral
reproduction
• Many corona viruse cells made after cell is destroy
(10)

12. (11)

13. • Now, innate immune system trying to kill corona viruse, so body gets Warmer
(fever)
• Adaptive immune system release antibodies and that antibodies connect to
spike protein At that time macrophages will actived
• Macrophage:- it’s one type of white blood cell
- which is part of immune system
• The antibody is present in space goes to the macrophages and insert corona
viruse cell and antibodies
(12)

14. • Mainly antibodies is not connect with
only one corona viruse it’s attach with
more than one corona viruse Insert
corona virus cell .
• Adaptive immune system require time to
make antibodies because system learn
about spike protein system and then
make antibodies accordingly.
(13)

15. • Corona viruse fatality rate is higher in elderly people and less in young people
• because elderly people immune system is weak it’s means it’s not able to
produce antibodies which amount is required.
• Now in future, corona viruse will come again
• at that time our advance immune system will release antibodies to kill that
viruse and it’s not allow to enter into body.
(14)

16. Symptoms were categorized as follows:-
• Mild cases:- 81% of these disease cases were mild cases include all patients
without pneumonia & cases mild pneumonia.
• Severe cases:- who suffered from shortness of breath, respiratory frequency
>30/minute.
• Critical cases:- who suffered from respiratory failure, septic shock and multiple
oragn dysfunction or failure.
(15)
CLASSIFICATION

17. Mostly reported symptoms of patients
• Fever :- (77-98%)
• Cough :- (46-82%)
• Myalgia &Triedness :- (11-52%)
• Shortness of breath :- (3-31%)
Less reported symptoms of patients
• Sore throat, headache, cough with sputum or hemoptysis.
(16)
CLINICAL FEATURES

18. 1. CBC :- ( leukopenia, seen in 30 to 45% of patients and lymphocytopenia, seen in 85%
of patients)
2. Chest x-ray :- (cheaper & easier with 60% sensitivity)
3. PCR :- (30-70% sensitivity)
4. Chest CT scan:- (95% Sensitivity, low specificity)
5. IgM/IgG combo test for covid-19
(17)
CORONA VIRUSE TESTS

19. Treatment
• No specific treatment currently available
• Anti-viral medications under investigation
• Most companies are involved in developing vaccines. Which includes 3 vaccines
from India
(18)
Treatment and Vaccine

20. • Experts say the likely timeline for distribution of a vaccine is spring or summer of
2021, although some high-risk groups could receive a vaccine as early as January.
• Importanly, work on 3 vaccines is progressing rapidly in India
• At the forefront of this is the Oxford University vaccine
• The serum Institute of pune is being developed and that vaccines work is
underway on the 3rd trail.
(19)

21. • The second vaccine in india is India biotech.
• The trail of first stage hase been completed.
• The third vaccine zydus cadila.
• The trail of which has been competed in first stage.
(20)

22. 1. Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub.
2. Maintain at least 1metre (3 feet) distance between yourself and other person.
3. Avoid going to crowded places.
4. Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth.
5. Make sure you , and people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene.
6. Stay home and Self-isolate even with minor symptoms such as cough headache,
mild fever until you recover
7. Keep up to date on the latest information from trusted source such as, WHO
(21)
PRECAUTIONS