The paragraphs and their categories

1. PARAGRAPH WRITING
BY PAULA PINEDA, YENNIFER OJEDA,
MANUEL BRICEÑO, CARLOS ALFONSO.
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2. INTRO
BEFORE TO CREATE A PARAGRAPH KEEP IN
MIND:
COHERENCE
It is organized details:
Spatial - chronological - importance - logical
Clear and sensible connection - linkers, connectors
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3. HOW MAKE IT?
REARRANGE - TRACK TOPIC SENTENCES
Meanings of difficult words
Possess a dictionary
Check the pronunciation
Be aware of different kinds of information
Referred grammatical forms of the words
Dictionary provide information about words, namely, pronunciation, meaning,
grammatical patterns and usage
Check examples of how words actually are used in sentences 3

4. ACCORDING TO YOUR LOCATION
Opening paragraph:
It is used to expose the problem or thesis, can be raised by means of:
• Synthesis.
• Interrogative phrases.
• Anecdotes. 4

5. 5
Example:
It is a fact that the constant rains are caused by the greenhouse effect,
which has suffered a considerable increase, due to the more than 1000
deforestation carried out this past year.

6. Transition paragraph:
It is used to apply a change to the theme or to move from one part to another, you
can use expressions like:
Therefore, in addition, by last, etc.
Example:
Colombia is characterized by the different municipal festivities that take place
every year, which promote tourism and help the country's economy. Gaps in these
celebrations are:
San Pedro (Neiva): This celebration is held in the department of Huila in the month
of June, events such as the National Bambuco festival are presented.
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7. Closing paragraph:
This contains a brief summary of the topic, conclusions or suggestions can
be included (recovering the essence of the text), seeking to attract the
interest of the reader and get the reader to share their ideas or points of
view.
Example:
Taking into account the above, it is important that women perform cytology
every six months, in order to prevent cervical cancer.
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8. ACCORDING TO ITS CONTENT
Argumentative paragraph:
It is used to persuade the reader, in order to share and support the writer's idea
or point of view.
Conceptual paragraph or definition:
 Specify the meaning of a term.
 Center a thought. 8

9. Example:
Chocolate is not only an exquisite sweet, it also contains properties that
help improve blood flow, raise cholesterol levels, prevent cardiovascular
diseases, among others.
9

10. Chronological paragraph:
They refer to the temporal succession of an event.
Organizing phase that works as a reader's guide.
Example:
The medications must be injected every four hours, first we must place
the vitamin injection, then the antibiotic medication is injected and
finally the next day at the same time the antibiotic is injected, until the
seven days are completed.

11. It should not be exposed to infections and extreme climates for 15 days to
avoid complications.
Recovered from: http://www.ejemplode.com/12-clases_de_espanol/364-
ejemplo_de_orden_cronologico_de_narracion_del_parrafo.html
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12. Paragraph of enumeration:
Indicates the organization of the text.
Common errors:
● Repeat items from the list.
● Sort items without criteria.
● Use different syntactic structure.
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13. Example:
In my garden i planted five different types of flowers, at the back of the garden
because the red roses, in the center planter i put daisies, next to the fountain are
the hydrangeas and in the flower boxes at the ends are the yellow and white
roses.
Recovered from: http://www.ejemplode.com/12clases_de_espanol/2641-
ejemplo_de_parrafo_de_enumeracion.html
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14. Descriptive paragraph:
Description of object, person, idea or situation to be discussed.
It has logical order.
Example:
The leafy oak stands erect and proud in the middle of the park, where every
afternoon the children play around. The mother rest on the wooden benches watching
their little ones play while the imposing tree provides them with a good shade, which
helps them to cool off in the afternoons of thermal waters.
Recovered from: http://www.ejemplode.com/12-clases_de_espanol/2653-
ejemplo_de_parrafo_descriptivo.html
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15. Explanatory paragraph:
Clarifies or develops the theme more broadly.
Example:
The oldest society of all, and the only natural one, is that of a family; and
even in this society the children only persevere with their father all the time
they need for their preservation. From the moment this need ceases, the
natural bond dissolves.
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16. The children, free from the obedience owed to the father, and the father,
exempt from the care he owed the children, also recover their
independence. If they continue united, it is no longer naturally, but by their
will; and the family itself is not maintained except by convention.
Recovered from: https://www.aboutespanol.com/ejemplo-de-parrafo-
explicativo-2879434
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17. Expositive paragraph:
Shows any kind of information in an organized way.
Example:
The dog is a four legged animal. Its a domesticated canine that has a
highly developed sense of smell. There are numerous races of dogs,
which makes them very diferente from each other.
(Own elaboration).

18. Narrative paragraph:
Shows events or actions following a chronological order.
Example:
“He ought to have remembered who he was dealing with. lysa arryn and
her half-sane weakling son had not been known at court for their love of
wit, especially when it was directed at them.”
(Game of thrones, george r. r. martin 2015)
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19. ACCORDING TO ITS LOGICAL STRUCTURE
Comparative paragraph:
Shows similarities or differences between two objects or events.
Example:
There are several characteristics which distinguish plants from animals. Green
plants are able to manufacture their own food from substances in the environment.
This process is known as photosynthesis. In contrast, animals, including man, get
their food either directly from plants or indirectly by eating animals which have
eaten plants. plants are generally stationary. 19

20. animals, on the other hand, can usually move about. In external appearance, plants
are usually green. they grow in a branching fashion at their extremities, and their
growth continues throughout their lives. Animals, however, are very diverse in their
external appearance. Their growth pattern is not limited to their extremities. It is
evenly distributed and only occurs in a definite time period. Therefore, the differences
between plants and animals is quite significant.
Taken from: https://aso-resources.une.edu.au/academic-writing/paragraphs/for-
comparison-andor-contrast/
Cause-effect paragraph:
States a fact followed by the reasons why it happened or its consequences.
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21. Example:
the lack of rain and snow has horrible effects on farmers. with no rain their land dries up, and it is
very difficult to grow anything. when the crops fail, the farmers haven't anay choice but to get a
second job in order to make the money they need. farmong is a full time job and with a second job,
farmers are overworked, stressed and even depressed. many farmers end up selling their land. some
farmers have accepted the government program the conservation reserve program (crp), which is the
land is left idle to let the grass grow and must be left idle a certian number of years. while the land is
in the crp program, some farmers have taken outside jobs. that is why when it doesn't rain, you notice
that most of the farmers are very crabby. as a farmer's daughter, i have experienced some good
times and some bad times. i have gained a great respect for farmers everywhere.
taken from:
http://english120.pbworks.com/w/page/19006810/cause%20and%20effect%20paragraphs 21

22. Paragraph of approach and resolution of a problem:
At first it exposes the problem then the resolution.
Example:
"although many entities support entrepreneurship in Colombia, the problems
faced by those who run the risk of taking this path often lead them to desist or
fail in their projects, which requires more investment.“
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23. 23
Paragraph of sequence or process:
Description of sequence of events or process.
Example:
Preparation
● Pour the yeast over the water and let it rest for about 10 minutes.
● Mix the flour and salt in a bowl.
● Open a hole in the center of the flour and pour the mixture of water and yeast.
● Mix in a circular direction with your hands, until the mixture detaches from the
walls of the container.

24. 24
Deductive paragraph:
Main subject at first. From big picture to details.
Example:
At least 72 deaths have been reported since the volcano first erupted on sunday,
with many others missing.
Authorities say more than 1.7 million people have been affected by the eruption, with
more than 3,000 evacuated and many living in shelters.
Villages on the slopes of the volcano were buried in volcanic ash and mud.

25. Inductive paragraph:
Main theme at the end. From secondary ideas to general issues.
Example:
“They were the internet of their day," says riddell. “Just like memes appear on
social media today, a song would be written and performed in music halls on the
day of a significant cultural event. It was a raw, electric and relevant world that
told of a society that differed from the restrained images often painted by
historians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Especially when it came to women.
It captivated me and i was excited to learn more." 25

26. Paragraph of conclusion:
It use to finish themes. It start with phrases like: In conclusion, finally…
Example:
“The status of Jerusalem is highly sensitive. Israel regards Jerusalem as its "eternal and
undivided" capital. Palestinians see the eastern part of the city as the capital of a
future palestinian state, and were angered by a decision to relocate the game there
from Haifa.
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27. CONCLUSIONS
Paragraphs can be classified according to the type of text to which they belong.
we can find descriptive, narrative, argumentative and expositive texts, each one
with its own kind of paragraphs but every type of text can contain more than one
kind of paragraph.
Paragraphs are the minimun unit in the writing process. Each one plays an
important role in its text. they explain and develop the meaning of an idea.
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28. REFERENCES
Recuperado de:
https://virtual.universidadean.edu.co/bbcswebdav/pid-917793-dt-content-
rid-9138896_1/courses/PADREITDFEAV/2018-C2-AVA/g04_a03_o01.html
http://goo.gl/zO7SB6
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-44378669
https://www.semana.com/nacion/multimedia/semana-en-vivo-voto-en-
blanco-voto-de-protesta-o-que-favorece-a-duque/570067