2. Introduction
A broad historical description of
intellectual developments in continental
philosophy and critical theory
An outcome of Twentieth-century French
philosophy
The prefix "post“: critical of structuralism
Structuralism: culturally independent
meaning
Post-structuralists: culture as integral to
meaning
3. Introduction
A ‘rebellion against’ structuralism
A critical and comprehensive
response to the basic assumptions of
structuralism
Studies the underlying structures
inherent in cultural products (such as
texts)
Utilizes analytical concepts from
linguistics, psychology, anthropology
and other fields
4. Introduction
To understand an object (e.g. one of
the many meanings of a text), we
need to study…
– the object itself
– the systems of knowledge which were
coordinated to produce the object
6. Basic Assumptions
Concept of "self" as a singular and
coherent entity: a fictional construct
An individual = Conflicting tensions +
Knowledge claims (e.g. gender, class,
profession, etc.)
To properly study a text, the reader must
understand how the work is related to his
own personal concept of self
Self-perception:critical in one's
interpretation of meaning
7. Basic Assumptions
The meaning the author intended –
secondary to the meaning that the reader
perceives
Rejects the idea of a literary text having
one purpose, one meaning or one singular
existence
To utilize a variety of perspectives to
create a multifaceted (or conflicting)
interpretation of a text
To analyze how the meanings of a text
shift in relation to certain variables
(usually the identity of the reader)
8. Concepts (1): Destabilized
Meaning
Reader as the primary subject of inquiry
(instead of author / writer)
Such displacement: the "destabilizing" or
"decentering" of the author
Disregarding an essentialist reading of the
content
Other sources are examined for meaning
(e.g. readers, cultural norms, other
literature, etc.)
Such alternative sources promise no
consistency
9. Concepts (1): Destabilized
Meaning
“...language refers to the position of the listener
and the speaker, that is, to the contingency of
their story. To seize by inventory all the contexts
of language and all possible positions of
interlocutors is a senseless task. Every verbal
signification lies at the confluence of countless
semantic rivers. Experience, like language, no
longer seems to be made of isolated
elements lodged somehow in a Euclidean
space... [Words] signify from the "world"
and from the position of one who is looking.”
Lévinas, Signification and Sense,
Humanism of the Other, tr. Nidra Poller
10. Concepts (2): Deconstruction
Rejects that there is a consistent structure
to texts, specifically the theory of binary
opposition
Post-structuralists advocate
deconstruction
Meanings of texts and concepts constantly
shift in relation to myriad variables
The only way to properly understand
these meanings: deconstruct the
assumptions and knowledge systems
which produce the illusion of singular
meaning
11. Post-structuralist Writers
Jean Baudrillard
Judith Butler
Félix Guattari
Fredric Jameson
Sarah Kofman
Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe
Jean-François Lyotard
Jean-Luc Nancy
Bernard Stiegler