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1. Introduction to
Database Management
Prep. By. Zandro Apostol

2. Introduction to Database Management
• File Systems
• Database Systems
• Database Models
• Database Management System
• Data Dictionaries

3. File Systems
• What is file system?
Are used by the manager of any small
organization to track necessary data.
• This is where to store data and
retrieve

4. File System Disanvantage
• Lengthy development time
• Slow querying and report generation
• Complex system administration
• Lack of security and limited data sharing
• Extensive programming

5. These are
examples of how
data is
organized and
stored.

6. Database Systems
These are examples of Point of sale /Transaction System

7. What is Database?
• In computing, a database is an organized collection of data stored and accessed
electronically. Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases
are hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage.
Advantages:
• Data integrity
• Data independence
• Data security
• Less physical storage

8. • Easy data usage
Disadvantages:
• Cost (relative to size)
• Complexity
• Security vulnerability
• Technological requirements

9. Database Models
Database Model Categories:
• Conceptual Model - The flow chart or they called backdraft
• Implementation Model – how will you implement or program
Building Block of a Database Model:
• Entities
• Attributes
• Relationship
• constraints

10. Five Major Parts of a Database System
• Hardware
• Software
• Peopleware
• Procedures
• Data

11. Three (3) Types of relationship:
• One-to-one (1.1)
• One-to-many (1.*)
• Many-to-many (*.*)
Types of Database Models
1. Hierarchical Model
A hierarchical database model is a data model in which the data are organized
into a tree-like structure. The data are stored as records which are connected to
one another through links. A record is a collection of fields, with each field
containing only one value

12. 2. Network Model
3. Relational Model
The network model is a database
model conceived as a flexible
way of representing objects and
their relationships.
The relational model is an approach to managing data
using a structure and language consistent with first-
order predicate logic, first described in 1969 by English
computer scientist Edgar F. Codd, where all data is
represented in terms of tuples, grouped into relations

13. Data Dictionaries
• What is data dictionaries? Is also called Metadata Repository
• Centralized Repositories of information about data such as meaning,
relationship to other data, origin, usage and format.
Types of data dictionaries:
• Standalone -3rd party dictionaries separate from the DBMS.
• Integrated – included as part of the DBMS.
Classification of Data dictionaries:
• Active- are automatically updated
• Passive- require processing

14. Database Management System
What is Database Management System (DBMS)?
that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.
Examples:
• MySql
• Oracle
Commons Functions of DBMS:
• Data management (dictionaries, storage, security, backup, recovery)
• Data transformation and presentation
• Multi-access-user control
• Access to Database via language and application interfaces.

15. What is SQL?
• Structured Query Language – sublanguage used in querying, updating and
managing relational databases.
• Derived from IBM research group that created Structured English Query
Language (SEQUEL) in the 1970’s.
• Design for both technical ang non- technical users.

16. Major Components of SQL
• Data Manipulation Language (DML) – module of the SQL, allows you to
RETRIEVE, ADD, or DELETE data in database.
• Data Difinition Language (DDL) – enables you to create and modify the
database itself
• Data Control Language( DCL) – maintains the proper security for the
database.