The Theory Of Progressive Evolution

The Theory Of Progressive Evolution
However, the theory of progressive evolution by selection through natural challenges and sexual preference across geological epochs as argued in the
On the Origin of Species (1859)4 was still to be considered by all reasonable, educated persons as an astounding, unprecedented achievement. In
historical terms, a dividing line has been reinforced between the pre and post–Darwinian worlds, emphasising the supposed difference between
biological guesswork and precise judgement. A sense of caution and inquiry as well as lively internal debate on implications was not a block to
overriding optimism.
To the Neo–Darwinians, Darwin formed the inexorable foundation of a grand positivist tradition that included genetics, evolutionary psychology,
cross–disciplinary science, political and religious reform, and natural history. To discard the supposed inherent, historically consistent validity of
Darwin 's "branching"development of species, the factual existence of genetic predisposition to phenotypical traits, and the creation of different species
and genera by natural selection by sex and natural challenges over vast, climatic geological epochs5 was seemingly to discard confidence in biology,
science, or even the entire history of liberal Western society as a whole according to Larry Witham6. This marks the general Neo–Darwinian position
on Darwinian as inescapably positivist, in that a sense of societal improvement through "science" is inexorable from it.
Dawkins made the
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Neo Darwinism
The neo–Darwinian theory of evolution is the "modern synthesis" of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection combined with the
Gregor Mendel's theory of genetics. This modern theory of evolution is the connection between genes and mechanisms of evolution, specifically natural
selection. It can also be described as the mechanisms that may lead to the changes in the frequencies of alleles found in a population. The
neo–Darwinian theory proclaims that all living organisms share a common ancestor and the evolutionary process is gradual. Evolution is mechanised by
natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift and human intervention which results in speciation (the formation of a new species).
Natural selection, the key evolutionary...show more content...
At this time, practically all Gram–positive infections were vulnerable to the penicillin. However, today, infections caused by bacterial agents such as
Staphylococcus aureus are resistant to penicillin, and of those, 50% are resistant to stronger drugs. Human actions that have aided and accelerated the
process of evolution regarding bacterial resistance to antibiotics include the misuse of antibiotics by health professionals (more than 40 million of
antibiotic prescriptions in 2011 were unnecessary), poor drug quality, unhygienic conditions enhancing the spread of resistant bacteria (mostly in
developing nations) and inadequate surveillance (patients not completing their course of antibiotics and the strongest/resistant bacteria

Evolution Essay
Evolution
Evolution is a complex process by which the characteristics of living organisms change over many generations as traits are passed from one generation
to the next. Many scientists agree on that concept. They have been trying to develop this theory over hundreds of years to make it reasonable and
beliveable to people. But is evolution the reason that humans are on earth?
People that are not quite religious and have little faith in God believe in evolution. Those who strongly stand by their beliefs supporting evolution, in
my opinion, think they know enough about science and biology and all the complexities of the cell and the human being that they forgot who actually
created all this. In the Bible, the Quran and most if...show more content...
This is prohibited genetically since all of the information for the development of an organism has already been encoded in the DNA of its parent.
Variation to organisms must remain within its basic kind...evolutionists have tried to explain thatnatural selection happened in conjunction with
mutations to the genetic code. This could not produce evolution, however, since mutations do not create new genetic potential, they just alter what is
already there."3 Now genetic alteration, or mutation is being taken place on animals like pigs and mice to try to have human DNA in their cells. The
chances of this taking place successfully is again very low.
Some evolutionists argue that anti–evolutionists' only sources are either religous or weak scientific facts. The second law of thermodynamics is
broadly accepted by many scientists and states that, "...anything which is organized , tends with time, to become disorganized. Any physical system
left to itself will decay, or, lose energy and organization within the system...In other words, this law says that the increase of information required for a
life form to evolve could not happen as this increase in information by itself violates the law."4 This disorganization is also called entropy.
1. http://str.org/free/reflections
"Measurements of the sediment deposited each year as a result of the Nile River's overflow shows that

The Theory of Evolution Essay
The theory of evolution by natural selection does not interfere with the Judeo–Christian view of god as the creator, based on multiple sources including
statements from the Pope himself. Although throughout history there are many instances of conflict between people, science, and the Catholic Church,
there has recently been a widespread acceptance for science and many even say it does not interfere with the Judeo–Christian view of god as the
creator. This essay will discuss the different types of views there are on evolution and creation, as well as go in depth to prove how evolution by
natural selection does not interfere with the Judeo–Christian view on evolution. There are many different views on evolution. The first is scientific
...show more content...
(Akin) Galileo was a prime example of a conflict between the Catholic Church and science. He was a devout roman catholic, however a great
scientist. Galileo had many contributions to the world such as the telescope and his many discoveries in outer space. However one of the more
widely recognized was his support to Copernicus' theory of heliocentricity. Before this the church had stated that the sun revolved around the earth,
known as the theory of geocenctricity. Galileo's teachings were consequently banned by the church, and Galileo himself imprisoned. However, in
1992 the Vatican under Pope John Paul II held a ceremony to proclaim that Galileo was right in his findings and support of Copernicus. (Tracts) This
shows that the present day church does not see science as a threat or interference to its teachings. The present day church actually supports science, as
well as the theory of evolution by natural selection. However, although evolution is widely accepted by many Popes, as well as the Catholic Church,
many things are still maintained. It is still maintained that Adam was the first human and all life originated from him. The church still says that all
humans have souls. The church insists that a soul is unobservable; therefore it is untestable by science since it has no effect on the natural world, and
science cannot confirm or deny its existence. The big bang theory is

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution centres on the idea that species compete to survive, and favorable characteristics are passed on from one
generation to the next.
Darwin said that evolution took place by a process of natural selection or survival of the fittest. This meant that the animals and plants best suited to
their surroundings survived and were able to pass on their genes to their offspring. The ones that weren't best suited died off and didn't get the chance to
reproduce. Animals and plants had to change or evolve due to environmental pressures. Over millions of years the conditions on the Earth have changed
tremendously, the environmental conditions we have now are very...show more content...
Darwin noted four things from his observations:
1. All organisms produce an abundance of offspring, many more than is necessary
2. There is a fairly constant population size over time for any particular organism
3. Within a species there is a wide range of features, due to different alleles
4. Some variations are passed on and inherited by the offspring
From these Darwin decided that all organisms struggle for survival and so have to produce many offspring to ensure that some do survive.
He also concluded that for a species to survive, the best (or 'fittest') of them must survive long enough to reproduce and pass on their genes.
It has three essential parts:
It is possible for the DNA of an organism to occasionally change, or mutate. A mutation changes the DNA of an organism in a way that affects its
offspring, either immediately or several generations down the line.
The change brought about by a mutation is either beneficial, harmful or neutral. If the change is harmful, and then it is unlikely that the offspring will

survive to reproduce, so the mutation dies out and goes nowhere. If the change is beneficial, then it is likely that the offspring will do better than other
offspring and so will reproduce more. Through reproduction, the beneficial mutation spreads. The process of culling bad mutations

Evidence Of Evolution
Nora Lyang
AP Bio Pd. 3
2 January 2016
Evidence of Evolution The theory of evolution is the process how organisms on Earth change over time by natural selection. The theory of evolution
is so widely known that it is almost universally accepted, except for a few people that think otherwise. For a theory to become so widely known and
established, there has to have been evidence to back it up. The most prominent pieces of evidence for evolution are often cited as biogeography,
homology, analogy, direct evidence, and paleontology. Each of these pieces of evidence provide indication for evolution. Biogeography is the study of
where life is found and where their descendants were living in the past. Before Darwin, all scientists believed in special...show more content...
Analogous structures have similar structures, but a different origin. They also have similar functions. An example of analogy that supports the theory
of evolution is speciation. Speciation is defined as the biological change over time by which new species arrive. Some might wonder how analogous
structures come to be. Different species usually become more alike because of convergent evolution. For example, two species can live in different but
similar environments and need to fill the same niche in different places on Earth. Because natural selection is the same around the world, the species
will go through similar styles of adaptations. Animals with advantageous adaptations will be able to pass on their genes through reproduction.
Reproduction continues until the advantageous adaptation is the only one left. Occasionally, the favorable variation can change the structure of the
species. Limbs can be lost, gained, or changed, creating analogous structures in diverse species that live in similar niches and surroundings, but don't
live in the same places. A more specific example is the similarity between the wings of birds and bats. A widespread adaptation for many species, the
wings of birds and bats are analogous as flight structures. The wings of both animals have developed by different paths. In bats, the surface of the
wing is a membrane without feathers whereas birds have wings covered in feathers. Although both animals can fly and have wings, they are different
in many other places. Birds and bats just happen to fill the flying niche of their

Darwin's Theory Of Evolution
Michaelangelo Lipford
Mr. hooker
2 p.r.
14 December 2015
Theory of evolution
The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin's book "On the Origin of Species" in 1859. It is when an animal changes over
time it changes its heritable physical or behavioral traits. This happens so a species is better suited to live in an environment and to have more offspring.
Evolution by natural selection is one of the best substantiated theories in the history of science due to is evidence from paleontology, geology, genetics,
to developmental biology.
The theory has two main points, said Brian Richmond, curator of human origins at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. "All
life on Earth is connected and related...show more content...
It can happen many ways like a population to change color or size over the course of several generations. This is called "microevolution." But over
time it can become bigger it can create new species, known as "macroevolution." Darwin did know anting about anything about genetics or how
much it effects it how things works. That came later, with the discovery of how genes encode different biological or behavioral traits, and how
genes are passed down from parents to offspring. The incorporation of genetics and Darwin's theory is known as "modern evolutionary synthesis."
The way physical and behavioral changes that make natural selection possible goes to DNA and genes. When it changes its known as mutations.
"Mutations are basically the raw material on which evolution acts," Pobiner said. Mutations can be caused by random errors in DNA replication or
repair, or by chemical or radiation damage. Most times, mutations are either harmful or neutral, but in rare instances, a mutation might prove
beneficial to the organism. If so, it will become more prevalent in the next generation and spread throughout the population. So think of like spider
man he was bit by a radioactive spider and instead of getting cancer he changed for the better. (I am not condoning for you to get by a radioactive
spider just avoid radioactivity

Biological evolution is the name for the changes in gene frequency in a population of a species from generation to generation. Evolution offers
explanation to why species genetically change over years and the diversity of life on Earth. Although it is generally accepted by the scientific
community, Charles Darwin's theory of evolution has been studied and debated for several decades. In 1859, Darwin published On The Origin of
Species, which introduced the idea of evolutionary thought which he supported with evidence of one type of evolutionary mechanism, natural
selection. Some of the main mechanisms of evolution are natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift. The idea that all life on Earth shares a common
ancestor has been around for...show more content...
Over time the beak would become longer and those birds would survive. The next mechanism, genetic drift, happens by chance. For example, a bug
that is either red or green. If a large portion of the red bug happens to get stepped on, the gene frequency for this species is now changed. Mutation
is another evolutionary mechanism that happens by chance. Mutation is when the genetic material of an organism is altered. An example of this is
albinism which has altered the genes of several different animals. Evolution has been debated for many years. Most scientists assume evolution to be
true, but it is not officially proven. Evolution is known as "fact and theory," because it is a fact that organisms have changed over time, but the
mechanism that changes those organisms is uncertain. One of the major debates regarding evolution is the belief in creationism. Creationists believe
that the Universe and organisms on Earth were all created by a divine power. There are also some theories in which creationism and evolution
coexist. One idea is that the divine being who created the world used evolution as a method. Another idea is that science and religion are actually the
same thing and religion explains the unknown parts of science. For example, science says that the world couldn't have been created in seven days, but
one of God's days may not be the same length

Why Do You Believe In The Theory Of Evolution
Introduction
Do you believe in the theory of evolution? There are many people who believe evolution is how humans came to be in today's world. Charles
Darwin was the first to publish work on the theory in 1859, concluding it is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes
in heritable physical or behavioral traits. Over the years scientists have began trying to prove this theory is real. The theory has two main points, all
life is connected and related to each other and the diversity is a product of modifications of populations by natural selection. Modern scientists have
gone even further to branch off of the theory to make more points of the theory such as natural selection, origin of species, and modern understanding.
In today's society there are a strong number of individuals who strongly believe it is true. The theory is untrue from the majority's point of view.
This is because there are no hard facts to prove we have all evolved from the same specimen. The only type of evolution is how animals adapt to an
environment over time, but to say we all came from the same cell is just not provable. To see that a lot of people believe in a loosely supported and
the theory was created by man when there was little to no religion. There's more proof in the religion of Christianity than evolution because of
religious sites and the places that are spoken of in the bible are actual cities. There's nothing but the words of a man that came from his imagination.
Charles Darwin made a lot of valid points but he did not know what modern people know today. Darwin did not know about DNA and the specifics
of each species. If Darwin had all the details of today's scientists, he would have not believed in evolution.
Conclusion
The theory of evolution is a debatable topic. It can go either way depending on the person, but the simple fact is that there is no proof to support the
theory. Scientists have tried to find any realism in the theory but it is just too far fetched to have any concrete evidence. It is a personal opinion in
whether someone believes in evolution or not but it is almost more

Natural Selection Theory Of Evolution Essay
The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, originally formulated by Charles Darwin in 1858, is the manner in which organisms change over time
as a product of specific changes in hereditary physical or behavioral traits. This process provides the organism adaptations that assist and increase the
chance of survival in the environment. (http://www.livescience.com/474–controversy–evolution–works.html) Today we can partially thank our
existence to natural selection. "Survival of the fittest" is how organisms adapt and survive to the ever–changing environmental conditions, and those
"fittest" survive.
The most obvious and direct form of evidence of Evolution through natural selection is, the proof through fossils. Fossils contain plant and animal
remains that provide us with a detailed record of the past and the changes that occur through time. As time has...show more content...
About 35 million years ago, the North American climate changed from wet forests into dry grasslands. Size, Feet, and Teeth records all show
significant evidential changes that occurred over this climate change period in which horses has to adapt to this plains habitat. The adaptation of the
horse foot from 4 toes to hoof occurred through the lengthening of the middle toes, which were suited to run on the dry hard land and the side toes
disappearing. Eventually the hoof evolved to become suitable for running on the land while supporting the changes in lengths of bones and skeletal
structure of the limbs to run for long distances at high speeds. Extensive fossils have been uncovered showing records of the changes with detailed
accounts. Evolutionary change over time is not simple or linear, but provide evidential trends of species when it comes to traits and characteristics
evolving. Today almost all common ancestors from the Equidae family tree are extinct, while donkeys and zebras are now included in this

The ongoing scientific investigation of how exactly evolution occurred and continues to occur has been an argumentative idea amongst society since
Darwin first articulated it over a century ago. The scientific basis of evolution accounts for happenings that are also essential concerns of religion; both
religion and science focus on the origins of humans and of biological diversity. For instance, in the reading "Truth Cannot Contradict Truth," Pope John
Paul II, addressing the Pontifical Academy of Science, discussed the matter of God as creator of man. The Pope explains that men cannot relate to
animals because men are superior. The reasoning for that is because God created humans under his likeness. What the church is saying about mankind
"If no such variations exist, the population rapidly goes extinct because it cannot adapt to a changing environment" (O'Neil, 1998–2013). Scientists call
this reproductive success. "Within a specific environment context, one genotype will be better than another genotype in survival or reproduction for
certain reasons having to do with the way its particular features relate to the environment or relate to other organisms within the population" (Futuyma,
2000–2014). The theory of evolution is explicable through various kinds of scientific research. In the science of paleontology, the history of life is
studied. Paleontologists study fossils to learn the past ecologies, evolution, and the origins of humans. In order to understand the processes that have
led to both the origination and destruction of organisms since life began, paleontologists incorporate both scientific knowledge and studies. Fossil
findings are critically important for confirming predictions of evolution theory. Of the many discoveries that are made yearly to add depth to the
understanding of evolution, an example is a recent discovery of a creature they named Tiktaalik. The Tiktaalik was uncovered to be a transitional
animal between shallow–water fishes and limbed animals. The creature supports the idea that it emerged from both mammals and reptiles, suggesting
that the two are related. These findings support prediction of evolution, contradicting the belief that God

The Process Of Evolution And Evolution
Sachs 1
Ella Sachs
Mrs.Jarvis
AP Biology
April 6th, 2015
The Process of Evolution
Evolution is "the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the
history of the earth," "Google." Google. Google, n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2015.Evolution is the reason there is change in the genetic makeup of a population,
the reason organisms are linked by common ancestors, and evolution is still happening today because of the constant change in environment. This
paper focuses on these subjects within evolution and will explore all areas of the process of evolution that creates diversity and unity in life.
One key component of evolution is natural selection. Natural selection is a theory, first presented by Charles Darwin, that is well known across the
globe. It is the reason why there is change of genetic makeup in evolution. Natural selection is caused by the variation between generations, as well as
the survival of different individuals with different combinations of traits. The theory poses that organisms with characteristics that increase their
probability of survival will be given the chance to produce more offspring. This means that the organism is more "fit". These offsprings are then given
the benefiting characteristic. With time more variation throughout the species will develop. For an example of why evolution is dependent on natural
selection Berkeley College talks about a population of beetles.

The Theory of Evolution
Running Head: EVOLUTION The Theory of Evolution By Student's Name Name of University Charles Darwin's theory of evolution has been a topic
of controversy since it was promulgated in the late 1800s. Nonetheless, its tenets remain strong, with many modern day scientists making discoveries
that support Darwin's theories of evolution, natural selection, and survival of the fittest. In The Origin of Species, Darwin calls the process of natural
selection or survival of the fittest, the preservation of favorable individual differences and variations, and the destruction of those, which are injurious
(Darwin, 1901). Darwin's theory of evolutionary change and process of natural selection surmises that variations exist in every...show more content...
The theory of evolution will always be debated, but new scientific discoveries that support the theory cannot be disputed. Therefore, Darwin's theory
has stood the test of time, which is a great accomplishment in this ever–changing world of new discoveries and scientific innovations. References
Abdul, P. (2005). Origin of genetic information and evolution of biological species. Islam & Science, 3, 7–13. Beecher–Monas, E., & Garcia–Rill, E.
(2006). Genetic predictions of future dangerousness: Is there a blueprint for violence. Law and Contemporary Problems, 69, 301–310. Darwin, C.
(1901). The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection: Or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life. New York: P.F. Collier
and Son. Griffiths, P. E. (1997). What emotions really are: The problem of psychological categories. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Science
and Creationism: A View from the National Academy of Sciences. (1999). Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Waters, R.H., & Rethlingshafer,
D.A., & Caldwell, W.E. (1960). Principles of Comparative Psychology. New York:

What Darwin Never Knew Essay
Evolution– What Darwin Never Knew
The main claims of evolution are that all species are connected, species change, and that genes of different species are not identical due to mutations.
PBS's film, What Darwin Never Knew, explains that "all species are connected and they change through Darwin's 'descent with modification' theory"
(What Darwin Never Knew). The species are connected, yet varying through mutations. "Mutations are a critical ingredient in the recipe for evolution.
Without mutation, everything would stay constant, generation after generation. Mutation generates variation, differences between individuals" (What
Darwin Never Knew). In different species, most of the DNA is similar, with the exception of one different sequence. The mutations can cause changes
between species, causing variation. Overall, it...show more content...
He did not know that DNA does not stay the same and that mutations change DNA. Evolution is discovered by the comparing of genes. Similarly,
Darwin did not understand dark matter, a concept still hard to grasp today. Otherwise, one other major contributing point is switches in DNA.
"Switches are very powerful parts of D.N.A., because they allow animals to use genes in one place and not another; at one time, and not another"
(What Darwin Never Knew). Darwin was born in the 1800's, whereas it was not until the 1950's that Watson and Crick began to decipher DNA's
structure. Darwin's claims still hold true, but DNA takes evolution one step forward. Darwin's ideology and today's knowledge of DNA work hand in
hand to ensure the development and understanding of evolution. Through this, I have learned about evolution. I find it shocking that one DNA
sequence is what differentiates certain species from others. I have learned about switches, which takes a big role in the makeup of organisms and its
diversity. Between Darwin's knowledge and today's knowledge, I am beginning to make connections about

Essay about Evidence for Evolution
Evolution and DiversityвЂЁ
Evolution and DiversityThe foundation for the theory of evolution was laid by Charles Darwin (Rose, n.d.). He developed hypotheses about natural
selection which helped scientists develop the theory. Evolution is a theory and not a hypothesis because evolution has been proven by vast amounts of
scientific data, research, and testing. The definition of a hypothesis is an educated explanation that needs to be researched and tested but has not yet
been proven (Earman, 1984). There has been no scientific evidence to disprove the theory of evolution. The fossil record is evidence of evolution.
Fossils are often fingerprints of evolution. They help scientists track how species evolved...show more content...
Many die before they are born or hatched depending on species, while many others don't survive infancy and ultimately into their reproductive years.
A portion of those that reach reproductive age will never reproduce due to sterility or other factors. This is a part of thenatural selection process. It is
often referred to as the, "survival of the fittest" (Frederic, 2011). It is hard to truly estimate what fraction of offspring will survive to reproduction.
There are always obstacles to survival for an organism. Climate, food, habitat, and illness are just a few factors which affect natural selection.
Ultimately we know that some traits can increase survival rates for individuals such as their color. We know from Darwin's research that a certain
beak length was favorable in finches but that was also dependent on yearly weather (Petren, 2005). Offspring that possess favorable traits are more
capable of surviving into adulthood and thus reproducing. We know from genetics that there is an increased likelihood that their offspring would also
possess that desirable trait. The population of individuals possessing the trait would increase as more individuals possessing the trait survived to
reproductive years, and fewer without the trait did not. Natural selection can help prevent a species from going extinct if they were to face adverse
conditions that

Charles Darwin 's Theory Of Evolution Essay
Darwin and his Followers Charles Darwin is one of the most well known names in the United States for good reason. His theory of evolution
through natural selection was not only revolutionary in the scientific world, but were also applied to society by some of his followers in this
country. Some of these applications were beneficial to society while others simply allowed people to use his teachings for their own goals. While
not apparent at first, Darwin does believe in a meaning in life similar to Tolstoy, and does not have the same pessimism as Freud. However,
Darwin's followers in America do not share the same view, and use his findings to establish Social Darwinism in their country. This backdrop
allows for many racist norms in the name of science, and allows for the occurrence of cases like that of Henrietta Lacks. Taking a look at Darwin's
The Origin of Species, his wording clearly shows that he is attempting to report his findings using only facts. In this work, Darwin aims to shed
light on the origin of all species, but is very careful to only mention the origin of man very briefly. This avoidance can be explained by his fear of
public reception to such a controversial new theory on all of life. At the time of his publication, the english speaking world is dominated by
creationists firmly believing that God is the universal origin of all species. Despite his lack of God in his explanation of the origin of life, Darwin
shows that he does believe in a

The Theory Of Evolution And Adaptation
There are three major refutations against the design argument, first she designs argument is faulted for its weak analogy between the natural objects
and the objects that that is known to have a creator such as buildings. This is the equivalent of comparing apples to oranges. For the second refutation
the design argument claims that everything has a perfect design, this simply isn't the case. For example, we can examine the issues of starvation within
the United States, although the world is structured to perfectly provide food for humans, there still people starving because of imperfect circumstances
such as the inability to transport food to those who can`t receive it themselves (Tombs 7). The strongest and most accepted argument against the design
argument is the theory of evolution and adaptation. Those who support the theory of evolution and adaptation credits the perfect design of the aspects
to those two concepts. Artic Fish are an example of this adaption, they have developed a protein in their blood that prevent their blood from freezing
which allows them continue their metabolic functions (Lloyd 2). The finally argument against the design theory states that even if the premise of the
argument is true, its doesn't necessarily confirm the existence of God. The third argument of the existence of God is the ontological argument. Unlike
the cosmological and the design arguments the ontological argument does not attempt to seek evidence with in our physical

Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution Essay
Before the theory of evolution was a widespread theory in the world of science, Greek and Roman philosophers had their own theories about how
life came to its present state and where it was going from there. One theory at the time was that all organisms are reflections of a "perfect" form and
were coming closer to it all the time, although this was the less accepted theory even though it was closer to the truth proven hundreds of years after,
while another was that all things were simply places on Earth in their present form, common to modern day Creationism. Even after this, Darwin was
not the first to try explain evolution, he just provided convincing proof and published his ideas. The publishing of Darwin's Theory of Evolution was
While on the GalГЎpagos Islands, Darwin kept notebooks about all the species there, and he noticed the variety of tortoises on the island who were
essential in explaining his theory of evolution. There are several species of tortoise present on the GalГЎpagos Islands that are all very closely related,
but slightly different. There are eleven presently surviving subspecies of GalГЎpagos tortoises; furthermore, six of the eleven are found on different
islands in the archipelago, and the other five are all found on a single island on five separate volcanoes with their own mini–ecosystems (PNAS).
Although all of the species of GalГЎpagos tortoise is different, they each have small differences that can include maximum adult size, shell shape, and
the length of the neck and limbs. The tortoises of the islands are most closely related to the Chaco tortoises along the western coast of South America,
and they most likely came to the GalГЎpagos by "rafting" across the water (PNAS). Similar to the tortoises, Darwin observed that the Finches on the
islands also had changed to match the environment. Spread among the islands were fourteen subspecies of finch whose

The Theory Of Progressive Evolution

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The Theory Of Progressive Evolution