Tuskegee Airmen Research Paper

Tuskegee Airmen Research Paper
The battle of African Americans for more noteworthy parts in North American military clashes traverses four centuries. Open doors for African
American support in the U.S. military were continuously extremely constrained and dubious. Shares, avoidance, and racial segregation were based on
the common disposition in the United States, especially with respect to the U.S. military, that African Americans did not have the scholarly limit,
fitness, and aptitudes to be fruitful contenders. Political weight applied by the dark press, social equality bunches, verifiably dark schools and colleges,
and others, brought about the development of the Tuskegee Airmen, making them a fabulous case of the battle by African Americans to serve in the
United States military. In the mid 1940s, key pioneers inside the United States Army Air Corps (Army Air Forces) did not trust that African Americans
had the scholarly ability to wind up effective military pilots.Subsequent to succumbing to the weight applied by social liberties gatherings and dark
pioneers, the armed force chose to prepare a little number of African American pilot cadets under extraordinary conditions. Despite the fact that
partiality...show more content...
Demonstrated on the polished methodology of Chief Alfred Anderson, Benjamin O. Davis, and Daniel "Chappie" James, their execution prepared for
integration of the military, starting with President Harry S Truman's Executive Order 9981 in 1948. It additionally set the phase for common rights
upheld to proceed with the battle to end racial segregation amid the social equality development of the 1950s and 1960s. Subsequently, the account of
the Tuskegee Airmen constitutes an effective and fundamental illustration for the battle of dark opportunity in America.( "The Tuskegee Airmen: 5
Fascinating
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The Tuskegee Airmen: Play Analysis
Before World War II, African Americans were banned from joining the United States Air Force. An initiative known as the "Tuskegee Experiment"
trained the first ever African–American Air Force pilots. The elite and selected few to complete the program became known as the Tuskegee Airmen
("Tuskegee"). These Airmen fought battles on both fronts: Europe and back home, facing adversity in the form of racial discrimination in a divided
United States. In the 1940s, white Americans continued to ridicule and undermine their African American counterparts, especially in the military. The
Tuskegee Airmen served as an inspiration for civil rights because they proved the intelligence of African Americans, received little recognition during
their time, and...show more content...
However, the simple existence of the Tuskegee Experiment was a major civil rights milestone. Due to diligence protest and persistence from the
African American people, the United States government created the program in Tuskegee, Alabama to begin training African Americans as Air Force
Pilots. This inspired many aspects of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Through protests, rallies, and marches led by civil rights
advocates, President Lyndon B. Johnson was persuaded to sign the Civil Rights Act of 1964, finally granting African Americans their due rights. From
gaining the right to serve in the air force to the Civil Rights Act, the Tuskegee Airmen showed that civil resistance and persistence was the answer to
gaining civil

The Tuskegee Airmen of World War II
John C. Robinson, enrolled at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama and got his degree in Mechanics at only eighteen years old (Brownlee, R.A 2012).
When he returned a war hero from being the commander of the Ethiopian Air Force, he dreamed of having an aeronautical school at Tuskegee
(Brownlee). However, out of pure luck Tuskegee was chosen to be a part of the Civilian Pilot Training Program, even though Robinson didn't have a
hand in this and he was teaching at Keesler and Chanute Air Fields during World War II (Brownlee). He laid the foundation and standards for who
African American pilots were during World War II: well respected, and had excellent piloting and combat skills. Through his determination and
...show
more content...
Davis, who was the commander of the 99th fighter group, would become the commander of the 332nd group (Haulman, Dale L. 2010). In 1944, the
group went to Italy where the 99th squadron was, and they served under the fifteenth Air Force. According to Haulman, "[they were] given the primary
mission of escorting heavy bombers such as Boeing B–17s and Consolidated B–24s to their targets in southern, central, and eastern Europe"
(Haulman). Soon after spotting a warship on the Gulf of Venezia and Gulf of Trieste and shooting it down till it sunk, the next day the entire group
received the p–51 Mustangs that were faster and had a longer range in combat (Haulman). With this new equipment, the Tuskegee Airmen was one of
seven fighter groups selected to escort the heavy bombers of the Fifteenth Air Force (Haulman). The Tuskegee Airmen would rotate on escorting each
bomber wing, their fighter planes had a distinctive red tail on it, to identify that they were American and what their main mission was (Haulman).
During their time in the Fifteenth Air Force, Haulman reported they had encountered enemies 35 out of 311 missions that they completed for the
Fifteenth Air Force, and seven out of 172 heavy bomber missions, had been shot down my enemy aircraft (Haulman). Even during World War II,
Tuskegee Airmen shot down 112 enemy airplanes (Haulman), this is how well trained they fought together. According to Haulman "The 332d earned
another Distinguished Unit Citation [on top of what the 99th group received beforehand] for the only Fifteenth Air Force mission to Berlin, the
German capital. The raid took place on March 24, 1945. Three Tuskegee Airmen pilots each shot down a German Me–262 jet that day" (Haulman). Not
only is this a big feat for them because the

"From the last plane to the last bullet to the last minute to the last man – we fight. WE fight! We FIGHT!" by Joe Little. The Tuskegee Airmen also
known as the Red Tails were an all black fighter unit in World War two. That showed Bravery and heroism during World War two.
"The Tuskegee Airmen are called theTuskegee Airmen because they learned to fly near Tuskegee, Alabama" .The most important flying territory for
them is Molton Field they were taught to fly at Molton Field. After they learned to fly they got dispatched to Ramitelli Airfield in Italy. Although they
were looked down upon at home and overseas for the color of their skin. They also were expected to abort fighting. They flew their first mission on
May 30, 1943 flying worn out P–39 fighters for the 99th air force.
All the planes of the Tuskegee airmen had a symbol on their tails that was solid red tails which gave them the nickname Red Tails. The 332 fighter
group and its three units first used P–47s fighters but then traded them in for the P–51 mustang fighters which was the best United States Fighter plane.
The Red Tails flew many missions protecting B–17s and B–24s bombers they were chosen by many bomber units to protect them which were going
into deep enemy territory...show more content...
The Red Tails were transferred from 12th air force to 15th airforce. "the Red tails flew 179 bomber missions on only 7 of those were any escorted
bombers shot down by enemy aircraft". The Red Tails had three other units 99th 100th 301st and the 302nd. They fought two battles 1 at home with
racism and fought for the racist country. The Red Tails moved to ramitelli airfield. The most famous escort was an escort to berlin which three Red
Tails each shot a jet. The escort to Berlin would be the longest they would

Tuskegee Airmen Accomplishments
There are many influential people in history that do not get the recognition they deserve. Often times many critical and important events and names get
buried within the world's history, while others outshine them and take all the credit. For example, most people recognize Martin Luther King Jr. as a
major civil rights activist, but they tend to forget people like A. Phillip Randolph and Thurgood Marshall, even though one organized the walk to
Washington and the other also risked his life to get freedom for his people and wanted change. The same goes for the Tuskegee Airmen that fought for
this country at point in history. The Tuskegee Airmen were the firstAfrican American division that fought in the war by air warfare. They kept their
morale high even while facing segregation and racism from their leading officers and other divisions. Not only this, but their own country that they
were fighting for, did not have any respect for them.

The Tuskegee Airman Essay
The Tuskegee Airman For my term paper I chose the Tuskegee Airman. They will alway be the most influential air squadron during WWII. I think this
because there where a lot racist people that did not want them to succeed, but they did more than just succeed. They became the first black Air Force
pilots. It all started when President Roosevelt arranged a meeting in September 1940 with three African–American leaders and members of the Army
and Navy. During the meeting, the leaders emphasized three points:(1)equal opportunity for jobs in the defense industry, (2)impartial administration of
the new draftlaw, and (3)an opportunity for qualified blacks to learn to fly in desegrated units.*1*...show more content...
The two air fields were Moton Field and the Tuskegee Army Air Field(TAAF). About six miles from the fields was the town of Tuskegee. It was very
hostile toward blacks, especially its sheriff. At the TAAF base, very diverse entertainment was offered. Musicians such as Louis Armstrong and Lena
Horne, other celebrities like Joe Louis and the Camel Caravan Orchestra. The first trainer plane used by the squadron was the PT– 17.*4*It was a
biplane with unretractable landing gear. The instructor rode with the cadet during the first practice, whether the trainee knew how to fly or not.
Before the cadets could earn their wings, they had to complete three phases of the training. These were the primary, basic and advanced courses. In
the primary and basic, the cadets would have ground school classroom courses and flying lessons. In the advanced, the cadets would concentrate
on military flying. On September 2, 1941, Captain Benjamin O. Davis Jr. became the first black man to officially solo an aircraft as an officer of the
Army Air Corps.*5* A few days after Davis's solo flight on December 7,1941, in the midst of class 42C's training, the Japanese bombed the US Navy
base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. That next day the United States declared war, joining allies

The Tuskegee airmen
By jessie ruby
In the 1940s there was a experimentally group, that was created to test African Americans in planes to see if they would be helpful to the air
force.This new group was called the Tuskegee airmen and was made up of all African American pilots who all studied at the Tuskegee university.The
people who where in the Tuskegee airmen wouldn't be in the Tuskegee airmen project without the people of their past and how each African American
in the military impacted their future.
In the years before the Tuskegee airmen The only African Americans in theunited states military was slaves or very little freed slaves.The African
Americans during this time fought in many wars and battles, theses included the American revolution, war of1812,spanish American war plus many
other.Besides of being in conflicts some of the African American solder groups helped contribute to the creation of the Tuskegee airmen.The groups
who helped the most was the 54th Massachusetts infantry, buffalo soldiers,10th cavalry regiment and Harlem hell fighters because all of them either
helped protects white solders of the military or had amazing records of not leaving and helping out other parts that aren't military related.Also there
was a few African American solders who got the metal of honor for their bravery in the military, this would contribute to the creation of the Tuskegee
airmen because it shows how African Americans can fight even if they want to

The Tuskegee Airmen
The Tuskegee airmen, also known as the Red tails, were the first group of African–Americans pilots in the United States Military. These brave men
fought throughout World War II and became trailblazers for many aspiring black individuals. The Tuskegee airmen played a crucial role in defending
the nation in World War II, which occurred between September 1, 1939 to September 2, 1945. The men who took part in this historical event became
the first steps to the integration of the United States Military.The Tuskegee airmen were established due to "a combined effort of Tuskegee Institute and
the Alabama Air Service, [which was] a commercial flying operation at Montgomery's municipal airport." However, in order to legally conduct these
programs,...show more content...
As the war went on, many individuals were inspired by the 99th squadron and decided to join themselves, Consequently this led to the formation of the
332nd fighter group which consisted of "the 99th, 100th, 301st, and 302d Fighter Squadrons." These four squadrons were the only groups of
African–Americans to enter combat in World War II .By the end of war "996 pilots and more than 15,000 ground personnel who served with the
all–black units [to] be credited with some 15,500 combat sorties and earn over 150 Distinguished Flying Crosses for their achievements." In
Conclusion, the Tuskegee Airmen faced several obstacles to become who they are. In the detrimental time frame in American history when racism and
segregation existed, it took the brave men to step up and fight for equality in the military and the United States. The Tuskegee Airmen went through
many trials and tribulations to open the path to many more African–Americans to not only become pilots, but to strive for things that may seem
impossible and make a

The Tuskegee Air Force Study
In 1925, Army War College conducted a study which concluded that blacks were mentally inferior and "barely fit for combat." Throughout World
War I, African Americans had fought to show their patriotism, and worthiness of equal rights. They fought to win the respect of their white
neighbors. The thing they got in return wasn't equal rights, but a study saying that blacks weren't fit for combat. So when World War II came
around, blacks were very eager to join because they wanted to prove studies like the 1925 Army War College study wrong. Despite not only proving
the study wrong, but also being the best air force unit of World War II, the Tuskegee Airmen were still treated and looked upon as inferior by the very
people they fought to protect....show more content...
There was once a rumor that the Tuskegee Airmen never lost a bomber while escorting them. The truth is that the Tuskegee Airmen did lose bombers,
just not as many as other squadrons had. The typical air fleet lost 46 bombers, while the Tuskegee Airmen only lost 27. The Tuskegee Airmen were
also credited for sinking a German destroyer by only using machine guns. While this was not entirely true, the Tuskegee Airmen did in fact severely
damage the German torpedo boat, knocking it out of the war for good.
Lee Archer was undoubtedly the most famous of the Tuskegee Airmen. He was the only Tuskegee Airman to make ace, a highly sought after flying
achievement given to pilots that shoot down five or more enemy aircraft. At the time when Lee Archer made ace, documents showed that Lee Archer
only claimed to have shot down four enemy aircraft, and he and another pilot both claimed victory for shooting down a fifth aircraft. An investigation
many years later revealed that Lee Archer actually dealt the damage that destroyed the aircraft, and the Air Force declared him an

Tuskegee Airmen Research Paper Outline
Thesis: The Tuskegee Airmen were an elite group of the first African American pilots in the U.S. military.
I.The Tuskegee Airmen were the first black military pilots in the United States Army Air Corps (AAC).
A.Until this point, African Americans had assisted in wars, but were never officially part of the American military pilots.
B.Racism was still very strong and this kept the African Americans from even getting to help defend their own country. With the attack on Pearl
Harbor, hopes for a change in segregation arose and the military started the 'Tuskegee Experiment.'
II.The Tuskegee Airmen faced tremendous racial discrimination and segregation in the U.S. military.
A.All African Americans trained at a separate location from the whites, there were...show more content...
If anything, the harsh treatment that these pilots were given just fueled them to push themselves harder. This was a huge step forward for the African
American community away from segregation. Obviously, it was not an immediate result, but they were able to prove their capabilities and worth
through the Tuskegee Airmen.
III.The Tuskegee Airmen were not even allowed to 'seek and destroy', but were merely used as shields for the Caucasian bombers.
A.The Tuskegee Airmen were expected to protect the bombers from enemies while the bombers reached their destination and made it back home.
B.This was another form of discrimination and segregation because the Tuskegee Airmen were not even allowed to fight. They were only allowed to
be a target essentially. This was an attempt against the Tuskegee Airmen, but they used it to their advantage and ended up setting a new record for
never losing a bomber.
IV.The Tuskegee Airmen overcame racial segregation in theUnited States military.
A.The Tuskegee Airmen overcame racial segregation and became the most respected fighter groups of World War II.
B.These men provided a huge step forward for all of the African American community to a world more welcoming to their

Tuskegee Airmen And The Civil Rights Movement
Kyle Ondar
Dr. Adair
WGS 252
31, March 2017 Tuskegee Airmen Many people know of the story of the Tuskegee Airmen, they were the first African American Fighting group that
flew combat missions for the United States military in World War II. Throughout their time overseas they were breaking down racial barriers by
proving that colored men can fly a plane just as well as their white aviation counterparts. In order to get their chance to prove that they were able to
serve their country, many things had to go right before they were allowed to take their wheels off the ground. They faced constant discrimination but
because of that discrimination they were able to conquer the stereotypes and rise to become some of the most decorated...show more content...
This was a huge stop on the way to success of having the first class of recruits leave the airfields and move into combat. The wife of the president gave
encouragement and fully backed the Tuskegee Airmen and gave them determination and consequently the space to push out the first class of recruits.
Before this could happen there were a few problems on the camp that the recruits had to overcome. One of which being Colonel Von Kimble. As the
commanding officer on the base, he oversaw the day to day operations of the entire base including, the training regimen and schedule of the current
recruits. Von Kimble was a white man that was not very supportive of the program making it near impossible for expansion and advanced training to
occur on the base. Col. Edward Glenn makes the point in his interview with Studs Terkel that "even on the base in training the whites ate separately
then the blacks". Von Kimble kept tight to the law of the land Alabama and did not deviate from the mentality that the southerners had adopted
throughout the the decades.(Terkel) In December of 1942 Lt. Col. Parrish became the director of operations due to this, Von Kimble was relieved of
his duties. Lt. Col. Parrish was much more cognizant of segregation and pushed for a completely desegregated airfield. (Historynet) He refused to cut
corners and was determined to see the recruits as nothing more than trainees and not races. This determination and resilience helped to

Tuskegee Airmen Impact
The impact of the Tuskegee Airmen include that they bettered education, built confidence, expanded the army forces, and led to a stop of
discrimination. The Tuskegee Airmen were powerful, dedicated young men who became America's first black military. They came from a period where
they were thought of as lacking intelligence, skill, courage, and patriotism. Besides this opinion, they worked to prove that they were better than that.
Members came from various states across the U.S. including New York City, Washington, Los Angeles, Detroit, and Philadelphia. Each one possessed
determination to serve the United States Air Force at the best of his ability.
The Tuskegee Airmen were the first group of African–American men who had many impacts on people...show more content...
Frederick DOuglass Patterson, a veterinary scientist and the head of the college's School of Agriculture took over presidency at Tuskegee Institute.
Patterson urged African Americans at Tuskegee to seek greater opportunities in vocational education. He emphasized better education in trades and
programmatic acceptance of racial segregation. He wanted blacks to have access to the technologically advanced, high–paying jobs and prepare them
for careers as pilots. He bettered aviation mechanics, air traffic controllers, and flight instructors."By the end of the war, 992 men had graduated
from Negro Air Corps pilot training at Tuskegee; 450 were sent overseas for combat assignment. During the same period, about 150 lost their lives
while in training or on combat flights, and 32 were held as POWs by the Nazis." Despite the desire of seeing black men in the military forces, they
worked against this idea. The aviation worked hard, and tried to be the best they could be. They weren't afraid to face challenges. They received more
than 10,000 supporters during World War 2 because of their confidence. Their success in combat would show blacks and whites that blacks didn't lack
the duties of a citizen and therefore deserved citizenship and equal

The Tuskegee Airmen Essay
Uchenna Ekeh
Mrs. Reed
Composition and Reading
21 February 2012
The Red Tails: Their influence from the ground and up. Being the first of anything is never easy, especially when you are representing a whole race.
Knowing this, it was difficult for the Tuskegee Airmen, a.k.a. Red Tails for the red mark on the tail of their aircraft, to participate in World War II as
the first African–American pilots in history. They served from 1943–1945, collecting marvelous records and earning great respect for their
performance. But most importantly, the Red Tails helped attain equal rights for African
–Americans. The Tuskegee Airmen showed persistence in the
struggle to participate in the war, which set a precedent for colored–people, they showed...show more content...
The continuing inefficiencies caused by segregation so hampered the training efforts of the 477th that it never obtained full strength before the war's
end and was thus never assigned to combat."(McLaurin Melton 1032). Segregation was a major limiting factor of Black aviation, however, through
pressure from several directions, the American Air Force yielded and created one of the five fighter groups, which was a great advancement. When the
African–American fighter groups finally graduated from Tuskegee University, with great pride and courage, they proved that African–Americans are
capable of doing anything other can do. The Tuskegee Airmen graduated from Tuskegee University and formed 4 all
–black squadrons which would
merge to become the 332nd squadron in Spring of 1943. When they were given their first mission to strafe the island of Pantelleria, they did not fail.
In jaded, old P–39 and P–40 aircrafts, documented by the national museum of the United States Air Force, it is recorded at that same day, that the
Allies, "secured the Italian island of Pantelleria."("Davis leads the 99th into Combat"). It continues, stating," The unit scored its first aerial victory
against the Luftwaffe on July 2 when Lt. Charles B. Hall shot down a Focke Wulf Fw 190 on his eighth

Tuskegee Airman Essay
The Tuskegee airman were a group of African American pilots who fought in the Second World War. They are well known in history due to the fact of
their high success in missions and that they were the first squadron to be all Black. They fought stationed in both Italy and Germany and when the war
in Europe was over some of the squadron even fought in the pacific against the Japanese. When talking about the Tuskegee airmen not only are the
pilots considered a part but also everyone who helped them complete their missions including navigators, bombardiers, maintenance and support staff,
and instructors. The work that the Tuskegee airman did was invaluable to our country and helped progress the civil rights movement.
During early parts of American entry into World War 2 various newspapers and civil rights were pushing for an all
–African American squadron. Due to
the pressure in 1941 the air force opened a new squadron in the Tuskegee Air Fields in Alabama which is how they got their name. After their
training in Tuskegee they moved to Michigan to prepare more for the missions coming ahead. In 1943 the Tuskegee air squad was deployed in to Italy
to run simple missions for the US. Most of...show more content...
This is where they got their iconic name "The Red Tails". It was given to them due to the fact that other pilots would often identify the squadron's
planes red tails. They began to switch from the normal combat missions and began running bomber escort missions to escort large planes into
Germany from Italy. These missions were extremely dangerous considering how much of a strategical value it would have to intercept one of these
bombers flying over the coast. The red tails were so efficient on these carrier missions they only allowed 27 carriers to get shot down. This is way
above the average as other squadrons would normally allow 46 of the bombers they were escorting get shot

Tuskegee Airmen
The Tuskegee Airmen were very good pilots and became famous for doing excellent work. One of their jobs was keeping enemy fighter planes away
from heavy bombers. All the men who flew in the bombers were white. But the Tuskegee Airmen were so good at protecting bombers that bomber
crews started asking for the Red Tails to fly with them.

Essay On Tuskegee Airmen
Tuskegee Airmen The Tuskegee Airmen were the first all African American Airmen. Based in Tuskegee Alabama the term Tuskegee Airmen refers to
all involved in the Tuskegee Experience. That included pilots, navigators, all the personnel who kept that planes in the air, and all the support staff
instructors. Tuskegee Airmen were not commonly known until the late 1950's early 1960's during the Civil Rights movement. Many of the most
famous Fighter Groups were the 99th, the 100th, the 301st, and the 302nd. The Airmen flew P–51 Mustangs and escorted American B–17's and B–24's.
They struggled in the beginning of their careers because of the racial tension in America. Many Officers were incarcerated because they resisted
segregation. Most of the times they were...show more content...
So many groups painted designs on there tail wings so they know the difference. The Tuskegee painted their wings red that gave them the nicknames
Red Tails. They went from being unwanted to being requested. General Colin Powel, former Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff and stated "The
Tuskegee Airmen served a nation not willing to serve them" The Airman had to deal with the segregation, the racism, and discrimination while serving
for their country. The men you became the Tuskegee Airman came from all over. The main numbers came from New York City, Washington, Los
Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Detroit, every person wanting to serve the country they call their home. many of these men learned to fly double
or single engine planes but they were the best at it. "Lieutenant Gynne Peirson in the 302nd Fighter squadron used only 50 caliber machine guns,
strafed and sunk the only destroyer that the Airman ever sank." The Airmen never lost a single bomber that they

Tuskegee Airman Essay
In the hard times of 1940, who knew what would be a good idea for world war two. Such as a distinctive group called the Tuskegee Airman. The
Tuskegee Airmen was an African American experiment originated in Tuskegee Alabama. The Airman were made up of three squadrons with about 30
fighters that made up the experiment. This was so because the United States did not believe that African American pilots could be capable of flying
planes of war and strategy .The groups were the 332nd fighter group and the 477th bomber squadron. They believe that African American would run
away from a fight and act cowardly. According to the Air Force Commission offices at the time. The first cadet class began in July 1940 and went for
nine months to March of 1941. By 1942 the experiment was turned into a base...show more content...
But before that they received more training in French Morocco before their first really important mission. On June 2 1943 a attack by the germans
on pantelleria island, a italian island over the the mediterranean sea. The mission was for the Airman to supply cover for the boomers to get to
their targets and back. In the whole wave process the Americans did not lose any planes to the German Fighters.After the great progress during this
time the united states started three more squadrons. The last Tuskegee captain Milford Craig died this month in California he was great fighter
during the war. Also another veteran Vernon Joseph Backer received the Medal of Honor which is the largest and highest honor and person can be
giving for his great actors in World War 2. But a really there are two important man that stand out and that's captain Benjamin O. Davis Jr. He was
one of the first officers in the Air Force as a black African American. Also he was commanded by major James Ellison which is also one of the first
African American

Tuskegee Airman's Impact On African Americans
332nd and 447th
The 332nd Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces weren't thought of as people who can accomplish
something. Since they were all African American, it was the first of its kind. If anything, the main thing was help protect America, and make history
doing it. It wasn't just African American pilots either. You cannot forget the other African American's who helped them along the way. They had the
navigators, bombardiers, mechanics, instructors, crew chiefs, nurses, cooks and other support personnel for the pilots. Even with all these people, the
government still doesn't think that they should be given up to date equipment. Despite being allowed weapons to help protect their home, they had
...show more content...
As I was talking about before, they did their jobs efficiently and responsibly, which gave them chances to do even better jobs to then lead them to
where they are at now in history. All they did was protect their country in its time of need and be the first ones to do it in their skin color, culture, and
heritage, despite all that they went through. They lost many people along the way, but in the end, there sacrifice was what made it possible for
America to still be as it is now. Doing what they needed to do was what helped them make history. One of those who helped make their history

Research Paper On Tuskegee Airmen
When I was in middle school, I had the fortune of meeting Lieutenant Calvin Spann, one of the original Tuskegee Airmen at my city public library.
Lieutenant Spann discussed his adventures as pilot in World War II, the racism he encountered while serving and when he returned home, and how
important it is to obtain an education. Prior to attending the presentation, I knew very little about the heroic story of the Tuskegee Airmen. After
attending the presentation, I was inspired to find out more about this amazing time in history and these amazing men. When I saw that this essay topic
was entitled, "If not for them...where would we be?", I knew the answer for me was the Tuskegee Airmen because of the impact they had on the lives
of African Americans....show more content...
Truman entered an executive order directing equal treatment and opportunity in the Armed Forces, which ended racial segregation, but not racism. The
Tuskegee Airmen proudly accepted their mission. Their unwavering patriotism, coupled with their outstanding accomplishments, paved the way for
historic change in the efforts to achieve racial equality.
Since the inception of the Tuskegee program, 2,483 persons were admitted as pilot trainees. Only 996 pilots in 44 classes graduated from the
Tuskegee Institute. Of the pilots that graduated, 352 were deployed to Europe for combat. 84 Red Tails lost their lives while fighting overseas during
World War II. The Tuskegee Airmen flew a total of 1578 missions, had 112 aerial kills, and received numerous awards and recognition. The Tuskegee
Army Field closed on August 20, 1946.
On September 6, 2015, Lieutenant Calvin Spann died at his home in McKinney, Texas, where he lived to be close to his daughter, Dr. Carla Spann.
Lieutenant Spann's obituary detailed his accomplishments as a fighter pilot, including flying in 26 combat missions. Also mentioned was Lieutenant
Spann's encouragement for young people to value an education. I remember when Lieutenant Spann told those in the library audience, including
myself, how important education was and not to take it lightly. His words inspired me to do well in school, especially math and

Tuskegee Airmen Research Paper

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