4. What is Deductive Logic? A simple combination of two words www.wordpandit.com
5. What is Deductive Logic? A simple combination of two words Deductive + Logic Deductive Logic www.wordpandit.com
6. What is Deductive Logic? A simple combination of two words Deductive + Logic Deductive Logic Adjective form for deduce, meaning ‘to arrive at a fact/result’ In layman terms, the funda/ reasoning behind a concept www.wordpandit.com
7. Thus, Deductive Logic is nothing else but a method of arriving at a conclusion! www.wordpandit.com
9. Terms in Deductive Logic All men are dogs. A fact/premise Provided to us All dogs are naughty www.wordpandit.com
10. Terms in Deductive Logic All men are dogs. A fact/premise Provided to us The conclusion We arrive at! All dogs are naughty Thus, all men are naughty. www.wordpandit.com
12. Guru Mantras for Deductive Logic In logic, we assume FACTS Given to us as True! www.wordpandit.com
13. Guru Mantras for Deductive Logic In logic, we assume FACTS Given to us as True! The result obtained Should be true and…. www.wordpandit.com
14. Guru Mantras for Deductive Logic In logic, we assume FACTS Given to us as True! The result obtained Should be true and…. And should be Always true, That is consistent! www.wordpandit.com
15. Syllogisms -part 1 Observing how words Such as some, all and no Function in a statement www.wordpandit.com
23. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B ‘Some’ would mean what? Atleast 1 A is not B? Few A are B? At least 1 A is B? www.wordpandit.com
24. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B ‘Some’ would mean what? Atleast 1 A is not B? Few A are B? At least 1 A is B? Means the same as Some A are B This would actually mean ‘Some A are NOT B’ If this is not true, then No A is B www.wordpandit.com
25. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B Some A are B: Venn diagram approach Set representation of Some A are B Set A Set B www.wordpandit.com
26. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B Some A are B: Venn diagram approach Set representation of Some A are B Set A Set B But is this ALL we can do with Some A are B??? www.wordpandit.com
27. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B Some A are B can be represented in the following ways: Set A Set B www.wordpandit.com
28. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B Some A are B can be represented in the following ways: Set A=Set B Set A Set B www.wordpandit.com
29. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B Some A are B can be represented in the following ways: Set A=Set B Set A Set B Set B Set A www.wordpandit.com
30. Forms Of Premise CASE 3: Some A are B Some A are B can be represented in the following ways: Set A=Set B Set A Set B Set A Set B Set A Set B www.wordpandit.com
32. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B If ‘Some A are B’= ‘Atleast 1A is B’ then ‘Some A are not B’ simply equals to? www.wordpandit.com
33. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B If ‘Some A are B’= ‘Atleast 1A is B’ then ‘Some A are not B’ simply equals to? ‘Atleast 1A is not B’ www.wordpandit.com
34. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B Some A are not B can be represented in the following ways: Set A Set B www.wordpandit.com
35. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B Some A are not B can be represented in the following ways: Set A Set B Set B Set A www.wordpandit.com
36. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B Some A are not B can be represented in the following ways: Set A Set B Set B Set A Set B Set A www.wordpandit.com
37. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B Some A are not B can be represented in the following ways: Set A=Set B Set A Set B Set B Set A Set B Set A www.wordpandit.com
38. Forms Of Premise CASE 4: Some A are not B Some A are not B can be represented in the following ways: Set A=Set B Set A Set B Set B Set A Set A Set B Set A Set B www.wordpandit.com
39. Logical Consistency -part 2 Introducing logic into Statements with the Help of conditionals such As if, only and either/or! www.wordpandit.com
40. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: www.wordpandit.com
41. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: www.wordpandit.com
42. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: 1. Sachin scores a 100. www.wordpandit.com
43. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. www.wordpandit.com
44. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match www.wordpandit.com
45. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin may or may not score a 100. 2. India wins the match www.wordpandit.com
46. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin may or may not score a 100. 2. India wins the match 3. Sachin does not score a 100. www.wordpandit.com
47. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin may or may not score a 100. 2. India wins the match India may or may not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. www.wordpandit.com
48. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin may or may not score a 100. 2. India wins the match India may or may not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. 4. India does not win the match. www.wordpandit.com
49. Case 1: If, When , Whenever What happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever? Have a look: India wins if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin may or may not score a 100. 2. India wins the match India may or may not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. Sachin did not score a 100. 4. India does not win the match. The ‘If condition’ ,in other words, is a sufficient condition for the effect to happen. www.wordpandit.com
50. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: www.wordpandit.com
51. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: www.wordpandit.com
52. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: 1. Sachin scores a 100. www.wordpandit.com
53. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. www.wordpandit.com
54. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match www.wordpandit.com
55. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match www.wordpandit.com
56. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match 3. Sachin does not score a 100. www.wordpandit.com
57. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match India did not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. www.wordpandit.com
58. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match India did not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. 4. India does not win the match. www.wordpandit.com
59. Case 2: Only If, Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when? Have a look: India wins only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match India did not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. Sachin may or may not score a 100. 4. India does not win the match. The ‘Only If condition’ ,in other words, is a necessary condition for the effect to happen. www.wordpandit.com
60. Case 3: If & Only If, When & Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘if & only if’? Have a look: www.wordpandit.com
61. Case 3: If & Only If, When & Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘if & only if’? Have a look: India wins if & only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: 1. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match 3. Sachin does not score a 100. 4. India does not win the match. www.wordpandit.com
62. Case 3: If & Only If, When & Only When What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘if & only if’? Have a look: India wins if & only if Sachin scores a 100. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match 1. Sachin scores a 100. Sachin scores a 100. 2. India wins the match India did not win the match. 3. Sachin does not score a 100. Sachin did not score a 100. 4. India does not win the match. The ‘If & Only If condition’ ,in other words, is a mixture of the first two cases. www.wordpandit.com
63. Case 4: Either A or B What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘Either A or B’? Have a look: www.wordpandit.com
64. Case 4: Either A or B What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘Either A or B’? Have a look: Either I am in eating food or watching TV. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: www.wordpandit.com
65. Case 4: Either A or B What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘Either A or B’? Have a look: Either I am in eating food or watching TV. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: I am watching TV. 1. I am not eating food. I am eating food. 2. I am not watching TV. www.wordpandit.com
66. Case 4: Either A or B What happens when we use conditionals such as ‘Either A or B’? Have a look: Either I am in eating food or watching TV. Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: I am watching TV. 1. I am not eating food. I am eating food. 2. I am not watching TV. I may or may not be eating food. 3. I am watching TV. I may or may not be watching TV. 4. I am eating food. This is a tricky one. Read the notes carefully. www.wordpandit.com
67. Thank You!Hope you had a pleasantlearning experience.Feel free to contact us:admin@wordpandit.com www.wordpandit.com