The journal which is multi-disciplinary in nature, aims to inspire robust intellectual and scholarly debates, theorizing and research on issues in the gamut of the social and management sciences. The journal aims at the promotion of innovative research in the field of social and management sciences as well as providing a platform for the sharing and dissemination of information between the academic, professionals and business world. Each issue of the journal is designed to inform researchers and practising managers and policy makers on current and emerging developments in the social and management sciences and their practical applications to problems of the global world. Papers are carefully selected to provide readers with analytical, application-oriented approach to managerial problems.

1. Jalingo Journal of Social And Management Sciences Volume 1, issue 2 April , 2019
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2. Jalingo Journal of Social And Management Sciences Volume 1, issue 2 April , 2019
ii
EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Editor-In-Chief: Dr Emeka D. Oruonye, (Ass. Prof.) Department of
Geography, Taraba State University, Jalingo.
Editor: Dr Chiakaan G. Jacob, Department of Mass
Communication, Taraba State University, Jalingo.
Deputy Editor: Dr Isah Adamu Ardo, Department of Business
Administration,
Taraba State University, Jalingo.
Associate Editors: Dr Jev Amos Asongo, Department of Public
Administration, Taraba State University, Jalingo.
Dr Nyame Jerome, Department of Business
Administration, Taraba State University, Jalingo.
Dr. Yahaya S.Emeje, Department of Economic, Taraba
State University, Jalingo
Secretary: Iornumbe Gabriel Yina, Department of Political Science
Taraba State University, Jalingo

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EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
i. Prof Abdulsalem Dept of Business Administration, Adamawa State
University, Mubi
ii. Prof Sam Tende Dept of Mass Communication, Nasarawa State University,
Keffi
iii. Prof Mrs Madueme, I.S. Dept of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
iv. Prof Umaru Pate Dept of Mass Communication, Bayero University, Kano
v. Prof Ada Okau Dept of Sociology, Kogi State University, Anyigba
vi. Prof Abbas Bashir Dept of Geography, Modibbo Adama University of
Technology, Yola
vii. Prof John Sambe Dept of Mass Communication, Veritas University, Abuja
viii. Prof David Irefin Dept of Economics Federal University, Lokoja
ix. Prof Terkura Tarnande Dept of Political Science, Benue State University, Makurdi
x. Prof Ayuba Hakuna Kuje Dept of Geography, Nasarawa State University, Keffi
xi. Dr. Vitalis Torwell Dept of Mass Communication, Benue State University,
Makurdi

4. Jalingo Journal of Social And Management Sciences Volume 1, issue 2 April , 2019
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EDITORIAL NOTE
The Jalingo Journal of Social and Management Sciences (ISSN 2659-0131) is a bi-annual
peer-review publication of the Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, Taraba State
University, Jalingo.
AIM AND SCOPE
The journal which is multi-disciplinary in nature, aims to inspire robust intellectual and
scholarly debates, theorizing and research on issues in the gamut of the social and
management sciences. The journal aims at the promotion of innovative research in the field
of social and management sciences as well as providing a platform for the sharing and
dissemination of information between the academic, professionals and business world.
Each issue of the journal is designed to inform researchers and practising managers and
policy makers on current and emerging developments in the social and management
sciences and their practical applications to problems of the global world. Papers are
carefully selected to provide readers with analytical, application-oriented approach to
managerial problems.

5. Jalingo Journal of Social And Management Sciences Volume 1, issue 2 April , 2019
v
GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS
1. All papers meant for any issue should be submitted on or before 31st
March for April
issue and 30th
August for September issue.
2. Only papers not previously published or under consideration for publication elsewhere
will be considered for publication.
3. Papers submitted should be accompanied by an abstract of not more than 250 words
with at least six key words. The papers should not exceed 8000 words (including
references) and should be typed using Times New Roman style, 12 font size and
double line spacing. The references must be presented in accordance with the 6th
edition of APA.
4. All manuscripts must have the title of the paper, name of the author(s), institutional
affiliation, GSM No and email address and should be submitted to
eoruonye@gmail.com, gchiakaan@yahoo.comand iornumbegabriel@yahoo.com
5. Authors will be required to pay a non-refundable fee of N5000 for assessment upon
submission of the paper. If a paper is found worthy of publication, the author will be
expected to pay a publication fee of N20, 000 only. All payments should be made into
the journals account with Zenith Bank Plc, Jalingo Branch: Acc. Name: Jalingo
Journal of Social and Management Sciences, Acc. No. 1015953013.
6. All published papers can be accessed online via the journal’s website.
https://www.tsuniversity.edu.ng/faculty-of-social-and-management-sciences
7. Authors of published papers are entitled to one hard copy

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. An Assessment of the Impact of Livestock Grazing on Riparian
Ecosystem along Gongola River, Dadin Kowa Yamaltu/Deba
Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria
Lazarus A. Mbaya, Oruonye, E. D.
1-16
2. The Influence of Drainage Basin Morphometry and Runoff Rate
on Vulnerability to Gully Erosion in Wadata Catchment Area,
Makurdi Local Government, Benue State. Godwin Akaayar
Songu, Salemkaan Aloysius Iorkua, Emmanuel Efobe Ndoma
and Samaila Buba
17- 32
3. Analysis of Gully Erosion in Tumfure, Gombe Urban, Gombe
State, Nigeria John Abdullahi, Nggada, S.T.
33- 47
4. Causes and Impact of Farmers-Pastoralist’ Conflict in Fika
Local Government Area of Yobe State, North Eastern Region,
Nigeria. Adamu Saleh Usman, Ali Umaru and Abdullahi Mele
Katuzu,
48- 59
5. A Historical Account of the Scourge of Kidnapping in Nigeria:
Implication on National Security. Ahmed Tanimu Mahmoud,
PhD, Zubairu Ibrahim, Aliyu Mustapha
60- 71
6. Interrogating Challenges of Sectarianism, Terrorism and Socio-
Economic Development of Nigeria. Amos Asongo Jev, Henry
Yenda,Mr Samaliya Sule
72- 98
7. An Assessment of the Taliban Insurgency in Afghanistan (2001-
2018) Julius Ngomba ,Angela Ajodo-Adebanjoko,
99- 114
8. The Philosophy and Theological Ideas of Martin Luther as a
Prelude to Protestant Reformation Ibrahim Bashir Aminu,
Isaac Iorhen Akuva,
115- 129
9. Moderating Effect of Audit Quality on the Relationship between
Corporate Board Characteristics and Corporate Environmental
Information Disclosure in Nigeria: A Theoretical Framework
Proposal.
Zephaniah Liuraman and Ishaya John Dabari
130- 143

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10. Impact of Foreign Capital Inflows and Foreign Exchange Rate
on Stock Market Returns. Helen Afang Andow, Adams Audu
144- 161
11. Development Implications of Social Capital among the Igede of
Central Nigeria. Comfort Erima Ugbem
162- 178
12. Discourse on the Social Responsibility of Journalists and
Societal Development. Bello Sani,
179- 185
13. Influence of Occupational Stress and Procedural Justice on
Organizational Commitment Among Teachers of Selected
Secondary Schools in Makurdi Metropolis. Chinelo Helen
Ogwuche, Akor Uji , Joseph Ianna Nyam, Terngu Solomon
Shagher
186- 195
14. The Impact of Training and Development on Employees’
Performance in an Organization: A Study of the Federal
Character Commission of Nigeria. Hamzat Hamisu Yakubu,
Umar Abdulwahab, Tifiti Johnson, Danjuma Yusuf
196- 214
15. 7 Billboard Advertisements and Religious Evangelism among
Pentecostal Churches in Makurdi Urban Caleb Terngu
Chile,Tarer B. Utor
215- 233
16. Political Parties and Electoral Process in the Consolidation of
Democracy in Nigeria. Amos Asongo Jev, Hamzat Hamisu
Yakub, Ladi Yusuf Manda
234- 248