The document discusses two topics: corporate human rights abuses and human rights during economic crises. For corporate human rights abuses, it describes recent reports exposing labor abuses in Thailand's seafood industry and a landslide in China caused by unsafe waste dumping by corporations. For human rights during economic crises, it discusses the ongoing economic crisis in Greece and resulting violations of human rights like lack of healthcare and high unemployment.
3. Costanza Cicero
Secretary-General
University of Bologna
Shaan Pattni
Director-General
Pennsylvania State University
Jinny Jung
Conference Director
University of Michigan
Zach Hauser
Director of Security
Pomona College
Maunica Malladi
Chief of External Relations
University of Alabama
Jennifer Padilla
Chief of Staff
University of Southern California
Kevin Burchill
Chief of Administrative Affairs
George Washington University
Nicholas Rigler
Under-Secretary-General
University of Washington
Elettra Di Massa
Under-Secretary-General
City University London
Joy Cui
Under-Secretary-General
University of Pittsburgh
Meghan Agostinelli
Under-Secretary-General
Georgetown University
Nika Arzoumanian
Under-Secretary-General
New York University
Elliot Weiss
Under-Secretary-General
Brown University
NHSMUN is a project of the
International Model United Nations
Association, Incorporated (IMUNA).
IMUNA, a not-for-profit, all volunteer
organization, is dedicated to furthering
global issues education at the secondary
school level.
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MODEL UNITED NATIONS
2 March 2016 – 5 March 2016
February 2016
Dear Delegates,
I am incredibly excited to be welcoming you to NHSMUN 2016 and the Social, Cultural, and
Humanitarian Committee (SOCHUM)! My name is Aisha Rashid and I will be your Assistant
Director this year. This will be my second time attending National High School Model United
Nations, but my first as a staffer! In 2013, I represented the People’s Republic of China in
UNESCO.
I am from East Brunswick, New Jersey, where I participated in East Brunswick Model UN for
three years. I competed on my school’s Constitutional Debate team and represented the State
of New Jersey last spring at the We the People Competition in Washington D.C. Currently, I
am a freshman at Carnegie Mellon University, double majoring in Technical Writing and
Biology on the Pre-Medical track. Outside of the classroom, I work for Public Relations in the
School of Computer Science, am part of a South Asian Acapella group, and volunteer at the
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center! I am an avid reader and writer, and very interested
Edgar Allan Poe.
As this is my first year on staff, I am super thrilled to watch you all explore, discuss, and
address our two topics: Corporate Human Rights Abuses and Human Rights During Times of
Economic Crisis. As corporations all over the world become more globalized due to the rapid
increase in population and productivity, so do the occurrences of human rights abuse. In
committee, you will be required to consider various different factors that are related to
corporate human rights abuses, from the role states and governments play in protecting the
rights of citizens and workers, to the influence international corporations can have over one
another with regards to maintaining rules and following regulations.
The Update Paper enclosed is intended to provide you with the newest information on our
topics and also provide you with sources to give your research a more current edge in the time
leading up to the conference. If you have any questions whatsoever, please feel free to send us
an e-mail! Good luck with your research! See you all very soon!
Sincerely,
Aisha Rashid
Assistant Director, SOCHUM
@NHSMUN_SOCHUM
4. Costanza Cicero
Secretary-General
University of Bologna
Shaan Pattni
Director-General
Pennsylvania State University
Jinny Jung
Conference Director
University of Michigan
Zach Hauser
Director of Security
Pomona College
Maunica Malladi
Chief of External Relations
University of Alabama
Jennifer Padilla
Chief of Staff
University of Southern California
Kevin Burchill
Under-Secretary-General of
Administrative Affairs
George Washington University
Nicholas Rigler
Under-Secretary-General
University of Washington
Elettra Di Massa
Under-Secretary-General
City University London
Joy Cui
Under-Secretary-General
University of Pittsburgh
Meghan Agostinelli
Under-Secretary-General
Georgetown University
Nika Arzoumanian
Under-Secretary-General
New York University
Elliot Weiss
Under-Secretary-General
Brown University
NHSMUN is a project of the
International Model United Nations
Association, Incorporated (IMUNA).
IMUNA, a not-for-profit, all volunteer
organization, is dedicated to furthering
global issues education at the secondary
school level.
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MODEL UNITED NATIONS
2 March 2016 – 5 March 2016
February 2016
Dear Delegates,
I’m so excited to welcome all of you to NHSMUN 2016 and SOCHUM! My name is Rahim
Mama and this is my second time attending NHSMUN, fifth overall conference, but first time
being a staffer. When I was a delegate at my first NHSMUN conference, I was on DISEC. I
learned a lot and had an amazing experience!
I am from Storrs, Connecticut (go Huskies), and I graduated from E.O. Smith High School
where I was a member of my school's Model UN club. Currently, I am a freshman at
Plymouth State University where I study finance, economics, and political science. I also play
on the university's basketball team. Outside of the classroom, I love listening to to music and
travelling.
I am very excited to see all of you put your minds together to come up with practical solutions
to the complex issues presented to you, all while practicing your oratory and problem solving
skills. Both of the topics we have in this committee are very engaging!
Human rights and economic crisis are two issues that have long coexisted. Often times during
economic crisis, social infrastructure falls apart and citizens suffer significantly. Additionally, as
we advance through the 21st century, it is pivotal that we begin to ensure that these human
rights are fully protected. Through constructive debate, this committee will surely come up
with practical solutions to the issues at hand.
Aisha and I have written Update Papers for each of our committee’s topics; they serve as
resources for the most current developments as well as provide you with sources for your own
research. We encourage you to read current events relevant to both topics before the
conference; being informed with the most up to date information enhances debate!
If there are any questions that you have pertaining to anything you’ve read, or anything you’re
unclear on, do not be afraid to reach out to us!
Sincerely,
Rahim Mama
Assistant Director, SOCHUM
@NHSMUN_SOCHUM
5. NHSMUN 2016
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TOPIC A: CORPORATE HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES
UPDATE PAPER
Many corporations are complicit in violating both human and environmental rights across the world.
As the free trade market continues to push the global economy forward, holding corporations
accountable for their poor and manipulative practices becomes incredibly difficult. Globalization has
pushed companies farther from their home states, weakening the state’s ability to safeguard or even
know the conditions in which their products are made.1
In November 2015, the New York Times released a report by Nestlé on the seafood industry in
Thailand, which suffers from widespread labor and human rights abuses.2
The report exposed
virtually all American and European companies that bought seafood from the world’s third-largest
seafood exporter. The report drew attention to the fundamental human rights abuses caused by
seafood corporations within their supply chain, cataloguing deceptive recruitment practices,
hazardous working conditions, and violence on fishing boats and in processing factories.3
The
industry also neglected its responsibility to ensure that workers were legally old enough to work in
the industry.
Most of these seafood workers are migrants from neighboring states like Cambodia and Myanmar,
brought into Thailand by traffickers, and provided with fake documents before being sold to boat
captains.4
Corporations further violated the human rights of these workers as they were transported
on fish boats—workers had limited access to medical care for injuries or infection, worked 16-hour
days for seven days a week, endured chronic sleep deprivation, and received an insufficient supply of
water for drinking, showering, and cooking.5
The greatest abuse of workers’ rights occurred on the
job, and as one Burmese worker told the Times that when workers die on the job, they get thrown
into the water. Most of them die as a result of poorly functioning equipment and a lack of regulating
the weight carried by nets. Workers additionally were denied wages, many working for a year before
receiving any wages, and further faced physical and verbal abuse if production quotas were not met.6
Nestlé declared that it would announce new requirements for all potential suppliers as well as details
of a plan for hiring auditors to check for compliance with new rules in 2016.7
Since Nestlé is the
world’s biggest food company, the report says that as a leader, it could have a positive impact on the
whole industry by raising the bar on labor protection. In January 2016, a European Union delegation
went to Thailand to investigate whether the country has made progress in tackling the illegal fishing
1 Margaret Junk, “Why Do We Know so Little about Corporate Human Rights Abuses?” Huffington Post, last modified 2
Dec. 2015, accessed 29 Dec. 2015.
2 Ian Urbina, “Nestlé Reports on Abuses in Thailand’s Seafood Industry,” New York Times, last modified 23 Nov. 2015,
accessed 25 Jan. 2016.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Urbina, “Nestlé Reports on Abuses in Thailand’s Seafood Industry.”
6 Ibid.
7 Oliver Holmes, “EU Investigators to Decide on Thai Seafood Fishing Industry.” Guardian, last modified 20 Jan. 2016,
accessed 25 Jan. 2016.
6. NHSMUN 2016
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industry to avoid a ban on seafood products.8
This has been the most high-profile action taken by
the EU against illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing since 2010 regulations against such
practices. Special task force units comprising several agencies were set up to inspect vessels and
enforce the law, and so far, out of nearly 500 inspected vessels, 90 have been found to have violated
the law.9
SOCHUM delegates should consider upcoming reports by the EU as investigations
continue in Thailand and should address the role of companies and the Thai government in
confronting the larger problem of human trafficking, in order to counter widespread abuses of
workers.
Another case of corporate human rights abuses came to light on 20 December 2015, when a pile of
construction waste stored on a hillside slid down in an avalanche of mud and debris in Shenzhen,
China.10
The landslide destroyed 33 buildings and covered an area greater than 25 acres in the
District of Shenzhen. According to an environmental impact report, the construction dump on the
outskirts of Shenzhen was prone to dangerous erosion.11
However, the alarms received little
attention until the accumulation of building waste collapsed, burying homes and factories. Liang
Jianping, a migrant worker, told the New York Times that there were no safety assurances. These
conditions existed even when company officials had visited the site and were aware of how terrible
they were.12
This already violates Article 23 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as
workers were not granted “just and favorable conditions of work.” These hazards were created by
China’s once breathless sprint for prosperity—a hallmark of Shenzhen’s corporate and economic
expansion. The city of Shenzhen has been transformed since the 1980s, with each phase of
economic growth bringing a fresh wave of building, demolition, and encroachment on farmland.
Construction waste has been an unwelcome byproduct of that transformation process, and China’s
management of the massive amounts of dirt, broken concrete, and other materials is far weaker.13
This was not only a violation of environmental rights, but by claiming farmland and establishing
industries, this economic expansion uprooted previous settlements of farms, enabling corporations
to claim ownership over the residence of many individuals.
In Guangming New District, the establishment of dump sites near former quarries was seen as a
solution to the problem of waste being illegally dumped throughout the city in 2013. Currently,
Shenzhen has at least eight sites that receive construction waste, with the dumpsite operators making
money on each load received, creating an incentive for high intake and thus a disregard for
restrictions.14
Delegates in SOCHUM should consider how to compromise and negotiate with
corporations that take part in subcontracting, and to facilitate means of obtaining accurate and
relevant information about such business transactions.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid.
10 Chris Buckley and Austin Ramzy, “Before Shenzhen Landslide, Many Saw Warning Signs As Debris Swelled,” New
York Times, last modified 22 Dec. 2015, accessed 28 Dec. 2015,
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/23/world/asia/landslide-shenzhen-china.html.
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid.
13 "China Landslide: Stories of Survival in Shenzhen - BBC News," BBC News, last modified 22 Dec. 2015,
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-35157999.
14 Ibid.
7. NHSMUN 2016
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Black market labor conditions, human trafficking, and government corruption are specifically
designed to avoid detection, and thus it becomes difficult to know where human rights violations
occur on a global level. In early 2016, Amnesty International and Afrewatch both brought attention
to human rights abuses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s (DRC) cobalt trade, where
children and adults work in unsafe mining conditions.15
The report, titled, “This is What We Die
For,” includes a lengthy and detailed analysis of cobalt mining in the DRC, and the human rights
conditions in those mining operations, including the health risks and dangers associated with
artisanal cobalt mining and the prevalence of the worst forms of child labor in these operations.
Amnesty International’s investigation shows the tedious subcontracting under Chinese mineral giant
Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Ltd and how its subsidiary Congo Dongfang Mining processes the cobalt
before selling it to three battery component manufacturers in China and South Korea. In turn, they
sell to battery makers supplying technology and car companies, including Apple, Microsoft,
Samsung, Sony, Daimler and Volkswagen.16
Covering the lack of regulation and numerous human
rights violations committed by the DRC’s cobalt industry becomes much easier when cobalt trade is
intertwined with technologies trades. It was not until recent 2016 that investigations revealed the
deaths of at least 80 artisanal miners in southern DRC between September 2014 and December
2015 alone, as miners face the risk of long-term health damage and a high risk of fatal accidents.17
Delegates must identify that these information gaps result in a lack of systematic, up-to-date
information on which countries have the highest rates of child labor, which companies violate safe
working condition regulations, and which companies subcontract one another in order to make it
difficult to point fingers at corporations for abusing basic human rights.
15 Dynda A. Thomas, “Cobalt and Conflict Minerals,” National Law Review, last modified 25 Jan. 2016, accessed 27 Jan.
2016.
16 Ibid.
17 Dynda A. Thomas, “Cobalt and Conflict Minerals.”
8. NHSMUN 2016
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TOPIC B: HUMAN RIGHTS IN TIME OF ECONOMIC
CRISIS
UPDATE PAPER
Over the past few months, there have been significant developments concerning economic crises
and the violation of human rights. More specifically, the Greek economic crisis, which began in
2010, is still occurring and only getting worse. It has served as an example of how violations of
human rights and economic crises sadly coexist.
In December 2015, Greek national debt was measured at 175% of their Gross Domestic Product
(GDP), their unemployment rate at 25%, and their GDP having dropped 26%.18
Additionally, a
study conducted by foreign debt and human rights expert Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky concluded that
about 2.5 million Greek citizens are without health care, youth unemployment is around 47.9%, and
approximately 37.6 million Greek citizens are considered at risk of poverty and social exclusion.19
Oftentimes during economic crisis, countries are given loans by allies and creditors in efforts to
offer some economic stimulus to the country. These dollars go to the places that are most in need of
economic stimulation. Bohoslavsky claims that, in order for Greece to succeed in the realm of
human rights, it needs to allocate some of its debt relief dollars to areas that would aid social growth;
this is not completely the case right now. Article 22 of the Human Rights Declaration states that
each member of a society is entitled to social security. It is crucial that any country maintain strong
social security infrastructure because it ensures that those who may not be able to support
themselves fully are supported. Currently, the Greek social security infrastructure is in a state of
disarrayed and fails to fulfill its obligation to its citizens. Only one out of ten individuals that are
registered as unemployed are receiving the benefits that they are entitled to, meaning that millions of
retired Greek citizens are not receiving social security benefits and that the Greek long-term
unemployment rate is on the rise.20
Additionally, because Greece has been forced to relocate the
little spendable cash that they have, they have had to implement tight austerity measures. Some of
the austerity measures they have implemented include cutting spending by USD 2.5 billion,
removing tax exemptions, increases excise taxes on alcohol, cigarettes, and gas by one third,
terminating all temporary public sector employee contracts, cutting monthly pensions by 20%, and
cutting public sector wages by 20%.21
Amongst the most detrimental effects of these austerity
measures is that 1,500 Athenians have been relinquished of their housing, and throughout the
country, it is estimated that 500,000 are living in inadequate or precarious conditions.22
Other
problems that concur with homelessness such as drug use, suicide and trafficking are also occurring
18 “Greece|Data,” The World Bank, accessed 8 Feb. 2016, http://data.worldbank.org/country/greece.
19 “Committee for the Abolition of Third World Debt (CADTM),” CADTM, accessed 28 Dec. 2015.
http://cadtm.org/UN-human-rights-expert-calls-for.
20 Ibid.
21 “Greek Government Austerity Measures - BBC News,” BBC News, accessed 15 January 2016,
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-13940431.
22 Juan Bohoslavsky, “Human Rights Pose Limits to Adjustment - Debt Relief for Inclusive Growth in Greece,” Office of
the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, last modified 8 Dec. 2015, accessed 30 Dec. 2015,
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/IEDebt/EOM_Statement_Greece_IEForeignDebt_EN.pdf.
9. NHSMUN 2016
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as a result of these measures. Delegates should focus their work on finding ways to ensure that
social infrastructure like this does not suffer during times of economic crisis.
Another significant source of pressure for Greece during this time of economic crisis is their refugee
situation. Currently, the inflow of refugees that Greece is experiencing is greater than during World
War II. In 2015 alone, Greece saw between 75,000 and 120,000 refugees.23
2016 will likely eclipse
these numbers. These refugees come from countries like Syria, where political and social unrest have
become the norm, forcing citizens to flee. Countries like Greece have become a common
destination for these refugees. Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that
“Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and
of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and
the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other
lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.”24
The country is facing significant pressure
because it currently does not have adequate resources to support an increasing flow of refugees in
accordance with this article. Supporting refugees in this capacity would be a difficult task even for
well-positioned countries to undertake. The refugees that are fleeing to Greece are arriving to their
shores at Athens with very few possessions or resources. They seek stable shelter, food, clean water,
protection, comfort, and an overall better quality of life. It is important that a country, regardless of
who their refugees or asylum seekers are, is able to support these people in a non-discriminatory
manner. That begins with having adequate resources and funding. Delegates should ensure that
countries are able to support these refugees and asylum seekers. The flow of refugees to countries
like Greece and the United States is only projected to increase in the coming months. As of January
2015, Greece has taken in 300,000 refugees, and in early October ports were seeing up to 7,000
immigrants on some days; the time to ensure proper conditions for all refugees is now.25
Another area that has seen negative effects due to economic crises is education. Article 26 of the
Human Rights Declaration touches upon the fundamental need for the education of the young. It
states that “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of
himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social
services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old
age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.”26
Youth in Greece's education
system have been suffering significantly as a result of the current economic crisis. During times of
economic crisis, family income generally decreases. Facing inflation and lower spending power, the
need for money to purchase necessities becomes stronger, and they are oftentimes forced search for
other avenues of income. Although a last resort, children oftentimes become this source. They are
pulled out of school at perhaps the most pivotal moments in their intellectual development and,
23 “This Is What Greece's Refugee Crisis Really Looks Like,” The Nation, last modified 1 Sep. 2015, accessed 8 Jan. 2016,
http://www.thenation.com/article/this-is-what-greeces-refugee-crisis-really-looks-like/.
24 “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights | United Nations,” UN News Center, accessed 30 Dec. 2015,
http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/.
25 Morgan Meaker, “Greek Refugee Crisis: 'We Need Coordinated Action,” Guardian, 4 Nov. 2015, accessed 30 Dec.
2015, http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2015/nov/04/greek-refugee-crisis-we-
need-coordinated-action.
26 “The Universal Declaration of Human Rights | United Nations.”
10. NHSMUN 2016
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consequently, become sources of income for their families.27
Ilias Lyberis, the Director of UNICEF
Hellas stated “it is estimated that around 70% of children that abandon their school studies do so in
order to work. It would not be excessive to say that around 70,000 to 100,000 children are working
in this country.”28
This is a growing issue, and solving it in a timely manner is crucial.
Students at higher levels of education are also suffering. The Greek education system works in the
following way: all university and college education is free and college and university admission is
determined by Panhellenic exam performance.29
Students must study for these exams on their own,
and this often entails hiring tutors to help them prepare.30
The Greek economic crisis has presented
a two-fold problem at the higher-education levels. Their education system was founded on the basis
of equality for all, and they are being forced to verge from this philosophy due to a lack of
fundamental resources for students as a result of spending and budget cuts.31
Education of the youth
is something that no country can afford to compromise. When developing solutions to this problem,
delegates should keep in mind the importance of investing in the country’s youth through education.
From this perspective, delegates should work to see that education suffers less during times of
economic crisis. This may be done by ensuring that countries are not allowed to cut significant
amounts from their education budget and that families have the resources they need to help students
succeed.
27 Matthaios Tsimitakis, “Child Labor a Rising Concern in Crisis-hit Greece,” ekathimerini, accessed 19 Jan. 2016,
http://www.ekathimerini.com/132580/article/ekathimerini/community/child-labor-a-rising-concern-in-crisis-hit-
greece.
28 Ibid.
29 Papazoglou, Dr. Manos, “The Greek Education System,” accessed 30 Dec. 2015,
http://video.minpress.gr/wwwminpress/aboutgreece/aboutgreece_education_system.pdf.
30 Ibid.
31 Ibid.
11. NHSMUN 2016
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
TOPIC A
Buckley, Chris and Ramzy, Austin. “Before Shenzhen Landslide, Many Saw Warning Signs As
Debris Swelled.” New York Times. 22 Dec. 2015. Accessed 28 Dec. 2015.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-35157999.
A BBC article discussing the influence Chinese construction firms had on the Shenzhen landslide and how the actions
of these corporations impacted human rights violations in the disaster.
"China Landslide: Stories of Survival in Shenzhen - BBC News." BBC News. Last modified 22
Dec. 2015. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-35157999.
A BBC article covering the accounts of survivors of the deadly Shenzhen landslide that took place in China.
Holmes, Oliver. “EU Investigators to Decide on Thai Fishing Industry Ban Over Slave
Labour.” Guardian. Last modified 20 Jan. 2016. Accessed 25 Jan. 2016.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/21/eu-investigators-to-decide-on-
thai-fishing-industry-ban-over-slave-labour.
An article that discusses the EU’s recent investigation in Thailand to see if regulations have been implemented in early
2016.
Jungk, Margaret. “Why Do We Know so Little about Corporate Human Rights Abuses?”
Huffington Post. Last modified 2 Dec. 2015. Accessed 29 Dec. 2015.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/margaret-jungk/why-do-we-know-so-little
_b_8687196.html.
This article discusses the reasons preventing us from learning more about corporate human rights abuses.
Thomas, Dynda A. “Cobalt and Conflict Minerals-3TG and C?” National Law Review. Last
modified 25 Jan. 2016. Accessed 27 Jan. 2016.
http://www.natlawreview.com/article/cobalt-and-conflict-minerals-3tg-and-c
This article covers Amnesty International’s recent report on the human rights violations occurred in the Democratic
Republic of Congo’s Cobalt Industry.
Urbina, Ian. “Nestlé Reports on Abuses in Thailand’s Seafood Industry.” New York Times. Last
modified 23 Nov. 2015. Accessed 25 Jan. 2016.
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/business/nestle-reports-on-abuses-in-
thailands-seafood-industry.html?ref=topics.
An article published in the New York Times about Nestlé’s most recent report on Thailand’s Seafood Industry and
the human rights abuses committed by the seafood corporations.
12. NHSMUN 2016
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TOPIC B
UN Sources
Bohoslavsky, Juan. "Human Rights Pose Limits to Adjustment - Debt Relief for Inclusive
Growth in Greece." Office of the United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees. Last
modified 8 Dec. 2015. Accessed 30 Dec. 2015.
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/IEDebt/EOM_Statement_Greece_IE
oreignDebt_EN.pdf.
Juan Bohoslavsky, the United Nations expert on developing world debt, took a close look at Greece’s debt.
Other Sources
“Committee for the Abolition of Third World Debt.” CADTM. Accessed 28 Dec. 2015.
http://cadtm.org/UN-human-rights-expert-calls-for.
This article discusses ways that developing countries can abolish their debt, as it is a growing problem.
Greece|Data.” The World Bank. Accessed 8 Feb. 2016.http://data.worldbank.org/country/greece.
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries. They researched
and analyzed their World Development Indicators, projects and operations, and finances in this profile.
Meaker, Morgan. “Greek Refugee Crisis: 'We Need Coordinated Action.” Guardian. 4 Nov. 2015.
Accessed 30 Dec. 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/global-development professionals-
network/2015/nov/04/greek-refugee-crisis-we-need-coordinated action.
This article takes an in depth look at the discoordination of the Greek refugee crisis, and potential solutions.
Papazoglou, Dr. Manos. “The Greek Education System.” Accessed 30 Dec. 2015.
http://video.minpress.gr/wwwminpress/aboutgreece/aboutgreece_education_syst
m.pdf.
In this article, Dr. Manos Papazoglou analyzes the composition and infrastructure of the Greek education system.
Tsimitakis, Matthaios. “Child Labor a Rising Concern in Crisis-hit Greece.” Accessed 19 Jan.2016.
http://www.ekathimerini.com/132580/article/ekathimerini/community/child-
abor-a-rising-concern-in-crisis-hit-greece.
Ekathimerini is a Greek news agency. One of their writers, Matthaios Tsmimitakis takes an in-depth look at the
issue of Greek unemployment, and issue of Greek children being pulled from school in order to help generate
income.
“The Universal Declaration of Human Rights | United Nations.” UN News Center. Accessed 30
Dec. 2015. http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/.
Proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on December 10th, 1948, The Universal Declaration
of Human Rights creates a standard of rights for people that should be universally protected.
“This Is What Greece's Refugee Crisis Really Looks Like.” The Nation. Last modified 1 Sep. 2015.
Accessed 8 Jan. 2016. http://www.thenation.com/article/this-is-what-greeces
refugee-crisis-really-looks-like/.
This article reports on statistics in Greece’s refugee crisis, it also projects statistics of the near future.
