After a general introduction, the slides describe the experience of using the MIT Sloan School Fishbanks simulation to illustrate common pool resource management challenges for Thai government officials. The exercise was conducted in class with a group of 30 Thai government officials seeking their MPA degree at Chiang Mai University. The Sloan School materials were translated and the lecture was presented in both English and Thai. Two Faculty of Political Science and Public Administration professors coached the teams during the simulation. The translated materials are available on request. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24593.74084

1. Embracing the Future:
New Higher Education
Teaching Methods
William P. Kittredge, PhD
Visiting Professor of Public Finance and Public Policy
Chiang Mai University
Faculty of Political Science & Public Administration

2. Traditional Wisdom
‘The “learn wisely" method is based on two
principles: first, a thorough study of a subject, not
just some parts or certain aspects,
and second, what needs to be always kept in
mind, is impartiality, without influences, good or
bad.
Otherwise, the knowledge will be veiled or
distorted and cannot be applied beneficially,
without harm.’ - HRH Bhumibol Adulyadej, 1981

3. Changes in Higher Education
 Rise of the ‘non-traditional’ student
 Globalization
 Content, methods, & tools
 Synthesis
 Examples

4. Traditional & non-traditional students
 Traditional student
 ‘Non-traditional’ student
 Life long learning implies a growing non-
traditional population
 More non-traditional students requires greater
flexibility and content relevance

5. Globalization
“Globalization, I think, is fundamentally social, cultural, [and]
political, not just economic" (Giddens, 1991, 2003).
 Giddens argues that today’s world is shaped by “[i]stantaneous
communication” that “changes the texture of everyday life”
(Giddens, 1991, 2003).
 Globalization requires new content, methods & tools,
especially for a Faculty of Political Science and Public
Administration & a School of Public Policy.

6. Globalization
 Intersectoral collaboration and administration
 Public – private partnerships
 For-profit outsourcing
 NGO providing social services
 Interna tional NGO (INGO) try to shape public
policy globally.
 Bloomberg funded Institute for Global Tobacco
Control at Johns Hopkins

7. Culturally Appropriate Adaptation
 New content and methods must be culturally
appropriate.
 National traditions, including government form
& social traditions, must be respected.
 Language is important because effective
communication is the foundation of learning.

8. Content, Methods & Tools
 Content
 Relevance: Bridging the theory-practice gap
 Learning Styles
 Open source content
 Teaching methods
 Interactive simulation
 Individual and group learning
 Tools
 Leveraging online resources and social media

9. Content Relevance
“Work skill shortages are often discussed in a
way that is disconnected from the debate on
learning, but the two are parts of the same
problem. Because education systems have
not prepared workers adequately, many enter
the labor force with inadequate skills”
(Scaggs, 2017).

10. Learning Styles
(Advanogy.com, 2017)

11. Engagement
 “Traditional education relies on a few
teaching techniques (e.g. lectures, reading
assignments, and tests) that do not effectively
engage students of all learning styles”
(Makaramani & Sittilerd. 2013).

12. ‘New’ Methods
 Many of the teaching techniques are not actually
new.
 The technology available today provides the
professor with the ability to adapt and
individualize teaching and improve learning.
 Many ‘buzz words’
 Flipped classroom
 Active learning

13. New Methods for Teaching

If our students are to ‘learn wisely’ we must keep
“abreast with changes and new developments”
(Makaramani & Sittilerd, 2013).

New methods, powered by technology, provide
the opportunities to increase student learning.

Access Multiple Learning Styles

Increase Engagement

Critical thinking

Individual and Group Learning

14. Interactive Simulations
 Interactive online simulations provide access to
multiple learning styles simultaneously.
 Allow students to learn and apply theories and
principles in a practical application format.
 Supports student learning and professorial role as
mentor and coach.
 May be in-class, in groups, asynchronous..

15. Synthesis
 Online Education Tools
 Synchronous & asynchronous learning
 Distance education
 Tutorials & Accelerated Learning
 Hybrid Classrooms
 Interactive Simulation - ‘Gamification’

16. Hybrid Classrooms
 Hybrid may mean:
 In person and online students in same
class
 Students engaged via both modes
 Opportunities
 Spatially mixed learning teams

17. Opportunities
 Ability to provide customized learning
opportunities (e.g. video lectures students can
review later).
 Tutorials on difficult concepts in real time (i.e.
student doesn’t need to stop working until
office hours to get your help).
 Expand learning opportunities for exceptional
students.

18. Challenges
 Professorial learning curve - ‘where the heck
am I going to find the time to learn and
implement this stuff?’
 Cost of platforms and services
 Commercial services (e.g. Blackboard)
 Open source (e.g. Moodle)
 Multiple device accessibility & internet access
and bandwidth

19. YouTube Tutorials
 I’ve had success using YouTube to provide
asynchronous tutorials.
 I will show examples of three types:
 Course overviews – especially helpful for
non-traditional students
 Amplification of text and assignment
 Explanation of critical point – unintended
public policy consequences
 https://www.youtube.com/user/rudirae1

20. CMU MPA Common Pool
Resource Simulation
 Non-traditional Thai MPA students
 30 participants divided into 6 groups
 In class interactive group case study
simulation

21. Fishbanks Simulation – MIT Sloan
 Content
 Theory: Common Pool Resources: Tragedy
of the Commons
 Principle: Management of Common Pool
Resource
 Relevance: Management of Ocean Fishery
is current issue in Thailand
 Applications: Mekong River resources,
Chiang Mai air quality, ASEAN issues...

22. Cultural Adaptation & Relevance
 Provided students with bi-lingual lecture,
translated slides and simulation instructions.
 Recent Bangkok Post article addressing Thai
Government efforts to manage ocean
fisheries.
 Khun Worrapong and Khun Udomchoke
mentored and coached teams

23. Outcomes
 Highly engaged students recognize fishery
resource will be exhausted unless managed
well.
 Simulation reports
 Solution

24. References
 HRH Bhumibol Adulyadej, Royal Speech on Learning Wisely,
June 22, 1981 http://www.soc.soc.go.th/theKing/
Plonearticlemultipage/Plonearticlemultipage5.htm
 Advanogy.com. 2017. learning-styles-online.com. Accessed:
28 October 2017
 Giddens, Anthony (1991): The Consequences of Modernity.
Polity Press. Cambridge.
 Giddens, Anthony (2003): Runaway World: How
Globalization is Reshaping Our Lives. Routledge. New York.
ISBN-13: 978-0415944878

25. References
 Makaramani, Rossukhon & Sittilerd, Supanan. 2013. King
Bhumibol Adulyadej’s “Learn Wisely” Concept: An Application to
Instructional Design World Academy of Science, Engineering and
Technology International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical
Sciences Vol:7 No:7, p. 2084-2087.
 Scaggs, Alexandra Financial Times Online 3 November 2017
https://ftalphaville.ft.com/2017/11/03/2195444/education-trust-and-econ
Accessed: 4 November 2017
 Shiano, Bill & Andersen, Espen. 2017. Teaching with Cases
Online. Harvard Business Publishing.

26. Open Source Links
 MIT Sloan School
 LearningEdge simulations
 https://mitsloan.mit.edu/LearningEdge/simulations
 Rutgers University
 Cases and Simulations Portal for Public and
Nonprofit Sectors
 https://casesimportal.newark.rutgers.edu/

27. Open Source Links
 Slideshare
 https://www.slideshare.net/
 MOSIPS: Modeling and Simulation of the
Impact of Public Policies on SMEs
 http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/100274_en.h