This ppt would help you to learn the importance of early childhood development from 0-5 years, observe and track a child's milestones and pinpoint potential developmental concerns.
2. GROWTH is the increase in a
childâs physical size.
DEVELOPMENT is how
children progress in different
ways.
3. Areas of development
Development of friendships and learning social skills such as taking turns when
playing with toys, and ways to express and deal with their feelings
01. Social & Emotional Development
Development of the mind for thinking, using memory, learning and problem-solving
02. Cognitive Development
Development of the body â gross motor skills and fine motor skills
03. Movement/ Physical Development
04. Language and Communication Development
Development of speech and communication skills
4. The areas of development
are split into following
age ranges :
⢠Birth up to 12 months
⢠12 months to 18 months
⢠2 years up to 3 years
⢠3 years up to 4 years
⢠4 years up to 5 years
5. Newborn - 2 Months
Social & Emotional
⢠Begin to smile at people
⢠Can briefly calm himself
( may bring hands to
mouth and suck on hand)
⢠Try to look at parent
Cognitive
⢠Pay attention and gaze at human
faces
⢠Begin to follow things with eyes and
recognize people at a distance
⢠Begin to act bored ( cries, fuss) if
activity doesnât change)
⢠May âfreezeâ for a moment if they
hear a particular sound, noticing
when it starts and stops
Movement / Physical
⢠Sucking, rooting, startle,
grasping, stepping reflex
⢠Can hold head up and begins to
push up when lying on tummy
⢠Make smoother movement with
arms and legs
⢠Can open their hands to grasp a
finger
6. Act early by talking to your childâs
doctor if your child:
⢠Doesnât respond to loud sounds
⢠Doesnât watch things as they move
⢠Doesnât smile at people
⢠Doesnât bring hands to mouth
⢠Canât hold head up when pushing up when
on tummy
7. 3 â 4 Months
Social & Emotional
⢠Smile spontaneously
especially at people
⢠Like to play with people and
might cry when playing stops
⢠Copy some movement and
facial expressions, like
smiling or frowning
Cognitive
⢠Respond to affections
⢠Reach for toy with one hand,
or use both hands and eyes
together
⢠Follow moving things with
eyes from side to side
Movement / Physical
⢠Hold head steady without
support
⢠Push down on legs when feet
are on a hard surface
⢠May be able to roll over from
tummy to back
⢠Hold a toy and shake it and
swing at dangling toys
8. Act early by talking to your childâs
doctor if your child:
⢠Doesnât watch things as they move
⢠Doesnât smile at people
⢠Canât hold head steady
⢠Doesnât coo or make sounds
⢠Doesnât bring things to mouth
⢠Doesnât push down with legs when feet are placed on
a hard surface
⢠Has trouble moving one or both eyes in all directions
9. 5-6 Months
Social & Emotional
⢠Know familiar faces and begins
to shoe wariness of strangers
⢠Like to play with others,
especially parents
⢠Recognize and responds to
othersâ emotions
⢠Like to look at self in a mirror
Cognitive
⢠Look around at things nearby
⢠Show curiosity about things and try
to get things that are out of reach
⢠Pass things from one hand to the
other
⢠Explore objects by putting them in
their mouth
⢠Recognize voices
Movement / Physical
⢠Roll over in both directions
(front to back, back to front)
⢠Begin to sit without support
⢠When standing, support
weight on legs and might
bounce
⢠Rock back and forth
10. Act early by talking to your childâs
doctor if your child:
⢠Doesnât try to get things that are in reach
⢠Shows no affection for caregivers
⢠Doesnât respond to sounds around him
⢠Has difficulty getting things to mouth
⢠Doesnât roll over in either direction
⢠Doesnât laugh or make squealing sounds
⢠Seems very stiff, with tight muscles
⢠Seems very floppy, like a rag doll
11. 7-9 Months
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
⢠May be afraid of strangers
⢠Start to form specific
attachments with people
⢠Has favorite toys
⢠Play peek-a boo
⢠Put things in mouth
⢠Move things smoothly from
one hand to the other
⢠Can look for dropped objects
and objects that they see
being hidden
⢠Usually mobile by crawling or
rolling
⢠Sit without support
⢠Pull to stand
⢠Can walk by holding on to
furniture
⢠Can use a pincer grip (thumb
and index finger) to grasp
object
12. Act early by talking to your childâs
doctor if your child:
â˘Doesnât bear weight on legs with support
â˘Doesnât sit with help
â˘Doesnât babble (âmamaâ, âbabaâ, âdadaâ)
â˘Doesnât play any games involving back-and-forth play
â˘Doesnât respond to own name
â˘Doesnât seem to recognize familiar people
â˘Doesnât look where you point
â˘Doesnât transfer toys from one hand to the other
13. 10-12 Months
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
⢠Develop specific
attachments
⢠Imitate actions of others,
such as clapping
⢠Experience anxiety when
separated from their
primary carer(s)
⢠Enjoy throwing things to the
ground and watching them drop
⢠Learn by trying things out and
repeating if successful. This
approach to learning is called âtrial
and errorâ
⢠Follow simple instructions like
âpick up the toyâ
⢠Can pull to stand, stand alone
⢠Can walk while holding to furniture,
or walk without support
⢠Use pincer grasp to pick up small
object
⢠Can point using index finger
14. Act early by talking to your childâs
doctor if your child:
â˘Doesnât crawl
â˘Canât stand when supported
â˘Doesnât search for things that he sees you hide
â˘Doesnât say single words like âmamaâ or âdadaâ
â˘Doesnât learn gestures like waving or shaking head
â˘Doesnât point to things
â˘Loses skills he once had
15. 12-18 Months
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
⢠Emotionally dependent on
parents
⢠Play alone but enjoy being near
adults or siblings
⢠Insist on immediate attention
⢠Can copy adult actions
⢠Are alternately clingy with their
parents/key persons and
resistant to them
⢠Explore objects by using sight and
sound, through looking and listening
carefully
⢠Start to understand the names of
different items, especially ordinary
things like brush, spoon
⢠Point to get attention of others
⢠Show interest at pretend play
⢠Remember where things belong
⢠Crawl upstairs & kneel without support
⢠Walk unaided or walk upstairs with help
⢠Squat to pick up toys
⢠Run but unable to avoid obstacles
⢠Pincer grasp is precise
⢠Use palmer grasp to hold crayons &
scribble
⢠Can build tower of three or more bricks
⢠Can feed themselves with spoon
16. Act early by talking to your childâs
doctor if your child:
â˘Doesnât point to show things to others
â˘Canât walk
â˘Doesnât know what familiar things are for
â˘Doesnât copy others
â˘Doesnât gain new words
â˘Doesnât have at least 6 words
â˘Doesnât notice or mind when a caregiver leaves or returns
â˘Loses skills he once had
17. 2 Years
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
⢠Unable to wait for needs to be met
⢠May be distracted from tantrums
⢠Play in parallel with other children but
are unable to share toys
⢠Play alongside other children and
engage in onlooker play
⢠Jealous of other children getting
attention
⢠Respond well to adult attention & praise
⢠Have tantrums when frustrated
⢠Recognize themselves in mirrors or
photographs
⢠Can remember past experiences
⢠Complete simple puzzles with help
⢠Play simple make-believe games
⢠Complete sentences and rhymes in
familiar books
⢠Begin to sort shapes and colors
⢠Follow two-step instructions
⢠Name items in a picture book
⢠Run, climb on furniture, kick a large ball
⢠Can use sit-and ride toys, push-and-pull
wheeled toys
⢠Can jump with two feet together from a
low step
⢠Put on shoes and fasten Velcro
⢠Drink from cup / feed themselves with
spoon
⢠Show hand preference
⢠Develop primitive Tripod Grip
18. Act early by talking to your childâs
doctor if your child:
â˘Doesnât use 2-word phrases (for example, âdrink milkâ)
â˘Doesnât know what to do with common things, like a
brush, phone, fork, spoon
â˘Doesnât copy actions and words
â˘Doesnât follow simple instructions
â˘Doesnât walk steadily
â˘Loses skills he once had
19. 3 Years
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
⢠Find it easier to wait and take turns
⢠Start to take turns and share
⢠Enjoy being with other children
⢠Will comfort another child or show
affection for friends without prompting
⢠Will help adults
⢠Show wide range of emotions
⢠Separate easily from parents
⢠May get upset with major changes in
routine
⢠Understand the difference between
past and present
⢠Can complete simple puzzles (3-4
pieces)
⢠Pretend play with dolls, animals and
people
⢠Understand simple math like what
âtwoâ means
⢠Run forward and backward
⢠Steer a tricycle
⢠Walk upstairs with alternate feet
⢠Throw and catch a large ball
⢠Use tripod grip
⢠Have established hand preference for
most tasks
⢠Turn book pages one at a time
⢠Screw and unscrews jar lids or turns door
handle
20. Act early by talking to your childâs
doctor if your child:
â˘Falls down a lot or has trouble with stairs
â˘Drools or has very unclear speech
â˘Canât work simple toys (such as peg boards, simple puzzles
, turning handle)
â˘Doesnât speak in sentences
â˘Doesnât understand simple instructions
â˘Doesnât play pretend or make-believe
â˘Doesnât want to play with other children or with toys
â˘Doesnât make eye contact
â˘Loses skills he once had
21. 4 Years
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
⢠Can cope with separation from primary
carer if with someone they know
⢠Begin to play co-operatively
⢠Show clear preferences with friendships
⢠Would rather play with other children
than by themselves
⢠Talk about what they likes and what
they are interested in
⢠Enjoy doing new things
⢠Can recognize and name primary
colors
⢠Understand what is meant by âmoreâ
⢠Can tell whether an object is heavy
or light
⢠Can arrange objects into categories
⢠Can make connections between
people and events
⢠Understand âsameâ and âdifferentâ
⢠Hop on one foot
⢠Walk along a line
⢠Ride a tricycle using pedals
⢠Button and unbutton clothes
⢠Use scissors to cut out simple shapes
⢠Draw a person with a head, trunk & legs
⢠Eat with a knife and fork
⢠Thread beads to make a necklace
22. Act early by talking to your childâs
doctor if your child:
â˘Canât jump in place
â˘Has trouble scribbling
â˘Shows no interest in interactive games or make-believe
â˘Ignores other children or doesnât respond to people outside t
he family
â˘Resists dressing, sleeping, and using the toilet
â˘Canât retell a favorite story
â˘Doesnât follow 3-part commands
â˘Doesnât understand âsameâ and âdifferentâ
â˘Speaks unclearly
â˘Loses skills he once had
23. 5 Years
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
⢠Can work out what other people may be
thinking ( which helps them negotiate
with others)
⢠Able to understand the need for rules
⢠Can develop close friendships
⢠Behavior is mostly co-operative
⢠Want to please friends and to be like by
them
⢠Aware of gender
⢠Can count accurately up to 10
⢠Add 2 sets of objects together (add
2 apples and 2 apples, get 4 apples)
⢠Name the time of day associated
with activities
⢠Give reasons to solve problems
⢠Draw a person with at least 6 body
parts
⢠Know about things used every day
⢠Run and avoid obstacles
⢠Have good balance and co-ordination
⢠Start to ride a bike
⢠Can form letters
⢠Write own name
⢠Color in pictures
⢠Thread small beads
⢠Swing and climb
24. Act early by talking to your childâs
doctor if your child:
â˘Doesnât show a wide range of emotions
â˘Shows extreme behavior (unusually fearful, aggressive, s
hy or sad)
â˘Unusually withdrawn and not active
â˘Is easily distracted, has trouble focusing on one activity
for more than 5 minutes
â˘Doesnât respond to people, or responds only superficially
â˘Canât tell whatâs real and whatâs make-believe
25. Act early by talking to your childâs
doctor if your child:
â˘Doesnât play a variety of games and activities
â˘Canât give first and last name
â˘Doesnât use plurals or past tense properly
â˘Doesnât talk about daily activities or experiences
â˘Doesnât draw pictures
â˘Canât brush teeth, wash and dry hands, or get undressed
without help
â˘Loses skills he once had
27. The childâs development in one
or more areas of development
is not following the normal
milestones at expected times:
this may mean they are ahead
or behind