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健康太湖综合评价与指标研究
       ——水生态监测的采样与选

址
    水利部太湖流域管理局
       2012.2.22
汇报提纲

   健康太湖综合评价与指标研究结果简介

   太湖水生态监测概况

   水生态监测采样点布设

   水生态监测采样有关问题与建议
一、健康太湖综合评价与指标研究成果
   2007 年水利部公益性项目“健康太湖综合评价与指标研究
    ”立项,综合考虑《总体方案》中的治理目标、治理目标
    的可达性,确定太湖自然健康指数的健康基准参照为太湖
    历史上 1987-1988 年的健康水平。
         研究将太湖的健康评价分为健康、亚健康、不健康三级。各级
    的评价标准及含义如下:
    健康状态:自然健康指数大于 80 ,表征太湖湖区处于自然形态稳定、
    水体质量优良、生态系统平衡的自然结构状态。
    不健康状态:自然健康指数小于 60 ,表征太湖在自然形态、水体质量
    、生态系统整体处于较恶劣的状态,或者某一方面存在疾病状态。
    亚健康状态:自然健康指数介于 60~80 之间,亚健康状态其实是一种
    症状学的范畴,表征太湖介于健康和不健康状态之间,虽然不存在疾病
    ,但需要采取措施进行干预。
从自然形态、水体质量、生态系统和服务功能
四个方面,建立了适用于太湖健康评价的 13 项综合指标
体系。
   自 2008 年始开展了太湖
      健康状况年度评价,作
      为太湖流域水环境综合
      治理省部际联席会议的
      正式材料提交。
   目前正在结合水利部的重
    点河湖健康评价(试点)
    工作的统一要求,做进一
    步补充完善工作。
    在补充工作过程中,结合
    已有的研究成果、太湖实
    际情况和水利部重点河湖
    评价的统一要求,重点开展了水生态的补充监测、采样
     与研究工作。
二、太湖水生态监测概况
   自 1999 年开始,太湖局每月对太湖 33 个点位的浮
    游植物和浮游动物进行监测
   目前已具备独立的浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物和
    水生植物监测能力




                    内蒙古乌梁素海浮游生物采集
三、水生态监测采样点布设
   湖滨带和大型水生植物调查
     《技术文件》要求将湖滨带划分为 10 等分进行取样点
      位布设。
     太湖不同于其它浅水湖泊,

    不同湖区湖滨带差异较大且
    太湖环湖大堤沿线已建成若
    干人工湿地,为了降低随机
    取样方法可能导致的不准确
    性, 2011 年 10 月在太湖湖滨
    带设置了 12 个代表性区域。


                   湖滨带及水生植被调查样方设
                         置
   太湖水生植物分布具有以下特点:
       东部水域水生植物丰富,为草型湖;其它为藻型湖;
       各湖区湖滨带都有芦苇分布,宽度为 50-100m ;
       除了东部水域,其它湖区鲜有沉水 / 浮叶 / 漂浮植物
        分布。




                     太湖水生植物分布状况
   底栖动物
       《技术文件》要求与湖滨带和水生植物状况同时调查, 10
        个站点。调查频次为 2 次,时间分别为春季和夏季。

     太湖面积大 (2338Km2) ,
    10 个站点的数据不足以代
    表太湖底栖动物群落结构
    状况。
    综合考虑了湖湾地形、水
    质现状、植被分布等情况,
    共 33 个站点(湖滨带、湖
    心区)

                          太湖底栖动物监测站点图
四、水生态监测采样有关问题与建议
   采样时间
        《技术文件》中规定的浮游植物和浮游动物的监
        测次数为不少于 2 次
       温度是影响水生生物群落结构变化的一个重要的变
        量,监测 2 次偶然性较大
       为了保证评价结果年度间的纵向可比性,要尽量保
        持水生生物采样的时间段相对一致
   浮游植物数量
       《水库渔业资源调查规范》 (SL167.4-1996) 中规
        定浮游植物采集水体表层 0.5m 处的水样
       风浪扰动是影响浮游植物在水体中分布状态的重要
        因子,对于藻类暴发严重时间段在风速小的情况下
        表层 0.5m 处的水样检测的数据不能够真实反映水
        体中的蓝藻数量
       建议在风速影响较大的浅水湖泊,采集水下
        0-0.5m 水柱用于藻类数量检测




                     小风条件下蓝藻积聚状况
   底栖动物的代表性
       底栖动物一直生活在底泥中,对底泥污染状况敏
        感,且相对稳定,现场获取监测数据的时效性较
        高,试点河湖健康评估中底栖动物生物完整性指
        数是必选指标,具有较好的代表性。
       在下一步的工作中,我们将研究将底栖动物生物
        完整性指数指标,补充作为太湖健康评价的指标
        之一。
       不同类型的河流所采用的采样工具、采样方法也
        有所不同。因为不同的采样方式可能得到不同的
        评价结果,因此建议尽快明确底栖动物采样时间
        、采样方法、采集面积和分类水平,尽快建立行
        业标准。
谢   谢!

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5.2 lake tai ecological assessment __ monitoring and site selection

  • 1. 健康太湖综合评价与指标研究 ——水生态监测的采样与选 址 水利部太湖流域管理局 2012.2.22
  • 2. 汇报提纲  健康太湖综合评价与指标研究结果简介  太湖水生态监测概况  水生态监测采样点布设  水生态监测采样有关问题与建议
  • 3. 一、健康太湖综合评价与指标研究成果  2007 年水利部公益性项目“健康太湖综合评价与指标研究 ”立项,综合考虑《总体方案》中的治理目标、治理目标 的可达性,确定太湖自然健康指数的健康基准参照为太湖 历史上 1987-1988 年的健康水平。 研究将太湖的健康评价分为健康、亚健康、不健康三级。各级 的评价标准及含义如下: 健康状态:自然健康指数大于 80 ,表征太湖湖区处于自然形态稳定、 水体质量优良、生态系统平衡的自然结构状态。 不健康状态:自然健康指数小于 60 ,表征太湖在自然形态、水体质量 、生态系统整体处于较恶劣的状态,或者某一方面存在疾病状态。 亚健康状态:自然健康指数介于 60~80 之间,亚健康状态其实是一种 症状学的范畴,表征太湖介于健康和不健康状态之间,虽然不存在疾病 ,但需要采取措施进行干预。
  • 5. 自 2008 年始开展了太湖 健康状况年度评价,作 为太湖流域水环境综合 治理省部际联席会议的 正式材料提交。  目前正在结合水利部的重 点河湖健康评价(试点) 工作的统一要求,做进一 步补充完善工作。 在补充工作过程中,结合 已有的研究成果、太湖实 际情况和水利部重点河湖 评价的统一要求,重点开展了水生态的补充监测、采样 与研究工作。
  • 6. 二、太湖水生态监测概况  自 1999 年开始,太湖局每月对太湖 33 个点位的浮 游植物和浮游动物进行监测  目前已具备独立的浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物和 水生植物监测能力 内蒙古乌梁素海浮游生物采集
  • 7. 三、水生态监测采样点布设  湖滨带和大型水生植物调查  《技术文件》要求将湖滨带划分为 10 等分进行取样点 位布设。  太湖不同于其它浅水湖泊, 不同湖区湖滨带差异较大且 太湖环湖大堤沿线已建成若 干人工湿地,为了降低随机 取样方法可能导致的不准确 性, 2011 年 10 月在太湖湖滨 带设置了 12 个代表性区域。 湖滨带及水生植被调查样方设 置
  • 8. 太湖水生植物分布具有以下特点:  东部水域水生植物丰富,为草型湖;其它为藻型湖;  各湖区湖滨带都有芦苇分布,宽度为 50-100m ;  除了东部水域,其它湖区鲜有沉水 / 浮叶 / 漂浮植物 分布。 太湖水生植物分布状况
  • 9. 底栖动物  《技术文件》要求与湖滨带和水生植物状况同时调查, 10 个站点。调查频次为 2 次,时间分别为春季和夏季。  太湖面积大 (2338Km2) , 10 个站点的数据不足以代 表太湖底栖动物群落结构 状况。 综合考虑了湖湾地形、水 质现状、植被分布等情况, 共 33 个站点(湖滨带、湖 心区) 太湖底栖动物监测站点图
  • 10. 四、水生态监测采样有关问题与建议  采样时间  《技术文件》中规定的浮游植物和浮游动物的监 测次数为不少于 2 次  温度是影响水生生物群落结构变化的一个重要的变 量,监测 2 次偶然性较大  为了保证评价结果年度间的纵向可比性,要尽量保 持水生生物采样的时间段相对一致
  • 11. 浮游植物数量  《水库渔业资源调查规范》 (SL167.4-1996) 中规 定浮游植物采集水体表层 0.5m 处的水样  风浪扰动是影响浮游植物在水体中分布状态的重要 因子,对于藻类暴发严重时间段在风速小的情况下 表层 0.5m 处的水样检测的数据不能够真实反映水 体中的蓝藻数量  建议在风速影响较大的浅水湖泊,采集水下 0-0.5m 水柱用于藻类数量检测 小风条件下蓝藻积聚状况
  • 12. 底栖动物的代表性  底栖动物一直生活在底泥中,对底泥污染状况敏 感,且相对稳定,现场获取监测数据的时效性较 高,试点河湖健康评估中底栖动物生物完整性指 数是必选指标,具有较好的代表性。  在下一步的工作中,我们将研究将底栖动物生物 完整性指数指标,补充作为太湖健康评价的指标 之一。  不同类型的河流所采用的采样工具、采样方法也 有所不同。因为不同的采样方式可能得到不同的 评价结果,因此建议尽快明确底栖动物采样时间 、采样方法、采集面积和分类水平,尽快建立行 业标准。
  • 13. 谢!