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澳大利亚建立国家级河流健康监测
        框架的方法




Robert Speed
Beijing, 22 February 2012
北京, 201 2 年 2 月 22 日
背景

• 联邦制度 – 州政府拥有主要的水资源管理职责

• 目前已有州级和流域级的河流健康监测计划
维多利亚州 – 河流状况指数
莫雷达令流域 – 可持续河流审计
              Border Rivers




                 Fish     Macroinvertebrates
• 联邦政府的水管理职责在增加

      • 大笔投资 (> 1 0 亿澳元 ) 用于改善河流健康

      • 2005 年国家水委员会的报告指出需要进行国家层面的报

         告




Presentation Heading
F A RWH – 河流和湿地健康评估的国家级
框架

• 旨在为下列目标提供必要的信息:
  – 实现“ 环境和其他有公共效益的成果”

  – “ 解决目前水资源被过度分配和 / 或被过度利用的河流的问题”

  – 支持“ 环境水量的综合管理”

  (2004 年国家水行动下确定的优先政策 )

• 2005 年至 201 1 年进行了系列测试

• 201 1 年 9 月提交最终报告
试点研究的总体方法

• 尽可能多地使用现有数据 / 监测计划

• 在河流河段 / 湿地尺度上进行评估,代表了至少 5% 的
 河段或湿地

• 开发对站点设定权重的方法,即基于站点所代表的河段
 长度,从而可以在地区层次上进行报告
指标

• 总共 6 个主题:水文,物理形态,流域干扰,边缘区,
 水生生物,水质

• 在给出地区的得分之前,至少要评估 6 个主题中的 3 个

• (子)指标的选取有灵活性
参照状况

通过综合以下因素来设定:

 – 受到最低程度干扰的站点

 – 历史数据

 – 模型得出的数据

 – 专家意见


指导原则是:参照状况应尽可能近地接近自然( 欧洲移民
到达前)
标准化得分

对得分进行标准化处理,因此使用哪类指标或哪些
子指标都没有关系。

例如 . 盐度的 0.8 = 营养物的 0.8


            | ( 站点值 – 参照值 ) |
得分 = 1 .0
-           | ( 最差值 – 参照值 ) |
Figure 1: The initial FARWH assessment approach                                                      图 1 F ARWH 的初期评估方法
 A s s e s s m e n ts
                                           D a t a a n a ly s is                                F A R W H c o n d it io n
     a n d d a ta                                                                                                                A p p lic a tio n s
                             ( fo r e a c h s u b - in d e x a n d in d e x )                     ( f o r e a c h in d e x )
    c o lle c tio n


                           S u b - in d e x A                                                         C a tc h m e n t
                                                            C a tc h m e n t
                           S u b - in d e x B                                                   D is tu r b a n c e s c o r e
                                                           D is tu r b a n c e
                           S u b - in d e x C                                                              0 – 1

                           S u b - in d e x A                                                       H y d r o lo g ic a l
                                                           H y d r o lo g ic a l
                           S u b - in d e x B                                                   D is tu r b a n c e s c o r e
                                                           D is tu r b a n c e
                           S u b - in d e x C                                                              0 – 1

                           S u b - in d e x A
                                                              F r in g in g                   F r in g in g Z o n e s c o r e    P r io r it is a t io n o f
                           S u b - in d e x B                   Zone                                       0 – 1                        a c tio n s
  P r e - e x is tin g     S u b - in d e x C
 ju r is d ic t io n a l
    p ro g ra m s          S u b - in d e x A                                                   W a te r Q u a lity a n d
                                                          W a te r Q u a lity                                                     J u r is d ic t io n a l
                           S u b - in d e x B                                                       S o ils s c o r e
                                                            a n d S o ils                                                             r e p o r t in g
                           S u b - in d e x C                                                            0 – 1

                           S u b - in d e x A
                                                              P h y s ic a l                  P h y s ic a l F o r m s c o r e
                           S u b - in d e x B
                                                                F o rm                                     0 – 1
                           S u b - in d e x C

                           S u b - in d e x A
                           S u b - in d e x B                                                  A q u a tic B io t a s c o r e
                                                          A q u a t ic B io t a
                                                                                                          0 - 1
                           S u b - in d e x C


                                          C o m p le t e d fo r a s m a n y in d ic e s a s p o s s ib le
                                      C u s to m is e a n d a d o p t lo c a lly r e le v a n t s u b - in d ic e s
                                     W ill n o t a lw a y s b e t h r e e s u b - in d ic e s f o r e a c h in d e x
试点站点
nts (coloured dashed borders) for each index under each of the four FAR
子指数和各主题得分的综合
昆士兰州 F A RWH 测试的得分
                                   Burdekin          Moreton                       Cooper Creek
                  Pioneer SWMA                                        Tully SWMA
                                   SWMA              SWMA                          SWMA

Fringing Zone     0.61             0.56              0.41             0.86         0.90

Catchment
                  0.62             0.56              0.66             0.82         0.47
Disturbance

Aquatic Biota     0.82             0.89              0.72             0.83         0.67

Water Quality
                  0.84             0.86              0.75             0.85         0.86
and Soils
Hydrological
                  0.33             0.48              0.58             N/A          N/A
Disturbance

Physical Form     0.96             0.86              0.97             0.90         0.70

Overall score     0.63             0.66              0.64             0.85         0.68

Table 21. Current era (2008–09) assessment for Qld FARWH trial SWMA
5. Overall results for the 2008–09 assessment of th
测试得到的发现

报告状况得分

2. 测试成功地应用了 6 个关键指数,为它们未来的使用提
供了支持。

3.测试发现, 0 至 1 的状况打分是可以实现的,大部分情
况下都有意义。

4.测试发现,需要增加对湿地范围的衡量。
测试得到的发现 ( 续 )
参照状况
测试支持使用参照状况来作为确定实际状况并进行报告的
方法。但是,所有的测试都发现,需要开展进一步的工作
,来改善对于参照状况的理解。

两级方法
两级方法可能对于确定需要进行更多实地取样活动的区域
来说,是有用的。它以总体的大尺度评估为基础— 是成本
很高的有针对性的实地评估的基础
Figure 4: The proposed two-tiered FARWH assessment approach

    阶段 1 – 案头评估
阶段 2 – 详细的状况评估
阶段 3 – 产出和验证
接下来做什么 ?
向政府提出了 5 个方案:


•继续进行以州为单位的报告(目前的做法)

•每 1 0 年进行一次国家级报告

• 每 5 年进行一次国家级报告 (大尺度评估)

•每 5 年进行一次国家级报告(大尺度评估 + 有限的实地评估)

• 每 5 年进行一次国家级报告(大尺度评估 + 详细的实地评估
)
如需了解更多信息,请访问:
www.nwc.gov.au
www.water.gov.au

                                                          Alignment of state and national
                                                          river and wetland health
                                                          assessment needs
            Framework for the
      assessment of river and
 wetland health: findings from                            September 2011
     the trials and options for
                        uptake
                          Alluvium Consulting


         Waterlines Report Series No 58, September 2011




                                                                           1
         NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION — WATERLINES       i
谢谢 !

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1.2 developing a national river health program in australia cn

  • 1. 澳大利亚建立国家级河流健康监测 框架的方法 Robert Speed Beijing, 22 February 2012 北京, 201 2 年 2 月 22 日
  • 2. 背景 • 联邦制度 – 州政府拥有主要的水资源管理职责 • 目前已有州级和流域级的河流健康监测计划
  • 4. 莫雷达令流域 – 可持续河流审计 Border Rivers Fish Macroinvertebrates
  • 5. • 联邦政府的水管理职责在增加 • 大笔投资 (> 1 0 亿澳元 ) 用于改善河流健康 • 2005 年国家水委员会的报告指出需要进行国家层面的报 告 Presentation Heading
  • 6. F A RWH – 河流和湿地健康评估的国家级 框架 • 旨在为下列目标提供必要的信息: – 实现“ 环境和其他有公共效益的成果” – “ 解决目前水资源被过度分配和 / 或被过度利用的河流的问题” – 支持“ 环境水量的综合管理” (2004 年国家水行动下确定的优先政策 ) • 2005 年至 201 1 年进行了系列测试 • 201 1 年 9 月提交最终报告
  • 7. 试点研究的总体方法 • 尽可能多地使用现有数据 / 监测计划 • 在河流河段 / 湿地尺度上进行评估,代表了至少 5% 的 河段或湿地 • 开发对站点设定权重的方法,即基于站点所代表的河段 长度,从而可以在地区层次上进行报告
  • 8. 指标 • 总共 6 个主题:水文,物理形态,流域干扰,边缘区, 水生生物,水质 • 在给出地区的得分之前,至少要评估 6 个主题中的 3 个 • (子)指标的选取有灵活性
  • 9. 参照状况 通过综合以下因素来设定: – 受到最低程度干扰的站点 – 历史数据 – 模型得出的数据 – 专家意见 指导原则是:参照状况应尽可能近地接近自然( 欧洲移民 到达前)
  • 10. 标准化得分 对得分进行标准化处理,因此使用哪类指标或哪些 子指标都没有关系。 例如 . 盐度的 0.8 = 营养物的 0.8 | ( 站点值 – 参照值 ) | 得分 = 1 .0 - | ( 最差值 – 参照值 ) |
  • 11. Figure 1: The initial FARWH assessment approach 图 1 F ARWH 的初期评估方法 A s s e s s m e n ts D a t a a n a ly s is F A R W H c o n d it io n a n d d a ta A p p lic a tio n s ( fo r e a c h s u b - in d e x a n d in d e x ) ( f o r e a c h in d e x ) c o lle c tio n S u b - in d e x A C a tc h m e n t C a tc h m e n t S u b - in d e x B D is tu r b a n c e s c o r e D is tu r b a n c e S u b - in d e x C 0 – 1 S u b - in d e x A H y d r o lo g ic a l H y d r o lo g ic a l S u b - in d e x B D is tu r b a n c e s c o r e D is tu r b a n c e S u b - in d e x C 0 – 1 S u b - in d e x A F r in g in g F r in g in g Z o n e s c o r e P r io r it is a t io n o f S u b - in d e x B Zone 0 – 1 a c tio n s P r e - e x is tin g S u b - in d e x C ju r is d ic t io n a l p ro g ra m s S u b - in d e x A W a te r Q u a lity a n d W a te r Q u a lity J u r is d ic t io n a l S u b - in d e x B S o ils s c o r e a n d S o ils r e p o r t in g S u b - in d e x C 0 – 1 S u b - in d e x A P h y s ic a l P h y s ic a l F o r m s c o r e S u b - in d e x B F o rm 0 – 1 S u b - in d e x C S u b - in d e x A S u b - in d e x B A q u a tic B io t a s c o r e A q u a t ic B io t a 0 - 1 S u b - in d e x C C o m p le t e d fo r a s m a n y in d ic e s a s p o s s ib le C u s to m is e a n d a d o p t lo c a lly r e le v a n t s u b - in d ic e s W ill n o t a lw a y s b e t h r e e s u b - in d ic e s f o r e a c h in d e x
  • 13.
  • 14. nts (coloured dashed borders) for each index under each of the four FAR
  • 15.
  • 17. 昆士兰州 F A RWH 测试的得分 Burdekin Moreton Cooper Creek Pioneer SWMA Tully SWMA SWMA SWMA SWMA Fringing Zone 0.61 0.56 0.41 0.86 0.90 Catchment 0.62 0.56 0.66 0.82 0.47 Disturbance Aquatic Biota 0.82 0.89 0.72 0.83 0.67 Water Quality 0.84 0.86 0.75 0.85 0.86 and Soils Hydrological 0.33 0.48 0.58 N/A N/A Disturbance Physical Form 0.96 0.86 0.97 0.90 0.70 Overall score 0.63 0.66 0.64 0.85 0.68 Table 21. Current era (2008–09) assessment for Qld FARWH trial SWMA
  • 18. 5. Overall results for the 2008–09 assessment of th
  • 19. 测试得到的发现 报告状况得分 2. 测试成功地应用了 6 个关键指数,为它们未来的使用提 供了支持。 3.测试发现, 0 至 1 的状况打分是可以实现的,大部分情 况下都有意义。 4.测试发现,需要增加对湿地范围的衡量。
  • 20. 测试得到的发现 ( 续 ) 参照状况 测试支持使用参照状况来作为确定实际状况并进行报告的 方法。但是,所有的测试都发现,需要开展进一步的工作 ,来改善对于参照状况的理解。 两级方法 两级方法可能对于确定需要进行更多实地取样活动的区域 来说,是有用的。它以总体的大尺度评估为基础— 是成本 很高的有针对性的实地评估的基础
  • 21. Figure 4: The proposed two-tiered FARWH assessment approach 阶段 1 – 案头评估
  • 22. 阶段 2 – 详细的状况评估
  • 23. 阶段 3 – 产出和验证
  • 24. 接下来做什么 ? 向政府提出了 5 个方案: •继续进行以州为单位的报告(目前的做法) •每 1 0 年进行一次国家级报告 • 每 5 年进行一次国家级报告 (大尺度评估) •每 5 年进行一次国家级报告(大尺度评估 + 有限的实地评估) • 每 5 年进行一次国家级报告(大尺度评估 + 详细的实地评估 )
  • 25. 如需了解更多信息,请访问: www.nwc.gov.au www.water.gov.au Alignment of state and national river and wetland health assessment needs Framework for the assessment of river and wetland health: findings from September 2011 the trials and options for uptake Alluvium Consulting Waterlines Report Series No 58, September 2011 1 NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION — WATERLINES i

Editor's Notes

  1. Up to $4 million/assessment