This powerpoint was presented by Julia Rosenbaum of FHI360 and WSP Water and Sanitation Specialist Kebede Faris,during AfricaSan 3 (Kigali, Rwanda - 2011) under the "CLTS in Africa: Experiences, Challenges and Ways Forward" session. This session provided a brief overview of CLTS and of its progress and status in Sub-Saharan African countries offering insights into current challenges and how they have been and can be tackled.

1. Julia Rosenbaum, WASHplus (AED) Kebede Faris, World Bank Water and Sanitation Program Orlando Hernandez, WASHplus (AED) Asrat Genet, World Bank Water and Sanitation Program Belete Muluneh, WSP/WB (now UNICEF)) June 16, 2011 Applying a Mix of Community-led and Household-level WASH Innovations to Improve WASH, Reduce Diarrheal Disease and Strengthen Health Systems

10. Practices: Access to Sanitation Facilities Baseline-Endline Comparison: All Respondents **Source: Amhara LBD Evaluation Report, USAID/HIP-WSP/WB-AF, November 2010

11. ETHIOPIA Knowledge of When to Wash Hands

12. Presence of HW Stations at Latrines 17% 16%

13. Predictors of Latrine Ownership Endline **Source: Amhara LBD Evaluation Report, USAID/HIP-WSP/WB-AF, November 2010 Dimensions Factors p Odds Ratio Intervention Characteristics Community participated in walk of shame .00 2.23 Household visited by health work to improve sanitation .05 1.75 Intervention -related Perceptions Having a latrine contributes to the community’s health .00 2.6 Having a latrine contributes to the community’s development .00 1.8 ALL of THESE …………………………………………… .. >> 8.38