CFD analysis report of NACA profiles blade for designing Ocean current turbine near Andaman & Nicobar island. And the amount of energy that can be generated by the selected profile

1. Performance Analysis Of OCT
Blade Using CFD(Ansys Fluent)
Name-Vishwendra
Corse-M.tech
Branch-NA & OE
Year/Sem-2nd/IVrth
Roll no-1504202008
Batch-2015-2017

2. Guide Information
Internal guide: External Guide(Co-Guide):
Name- Dr. K.V.K.R.K Patnaik Name- Mr. Prasad Dudhgaonkar
Designation- Faculty Designation-Scientist-D
Organization- Indian Maritime University Organization- NIOT
Campus- Visakhapatnam Department- Energy and Fresh Water
Place-Visakhapatnam Place- Chennai
Mail id- patnaikrk@gmail.com Mail id- prasad@niot.res.in
NIOT- National Institute Of Ocean Technology it’s a body working under Ministry of
Earth Sciences (MOES) and handles the ocean related projects of central
government.

3. Introduction
• Hydrokinetic turbine is used as wave energy device to take out energy
from wave exterior movement or else from force under surface and then
transform it to mechanical energy to produce electrical energy.
• Instream power generation technology is the ability to produce energy
without the need for dams, diversions, or reservoirs.
• Ocean currents are driven by solar heating and wind in the waters near
the equator, also by tides, salinity and density of the water. Current energy
can be cal using formula

4. Types Of TCT
Axial Flow Cross Flow
Horizontal Axis TCT Vertical Axis TCT
a. Darrieus Turbine
a. Submerged generator b. Gorlov turbine

5. Characteristics Affecting Blade Performance
• Blade profile: In terms of lift generated, symmetric airfoils (such as
NACA 0015 or NACA 0018) generate higher torque than asymmetric
airfoils when the angle of attack is negative.
• Solidity Ratio:
• Chord/Radius Ratio:
• Number Of Blades: The number of blades is directly proportional to
solidity. For any turbine, as the number of blades increases, the chord
length of a blade must be decreased to maintain a desired solidity ratio.
• Aspect Ratio: Aspect ratio (AR) refers to the ratio of turbine height to
diameter. And aspect ratio has also been defined for a Darrieus turbine as
ratio of blade length to chord length

6. Solidity Ratio
• Solidity ratio refers to the amount of turbine swept area that is solid material
versus that which is void space.
• A high solidity device (e.g., σ>0.3) will more easily self-start but will operate at a
lower tip speed ratio, whereas a low solidity device (e.g., σ< 0.15) may be more
difficult to self-start but operates at a higher tip speed ratio.
• As solidity decreases, the turbine peak efficiency moves to a higher tip speed
ratio.
• The lower solidity turbine also presents less of an obstruction to the free stream
flow, allowing for less momentum loss and higher stream-wise velocity at the
turbine, which allows it to operate at a higher tip speed ratio.
• The turbine generates smaller hydrodynamic lift forces and thus generates less
torque at lower speeds.
• Darrieus turbine, the best solidity for obtaining maximum power was 0.2-0.3. For
a helical turbine, the optimum solidity ratio is 0.3-0.4.
• Expression for solidity ratio is
Where ,
B=Number of blade
C= Chord length
D= Diameter of turbine

7. Topic Explanation
Objective- To carry out CFD analysis on ANSYS Fluent of different solidity ratio
with blade profiles. Optimum one is to be selected and further energy
generated by the turbine generator is to be calculated for a remote location.
Different Parameter Affecting Analysis:
Solidity Ratio:
Input Power: = ρ (1/2)
RPM(Rotation Per Minute): N=(T SR ∗ V ∗ 60)/ (D ∗ π)
Where, TSR is tip speed ratio it is the ratio between the tangential speed of
the tip of a blade and the actual speed of the water, v The tip-speed ratio is
related to efficiency, with the optimum varying with blade design
Angular velocity: w=(2* π *N)/60
Hydro kinetic torque(T): Obtained from the CFD analysis
Output power: Pout= T*w
Coefficient Of Power: =
It shows the part of the power the turbine extracts
Pin

8. NACA Profiles Used in Project
NACA 0018: It has the 18% width to thickness ratio and is having symmetricity which
balances the forces during rotation as it changes after 180 deg rotation. And it give
0 lift at 0 deg angle of attack.
NACA 0015: It has the 15% width to thickness ratio and is having symmetricity which
balances the forces during rotation as it changes after 180 deg rotation.
 Both the blade profile are lift based.
 0% camber at 0th position of the chord length.
 Both the profiles are used for Vertical Axis Wind/Ocean Turbine.

9. Geometry
From top left
1. Modified Geometry
2. Working Domain
3. Original Geometry

10. Domain

11. Meshing
Meshing of:
1. Top-Domain
2. Bottom left-Rotor
3. Bottom right- Blade

12. Analysis Results
The Results shown are of NACA 0015 & NACA 0018 for:
Solidity Ratio- 0.2
Chord length- 376.99mm
Flow-1.2m/s and 1.8m/s
RPM- Based on the TSR
TSR range for 1.2m/s and for 1.8m/s
1.0 to 3.0
• TSR range is used for predicting different RPM for
different analysis which act as loading conditions for
analysing the turbine(at most 8 values)

13. -100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
HydrokineticTorque,N-m
Angle,degree
Hydrokinetic Torque vs Angle
22.28 RPM
25.46 RPM
28.64 RPM
31.83 RPM
19.09 RPM
NACA 0015
For Flow 1.2 m/s
Torque ripple for NACA 0015 with 1.2 m/s flow, chord 0.376m and Ø 1.8 x 5m
turbine

14. 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Power,Watt
Speed, RPM
Power vs Speed
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Cp
TSR
Cp vs TSR
Performance of NACA 0015 with 1.2 m/s flow, chord 0.376m and Ø 1.8 x 5 m turbine
TSR RPM Avg Torque/m (N-m) Total Torque(N-m) Power(Watt) Cp
1.5 19.09 221.814 1109.073 2107.238 0.26
1.75 22.28 226.799 1133.996 2608.181 0.32
2 25.46 226.178 1130.893 2940.322 0.36
2.25 28.64 186.727 933.638 2707.551 0.33
2.5 31.83 136.901 684.505 2258.87 0.28
Summary of Ø 1.8 x 5 m turbine with SR 0.2 of NACA 0015 at 1.2 m/s water
velocity

15. NACA 0015
For Flow 1.8 m/s
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Hydrokinetictorque,N-m
Angle, degree
Hydrokinetic Torque vs Angle
28.64 RPM
33.42 RPM
38.19 RPM
47.74 RPM
42.97 RPM
Torque ripple for NACA 0015 with 1.8 m/s flow, chord 0.376m and Ø 1.8 x 5m turbine

16. 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Power,Watt
Speed, RPM
Power vs Speed
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Cp
TSR
Cp vs TSR
Performance of NACA 0015 with 1.8 m/s flow, chord 0.376m and Ø 1.8 x 5 m turbine
TSR RPM Avg Torque/m (N-m) Total Torque(N-m) Power(Watt) Cp
1.5 28.64 522.8895 2614.447 7843.342 0.29
1.75 33.42 531.3751 2656.875 9299.064 0.34
2 38.19 529.4892 2647.446 10589.78 0.39
2.25 42.97 433.0784 2165.392 9744.265 0.36
2.5 47.74 331.3635 1656.818 8284.088 0.3
Summary of Ø 1.8 x 5 m turbine with SR 0.2 of NACA 0015 at 1.8 m/s water velocity

17. NACA 0018
For Flow 1.2 m/s
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
HydrokineticTorque
Angle(degree)
Hydro kinetic Torque vs Angle
15.91 RPM
19.09 RPM
22.28 RPM
25.46 RPM
28.64 RPM
31.83 RPM
Torque ripple for NACA 0018 with 1.2 m/s flow, chord 0.376m and Ø 1.8 x 5 m turbine

18. 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Power
RPM
Power vs Speed
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Cp
TSR
Cp vs TSR
Performance of NACA 0018 with 1.2 m/s flow, chord 0.376m and Ø 1.8 x 5 m turbine
TSR RPM Avg Torque/m (N-m) Total Torque(N-m) Power(Watt) Cp
1.25 15.91 270.352 1351.76 2250 0.28
1.5 19.09 297.22 1486.142 2972.285 0.37
1.75 22.28 294.66 1470.322 3472.32 0.43
2 25.46 244.96 1224.803 3262.875 0.4
2.25 28.64 188.71 943.57 2830.717 0.35
2.5 31.83 122.46 612.318 2039.632 0.25
Summary of Ø 1.8 x 5 m turbine with SR 0.2 of NACA 0018 at 1.2 m/s water velocity

19. NACA 0018
For Flow 1.8 m/s
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
HydroKineticTorque,N-m
Angle,degre
Hydro Kinetic Torque vs Angle
23.8 RPM
28.64 RPM
33.4 RPM
38.1 RPM
42.9 RPM
47.7 RPM
Torque ripple for NACA 0018 with 1.8 m/s flow, chord 0.376m and Ø 1.8 x 5m turbine

20. 0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Power,Watt
Speed,RPM
Power vs Speed
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Cp
TSR
Cp vs TSR
Performance of NACA 0018 with 1.8 m/s flow, chord 0.376m and Ø 1.8 x 5 m turbine
TSR RPM Avg Torque/m (N-m) Total Torque(N-m) Power(Watt) Cp
1.25 23.8 665.156 3325.78 8284.51 0.3
1.5 28.64 707.877 3539.38 10607.54 0.4
1.75 33.42 689.529 3447.64 11722 0.43
2 38.1 571.663 2858.31 11147.43 0.4
2.25 42.9 446.25 2231.27 9817.62 0.36
2.5 47.7 326.246 1631.23 7893.04 0.25
Summary of Ø 1.8 x 5 m turbine with SR 0.2 of NACA 0018 at 1.8 m/s water velocity

21. Contour Results of the selected profile
Pressure contour and velocity vector for
Ø1.8 m × 5 m turbine with 0.20 solidity
ratio at 0°, 120°&240° for NACA 0018
and flow 1.2m/s
NACA 0018

22. Pressure contour and velocity vector for
Ø1.8 m × 5 m turbine with 0.20 solidity
ratio at 0°, 120°&240° for NACA 0018 and
flow 1.8m/s
NACA 0018

23. Pressure contour and velocity vector for
Ø1.8 m × 5 m turbine with 0.20 solidity
ratio at 0°, 120°&240° for NACA 0015
and flow 1.2 m/s
NACA 0015

24. Pressure contour and velocity vector for
Ø1.8 m × 5 m turbine with 0.2 solidity
ratio at 0°, 120°&240° for NACA 0015
and flow 1.8m/s
NACA 0015

25. Profile SR CL(m) Flow(m/s) Max Torque(N-m) Min Torque(N-m) Avg Torque(N-m) R.F
NACA 0018 0.15 0.282 1.2 483.88 42.73 262.87 1.68
NACA 0018 0.2 0.376 1.2 537 54.88 294.66 1.64
NACA 0018 0.15 0.282 1.8 1053 135.01 585 1.57
NACA 0018 0.2 0.376 1.8 1226.71 146.39 689.52 1.55
NACA 0015 0.15 0.282 1.2 358.26 3.45 188.06 1.89
NACA 0015 0.2 0.376 1.2 439.22 10.36 226.17 1.9
NACA 0015 0.15 0.282 1.8 823 20.23 437.72 1.83
NACA 0015 0.2 0.376 1.8 1004.71 37 529.48 1.83
Ripple Factor Calculation
Calculation of ripple factor for turbine Ø 1.8 x 5 m with SR 0.2 & 0.15
of NACA 0015 and NACA 0018for flow 1.2 m/s & 1.8 m/s

26. 0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Power,Watt
Turbine Speed,RPM
Power vs Turbine Speed
NACA 0018(SR 0.15,CL-0.282m) 1.2m/s
NACA0018(SR 0.2,CL 0.376m) 1.2m/s
NACA 0018(SR 0.15,CL 0.282m) 1.8m/s
NACA 0018(SR 0.2,CL 0.376m) 1.8m/s
NACA 0015(SR 0.15,CL 0.282m) 1.2m/s
NACA 0015(SR 0.2,CL 0.376m) 1.2m/s
NACA 0015(SR 0.15,CL 0.282m) 1.8m/s
NACA 0015(SR 0.2,CL 0.376m) 1.8m/s
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Cp
TSR
Cp vs TSR
SR 0.15 naca 0015(1.2)
SR 0.2 naca 0015(1.2)
SR 0.15 naca 0018(1.2)
SR 0.2 naca 0018(1.2)
SR 0.15 naca 0018(1.8)
SR 0.2 naca 0018(1.8)
SR 0.15 naca 0015(1.8)
SR 0.2 naca 0015(1.8)
Performance prediction of Ø1.8 m × 5 m
turbine of NACA 0015 & NACA 0018 blade
profiles with solidity ratios 0.15 and 0.2 for
1.2 m/s & 1.8 m/s water velocity

27. 0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Power,Watt
Turbine Speed, RPM
Power vs Turbine Speed
NACA 0018 SR 0.15(CL-
0.282m)1.8m/s
NACA 0018 SR 0.2(CL 0.376
m)1.8m/s
NACA 0018 SR0.15(CL-
0.282m)1.2m/s
NACA 0018 SR 0.2(CL-
0.376m)1.2m/s
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Cp
TSR
Cp vs TSR
NACA 0018 SR 0.15(CL
0.282m)1.8m/s
NACA 0018 SR 0.2(CL
0.376m)1.8m/s
NACA 0018 SR0.15(CL-
0.282m)1.2m/s
NACA 0018 SR 0.2(CL-0.376)1.2m/s
Predicted coefficient of performance of Ø1.8
m × 5 m turbine for NACA 0018 profile with
0.20 and 0.15 solidity ratio for1.8 m/s water
velocity

28. Energy Calculation
Current Velocity
(Height/Total tidal
height)^(1/7)*(Peak current
velocity)
The calculation or the assessment of the annual energy generation is done on the basis of the
peak surface current and spring tidal data for about month.
Given data for calculation:
Cut in speed-0.5 m/s
Transmission efficiency- 0.75
Generator efficiency- 0.93
Peak Current velocity- 1.8m/s
For energy-
Transmission Efficiency = Power received from transmission/ Power Transmitted
Generator Efficiency = Generator power output/ Transmitted Power
Energy = Power*Time
For calculation of current velocity at different
height of tide along the month –

29. Note: In energy calculation correction factor of 0.75 is included to consider
bearing friction loss, mechanical seal loss, adverse velocity profile, axial flow
loss at ends, presence of shaft, uncertainties in flow direction etc This factor
is used for calculating the shaft power by multiplying it with turbine output
power and then to calculate the generator output power after multiplying it
with transmission power
Output Power, W
Shaft Power, W
Transmission Power, W
Generator Power, W
Cp*Input power by current speed
0.75*Output power given by turbine
0.93*Shaft power
0.75*Transmission power

30. -1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
42830 42835 42840 42845 42850 42855 42860 42865 42870
TideHeight,meter
Time, dd/mm/yy hh:mm
Tide Height vs Time
Tidal data for month
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
05/04/2017 00:0010/04/2017 00:0015/04/2017 00:0020/04/2017 00:0025/04/2017 00:0030/04/2017 00:0005/05/2017 00:0010/05/2017 00:0015/05/2017 00:00
Currentspeed,m/s
Time,dd/mm/yyyy
Current Speed vs Time in day
Tide height data of each day along Port Blair coastline
(10/4/2017 to 11/5/2017)
Tidal speed at each day at Port Blair
(10/4/2017 to 11/5/2017)

31. -6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
05/04/2017 00:0010/04/2017 00:0015/04/2017 00:0020/04/2017 00:0025/04/2017 00:0030/04/2017 00:0005/05/2017 00:0010/05/2017 00:0015/05/2017 00:00
Outputpower,Watt
Time,dd/mm/yyyy
Generator Output power vs Time in day
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
05/04/2017 00:0010/04/2017 00:0015/04/2017 00:0020/04/2017 00:0025/04/2017 00:0030/04/2017 00:0005/05/2017 00:0010/05/2017 00:0015/05/2017 00:00
Energygeneration,kWh
Time,dd/mm/yyyy
Energy Generation vs Time in day
Predicted generator power output of
Ø 1.8 x 5 m turbine
Predicted Energy generation of Ø 1.8 x 5 m
turbine generator

32. Total energy generation in kWh/month 966.34
Total energy generation in MWh/month 0.966
Total energy generation in MWh/year 11.59
Energy Charges in Rs/unit in kWh 25
Energy Charges in Rs/unit in MWh 25000
Price To be paid For Energy Consumption in year 289750
Maintenance cost in a yr in Rs 10% Price of price of Energy Consumption 28975
Money saved in Rs 260775
Summary Of Energy Generation Calculation

33. THANKYOU