This photo essay is a project for my ENG 333 class, at Texas A&M University- Commerce My DMP1 is based off the struggle African Americans had to endure during the time of segregation in order to obtain Education. The road is long, and the struggle is tough, but the end holds a future blessed with hope and equality!

1. DMP1: R EMIX!
EXPERIENCE IN
EDUCATION!!!
Tevin Washington
Dr. Carter
ENG 333
3/4/2014

2. A GRIM BEGINNING
 After the end of slavery, African Americans desired to obtain an Education in
order to better themselves and become equal to whites. However, this was difficult
because attending school with whites was prohibited, forcing African Americans to
pursue an education in run down old shacks or poorly constructed buildings.
Despite all efforts in order to adapt to their conditions , multiple problems occurred
such as the schools being over crowded, or a narrow supply of materials for both
the teachers and students. Despite the determination to learn, the dream of a
better life seemed to be nothing more than an illusion.

3. TIPPING THE SCALES
Thankfully in 1833, a school was created especially for
African Americans to attend called The Colored High and
Training school in Baltimore, MD. CHTS severed as an
education facility for African Americans for many years
even after being renamed after the famous abolitionist
Fredrick Douglass, IN 1923.
Among Douglass' most notable alumni is Supreme Court
Justice Thurgood Marshall, a graduate of the class of
1926, in 1954 Marshall successfully challenged school
segregation as a lawyer in the case of Brown v. Board of
Education, in which the Supreme Court ruled
that separate but equal in public education was
unconstitutional, and began the process of desegregation
in schools.
“The colored people of this country have, I think, made a great mistake, of late,
in saying so much of race and color as a basis of their claims to justice, and as
the chief motive of their efforts and action. I have always attached more
importance to manhood than to mere identity with any variety of the human
family..." "We should never forget that the ablest and most eloquent voices
ever raised in behalf of the black man’s cause were the voices of white men.
Not for race, not for color, but for men and for manhood they labored, fought,
and died. Away, then, with the nonsense that a man must be black to be true to
the rights of black men”. – Fredrick Douglass (1)

4. During same year as the Brown vs. Board of
Education case, many schools and universities were in
the progress of desegregation their facilities. However
some facilities refused to welcome desegregation with
open arms, one of them was East Texas State
University.
James G. Gee, president of E.T at the time, turned
down multiple applications from African Americans
seeking to enter the college, auguring that segregation
would cause greater harm than good. However, despite
how strongly he felt of the situation, Gee recognized he
couldn’t delay the inevitable, and In 1962, he appointed
a secret committee to develop a plan under which ET
could be desegregated peacefully.
“Our Board of Regents and
the “Constitution of Texas”
had stipulated that the races
“must be segregated”.
-James. G. Gee (2)
Evolution of A
University

5. BREAKING THE
BARRIERS
In Fall 1964, East Texas State opened
their doors to Miss Velma Waters, a local
resident of Commerce, and the first
African American student to attend
ETSU. Although she was shunned by
white students and even victimized by
her biased teachers, she could recall other
students encouraging and supporting her
to continue her education.Despite the many harsh and discriminatory acts of
a majority of her fellow classmates and teachers,
Waters continued her Education with diligence
and determination. Her perseverance was reward
with a Bachelor's Degree in 1968.

6. BREAKING THE BARRIERS
(CONT.…)
 Another student by the name of Charles Garwin, attended ETSU
along with Miss Waters in the Summer of 1964, not much is
mentioned about his time at the campus expect for determination to
learn and complete his assignments. Garwin’s hard work was greatly
rewarded for he was the first African American to graduate ETSU in
1966, two years before Waters. Both Waters and Garwin are
considered to be the obstacles to break down the segregated barriers.

7. TRADING COTTON FOR
COLLEGE
Jerold Moore, a young man who rose from the
cotton fields and attended E.T. at the age of
sixteen, since he started school at age five, and
being moved up a grade in the middle of high
school.
Like most students, Mr. Moore struggled with his
desire to go to class, but he still took his education
seriously; benefiting from hands on courses like
shop and drafting.
Mr. Moore loved his time at E.T. and forged
many fond memories here, He also grew fond of
Dr. James Gee, and his strong morals, despite his
difference of opinion of African Americans
attending the school.
“Dr. James G. Gee, was the president of E.T, while I
was enrolled, and he was clearly was the man in
charge of the campus and a man of strong views. I
particularly remember his attitude towards
integration of the college which he announced by
saying there would never be any Blacks at ETSTC.
However, to his create when the time came for
inevitable change, he oversaw a smooth end of
segregation on the campus.” -Jerold Moore (3)

8. BREAKING FREE
Mark Busby, a student who attended E.T. recalls the
night of November 22, 1963, when he overheard the
shooting of President Kennedy, which occurred in
Dallas.
Shocked at the news of the president being attacked
and the chaos that would arise from it , Mr. Busby
recalls hearing the shooting of Dr. Martin Luther
King, and the negative outcome of John Carlo’s
protest during American Olympics.
All these events occurred while he attended E.T.,
opening his eyes from the safety of the university,
towards the devastation of the real world.
While begins his questioning for diversity among
schools and diversity in the world.
One of Dr. King’s most memorable
quotes.

9. DERRYLE PEACE
Derryle Peace, a man born in Dallas, TX on
May 3, 1962 He attended Booker T.
Washington School, during school
segregation, one of the few schools built
especially for African Americans, although
the experience was tough for him due to
lack of materials and textbooks. However
during school desegregation, his teachers
prepared him with advanced lessons in
order to catch up to the education level of
whites. In 1970 He attended ESTU, during
the Vietnam War, as a college education
major. Peace was very concerned with civil
rights and Black awareness.
Peace recalled how his school was stuck with second
hand books, or how his school was equipped to old
facilities, Despite his ambition to learn, this environment
felt more like a prison than a school.

10. GLENDA MCKNISSIC BAYLOR
Glenda McKnissic Baylor, was born and raised in Minneola,
Texas, a town divided by black and white., However, she was
selected as one of five students to attend Minneola High
School, an all-white school, in order to test early segregation,
before forced segregation. Ms. Baylor found attending the
all-white school more of a positive than a negative, because
of the better facilities and new textbooks for the students.
She graduated high school in 1968, and attended East Texas
State University in the fall. Much like in her own community,
Ms. Baylor got involved around the campus, and assisted in
starting the first African American Sorority; and was
nominated as the Homecoming Queen in 1968.
Ms. Baylor made her mark in E.T History when she became
the first Homecoming Queen. A Title she is known for to
this day
She graduated ETSU in1971 with a degree in Business and
Education.
When she attended school in Minneola, Ms. Baylor
quickly realized that there were no social outlets for
African Americans (AA) to gather and socialize.
However, thanks to her determination and leadership,
she created multiple different social outlets for African
Americans to gather together, and express themselves,
starting with the “InCrowd Club”, for AA Girls.

11. LOUIS FREEMAN
Louis Freeman is a commercial Airline pilot and
became Southwest Airlines first black pilot, and in1992
he became the first black chief pilot of the major US
Airline.
Freeman, his brother and eight others were the first
African American students to integrate the school;
Freeman attended the Woodrow Wilson High School,
and graduated in 1967. Afterwards he attended ETSU,
he was the first African American ROTC cadet corps
commander, both in Woodrow and ETSU. Freeman
first attempted the Air Force Officers' Qualifying Test
(AFOQT) in his freshman year at East Texas. Though
he failed the pilot aptitude section of the test, he
passed the AFOQT in his subsequent attempt, the
following year. In 1974, he graduated with a bachelor's
degree in sociology and psychology.
One of Freeman’s most remarkable flights was in 2005
when he and a volunteer Team from Southwest Airlines
transported Rosa Parks’ remains, family and friends to
three cities.

12. JOHN CARLOS
Dr. John Carlos, an amazing athlete grew up in
Harlem as an excellent student as well as a gifted
athlete. After graduating high school, he attended
ETSU, on a full track and field scholarship.
Although he never been to Texas before, Dr. Carlos
accepted and came to attend ESTU. After he landed
in the Dallas Airport, he could see he was
surrounded by segregation, and the only thing
people could tell him when he asked why it was like
this “That’s just the way things are down here”.
Carlo’s relationship with his coaches was very
contentious, but his team was able to win the NAIA
National Championship while he attended. However
, Carlos only remained at ETSU for his first year,
then transferred to San Jose State University ; but
before he left ETSU he did learn of a potential
boycott of the 1968 Summer games by African
American Athletes, though it never took place.
Dr. Carlos is likely most remembered for the statement he and
teammate Tommie Smith made during their medal ceremony by
raising black-gloved fists during the playing of the Star- Spangled
Banner. Dr. Carlos was at ETSU for a short time, but it was during
that time that some African American students and community
leaders had begun to organize to affect change, and this climate of
change gained steam in the years that followed.

13. JAMES BELFORD PAGE
James Belford Page, was born April 1, 1960 in Dallas Texas.
Growing up, Mr. Page have a lot of interactions with white people,
he was the type of man who believed he could get along with
anyone.
All of the schools Mr. Page attended as a child were segregated,
until, his senior year in 1968 where his school he was attending
began integration. During high school, Page spend time at
Southern Methodist University as a part of the Upward Bound
program he was apart in high school.
However, Page wanted to go somewhere other than Dallas when it
was time for him to attend. He decided to go to East Texas State
University on a Math Scholarship. However, while page loved
Math he loved Football even more, and he tried and made the
football team at his time at E.T.
Page eventually changed majors, and switched to
an athletic scholarship. He was eventually drafted by
the Green Bay Packers, and played football in the NFL for a time.
Page recalls was racism on campus but he describes it
as “subtle.” He tells a story of how the black athletes often had
to run from the field to a tunnel while some white people in
the back of a truck threw rocks at them. While he
does speak of racism,
and tension on campus, Page has fond memories of East Texas
State as
well, recounting some favorite professors and classes taken.

14. WORKS CITED
 Reynolds, Donald E., and James H. Conrad. "Chapter 4: Evolution of A University. "Professor Mayo's College: A History of East
Texas State University. Commerce, TX: East Texas State UP, 1993. N. pag. North East Texas Digital Collection. Web. [Fair Use]
 Reynolds, Donald E., and James H. Conrad. "Chapter 4: Evolution of A University. "Professor Mayo's College: A History of East
Texas State University. Commerce, TX: East Texas State UP, 1993. N. pag. North East Texas Digital Collection. Web. [Fair Use]
 Jerold D. Moore "Trading Cotton for College." Memories of Old E.T. N.p.: Silver Leos Writers Guild, n.d. 293-95. Print. [Fair
Use]
 Mark Busby “How E.T Opened the World for Me.” Memories of Old E.t. N.p.: Silver Leos Writers Guild n.d. 111-114. Print. [Fair
Use]
 Derryle Peace. 2009. Commerce, TX. Reel Texas History Collection. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. North East Texas Digital Collection.
Web. [Fair Use]
 Glenda McKnissic Baylor. 2012. Commerce, TX. Reel Texas Digital Collection. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. North East Texas Digital
Collection. Web. [Fair Use]
 Louis Freeman. N.d. Commerce, TX. Who Is Log Info. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Web. <whoisloginfo.com>. [Fair Use]
 John Carlos. N.d. Commerce, TX. Reel Texas Digital Collection. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. North East Digital Collection. Web.
[Fair Use]
 James Belford Page. 2011. Commerce, TX. Reel Texas Digital Collection. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. North East Texas Digital
Collection. Web. [Fair Use]
 Fredrick Douglass High School. 2008. Baltimore, MD. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Wikipedia. Web. [Fair Use]

15. WORKS CITED (IMAGES)
 Fredrick Douglass High School. 2008. Baltimore, MD. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Wikipedia. Web. [Fair Use]
 James G. Gee. 1954. Commerce, TX. Historic E.T. Collection. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Northeast Texas Digital Collections. Web. [Fair Use]
 Velma Waters. 1964. Commerce, TX. Professor Mayo's College: A History of East Texas State University. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. North East Texas
Digital Collection. Web. [Fair Use]
 Cotton Fields. 2000. Cotton Fields in China. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. American Immigrants. Web. <http://frydenlundvg1.wikidot.com/cotton-fields-in-
china>. [Fair Use]
 Martin Luther King Jr. (Quote on Education). N.d. Www.Edvotes.org. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. [Fair Use]
 Derryle Peace. 2009. Commerce, TX. Reel Texas History Collection. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. North East Texas Digital Collection. Web. [Fair Use]
 Glenda McKnissic Baylor. 2012. Commerce, TX. Reel Texas Digital Collection. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. North East Texas Digital Collection. Web.
[Fair Use]
 Louis Freeman. N.d. Commerce, TX. Who Is Log Info. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Web. <whoisloginfo.com>. [Fair Use]
 John Carlos. N.d. Commerce, TX. Reel Texas Digital Collection. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. NorthEast Digital Collection. Web. [Fair Use]
 James Belford Page. 2011. Commerce, TX. Reel Texas Digital Collection. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. North East Texas Digital Collection. Web. [Fair Use]