The presentation showcases the formal approach towards wind turbine engineering in real case scenario.

1. Theoretical and Experimental Investigations on
Inverse Design of Air Foil for Low Wind Speed
Conditions
Presented By,
Vijai Kaarthi V (18MN11),
ME Energy Engg,
PSGCT
Guide,
Dr. Viswanathan P,
Dept. of Mechanical Engg,
PSGCT
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2. Overview
ØIntroduction
ØBackground and Motivation
ØLiterature Survey
ØProblem Definition
ØObjective
ØMethodology
ØModules of Work
ØConclusion
ØScope for further work
ØReferences
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3. Introduction...
Global Wind Resource Capacity (MW)
China 145362
USA 74471
Germany 44947
India 25088
Table. 1 Wind as a potential Resource [1]
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4. Introduction…
Pollutant Emission (Tonnes)
CO2 300 to 500
SO2 2 to 3.2
NO 1.2 to 4
Particulates 0.15 to 0.28
Table. 2 Pollution Saving Potential of Wind (for 400,000 kWh/ Year) [a]
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5. Introduction…
Turbine
Diameter
(m)
Rated Wind
Speed
(m/s)
Rated
Power (W)
Rated
Turbine
Speed
(rpm)
Predicted
Power at
3 m/s (W)
Coefficient
of
Performance
1.6 10 300 400 8 0.25
2.7 10 1000 300 27 0.3
5.5 10 5000 200 135 0.36
Table. 3 Low Speed Wind Turbines [i]
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6. Background and Motivation
The average wind speed in Coimbatore is less than 3 m/s [b]
At low wind speeds (< 3 m/s), commercial turbines fails to operate.
A low cost device to tap this low grade - green energy is an endowment to
the society
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7. Literature Survey…
q KSR. Moorthy etal.[1]
§ They were not able to bring a sound insight into the performance evaluation of
estimation methods for Weibull parameters.
q CBK. Moorthy etal.[2]
§ The steps involved in assessment for placing the wind turbines and performance
evaluation parameters like wind power density, capacity factor, etc. were studied.
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8. Literature Survey…
q Jianzou Wang etal. [3]
§ Empirical methods of Justus and Lysen present favorable efficiency.
q Mahmet Bakirci etal. [4]
§ Average maximum power coefficient of 0.54 and an OTSR of 8.2 when the airfoil
properties given in the airfoil catalog were used; these values were 0.43 and 6.7,
respectively, when the airfoil properties were calculated using CFD and 0.41 and 7.3
when the HAWTs were simulated using three-dimensional CFD.
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9. Literature Survey…
qSelig [5] etal.
§ explains the determination of airfoil shape as accomplished by coupling potential
flow method with direct integral flow boundary layer method.
q Selig [6]
§ Uses conformal mapping as a tool for multi-point design.The velocity distribution
over the divided segments is given as an input. Several other conditions must be
met while defining the distribution so as to preserve the closure of blades.
qDulikravich and Baker [7]
§ developed a new formulation for Fourier Series for inverse airfoil design. The
method is analytical and can be used in flow-field codes for faster convergence.
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10. Problem Definition…
vTo identify the weighted mean wind speed at the site (PSGCT)
vTo design and develop an air foil capable of producing required lift force.
Øto overcome the moment of inertia of the blade themselves
Øto overcome pre-tension (bearing loads)
Øto generate power
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11. Objective
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12. Methodology
Design of
Air foil
Inverse Design Approach
(Potential Flow/
Conformal)
Desired
result –
goto 2
Weighted
mean wind
speed
Wind Resource
Assessment
NRG Symphonie Data
Logger
CFD – 2D Analysis
Design of
Blades
Theoretical Design
CFD – 3D Analysis
Fabrication
of Blades
Experimental
Testing
1
2
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13. Data Logger
Figure. 1 Data Logger and Meteorological Mast at PSGCT
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14. Data Quality Report
• Bad Data: 0%
• Ice Data: 0%
• Invalid Data: 0%
• Percent Data Used: 98.92%
Figure. 2 Data Quality - NRG Symphonie
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
IceDataBadSensorInvalidData
July 2019
Data Quality Report Ch 1
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Project: New Project
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Elevation:
NRG #40 Anem. m/s
Height: 50 m
Serial #: SN:53009
Data is of this type
Data is of another type
Good Data 98.92%
Ice Data 0%
Bad Sensor 0%
Invalid Data 0%
Site Information:
Sensor on channel 1:
Percent data by type:
Generated 05 August 2019 NRG Systems SDR Version 7.08
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15. Frequency Distribution
• Total 10 minute intervals: 4464
• Intervals used in calculation: 4412
Figure. 3 Frequency Distribution (July, 2019)
July 2019
Frequency Distribution Ch 1
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Elevation:
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Height: 50 m
Serial #: SN:53009
Site Information: Sensor on channel 1:
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Wind Speed in m/s
Frequency Distribution
RelativeFrequency%
Generated 05 August 2019 NRG Systems SDR Version 7.08Total 10-minute intervals: 4464 Intervals used in calculations: 4412 Percent data used: 98.8
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16. Hourly Averages
Figure.4 Variation of wind velocity (m/s) on hourly basis
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
July 2019
Hourly Averages Graph Ch 1
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Location: Peelamedu, Coimbatore
Elevation:
NRG #40 Anem. m/s
Height: 50 m
Serial #: SN:53009
Site Information: Sensor on channel 1:
Average Value: 2.9
Days
Average Hourly Values
Valuesinm/s
Generated 05 August 2019 NRG Systems SDR Version 7.08Total 10-minute intervals: 4464 Intervals used in calculations: 4412 Percent data used: 98.8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
AVG
AVG
Day
Hour
* * * * * * * * 1.1 2.0 3.0 4.1 5.9 5.7 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.0 4.3 3.5 2.9 3.0 2.4 1.8 4.2
2.4 2.7 2.5 2.4 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.7 3.3 3.7 3.5 4.5 3.7 3.6 4.1 3.5 4.2 2.7 2.1 2.9 2.4 2.1 3.3 2.9
3.5 3.1 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.0 2.7 2.0 2.3 3.6 4.3 4.2 5.4 4.5 4.5 5.1 4.4 4.5 3.7 3.1 3.7 2.5 2.0 3.4
2.0 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.0 1.4 1.8 2.5 3.6 3.7 3.0 3.6 5.1 5.6 4.1 4.3 5.0 3.8 3.3 3.0 2.1 2.1 2.5 3.1
2.2 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.7 4.1 5.1 5.6 5.2 4.1 4.6 3.5 3.9 3.4 2.0 2.2 1.4 1.8 3.1
2.2 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.2 1.9 1.5 2.4 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.5 5.7 4.6 3.8 3.3 4.5 4.6 3.2 3.3 1.6 1.2 2.0 2.8
2.5 3.2 2.3 3.4 2.5 1.5 2.0 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.3 4.8 5.5 4.0 4.2 4.4 5.4 4.9 5.0 4.7 3.4 3.1 3.6 4.0 3.7
3.0 2.4 3.1 2.1 2.7 3.9 2.2 2.7 3.1 3.3 4.3 5.7 6.2 6.0 6.6 5.5 5.4 4.1 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 3.7
2.1 1.8 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.4 1.2 2.2 2.2 2.9 3.1 3.9 4.6 5.1 4.4 4.4 4.8 3.6 2.4 2.6 3.1 3.1 2.0 2.0 2.9
3.1 2.4 2.0 3.0 1.8 1.5 0.8 1.1 1.9 2.5 3.0 3.7 4.8 4.6 3.7 3.6 4.5 3.2 3.3 3.9 2.1 2.2 2.9 2.6 2.8
2.3 3.1 1.7 2.9 2.5 2.8 3.0 1.9 0.8 1.1 1.6 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.7 4.2 4.2 2.9 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.6 2.3
1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.3 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.0
2.2 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.4 3.3 3.3 4.0 3.8 3.6 2.7 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.1 1.7 2.2
2.0 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.2 1.3 0.7 0.9 1.4 2.2 3.1 2.5 3.2 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.0 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.6
2.3 1.8 2.2 2.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 2.4 3.0 2.6 4.1 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.2 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.7
1.8 2.6 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.7 2.3 1.9 2.2 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.7 4.1 3.8 2.8 3.4 2.8 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.7
2.1 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.9 2.1 1.3 1.8 2.6 2.5 3.0 3.8 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.7 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.4 1.5 2.4
1.7 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.7 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.8 1.9 2.4 2.1 3.0 3.6 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.1 1.8 2.2
2.5 2.4 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.2 4.6 2.9 3.0
2.8 2.5 1.5 3.3 2.6 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.6 3.4 3.9 4.7 6.4 6.2 5.7 6.1 5.4 5.3 4.4 3.4 2.9 2.8 3.2 2.5 3.8
2.5 3.1 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.5 4.5 6.0 6.0 5.9 4.6 3.2 3.1 3.7 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.5 3.4
2.4 2.3 1.4 1.7 1.6 2.2 3.8 1.7 2.7 3.6 3.6 4.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.2 2.8 2.9 2.9 1.6 1.4 1.6 2.9
1.5 1.2 1.1 1.4 2.4 2.3 1.7 1.5 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.2 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.2 3.8 4.3 3.1 3.1 2.9 1.9 2.3 1.9 2.6
1.8 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.5 2.8 2.7 2.2 1.7 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.2 2.9 2.7
2.3 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.1 4.1 3.7 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.8 2.6
2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.0 1.3 2.1 2.5 3.6 3.8 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.7 4.1 2.8 1.9 1.8 1.6 2.5 1.1 2.5
1.2 2.1 1.6 1.5 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.4 4.3 4.5 3.9 3.6 3.3 2.7 2.8 2.6 3.1 2.6 2.5
3.1 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.1 2.5 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.6 3.9 4.9 6.0 6.2 5.9 6.0 5.8 4.9 4.3 3.9 3.4 2.0 3.4 2.4 3.6
2.8 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.3 1.5 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.3 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.9 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.5 4.1 3.7 3.6 2.9 2.2 2.0 3.4
2.0 2.2 2.1 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.4 2.1 1.8 2.2 3.6 3.5 4.4 4.8 4.5 3.9 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.5
2.1 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.7 3.0 3.4 4.0 4.6 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 2.6 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.6
2.3 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.4 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.0 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.9
July 2019
Hourly Averages Table Ch 1
SITE 0612
PSG Tech
Project: New Project
Location: Peelamedu, Coimbatore
Elevation:
NRG #40 Anem. m/s
Height: 50 m Units: m/s
Serial #: SN:53009
Site Information: Sensor on channel 1:
Generated 05 August 2019 NRG Systems SDR Version 7.08Total 10-minute intervals: 4464 Intervals used in calculations: 4412 Percent data used: 98.8
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17. Wind Rose
Figure. 5 Variation of wind velocity with directions
.32
.32
.30
.34
.33
.32
N
EW
S
July 2019
Wind Rose Ch 1, 7
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Percent of Total Wind Energy
Percent of Total Time
Outer Numbers are Average TIs
Inner Circle = 0%
Outer Circle = 60%
Project: New Project
Location: Peelamedu, Coimbatore
Elevation:
for speeds greater than 4.5 m/s
NRG #40 Anem. m/s
Height: 50 m
Serial #: SN:53009
#200P Wind Vane
Height: 050 m
Serial #: SN:491
Site Information:
Anemometer on channel 1:
Vane on channel 7:
Generated 05 August 2019 NRG Systems SDR Version 7.08Total 10-minute intervals: 4464 Intervals used in calculations: 4412 Percent data used: 98.8
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18. Results...
Month/Year Max. Wind Speed (m/s) Average Wind Speed (m/s)
Jan/2019 4.9 1.7
Feb/2019 3.3 1
Mar/2019 3.6 1.7
Apr/2019 3.7 1.4
May/2019 3.9 1.7
Jun/2019 2.9 1.6
Jul/2019 3.7 1.8
Aug/2019 6.6 2.9
Sept/2019 6.1 2.5
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Table. 4 Recorded Wind Speeds at the Site (PSGCT)

19. Results...
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Figure. 6 Variation of wind velocity (m/s) on hourly basis: Avg. Wind Profile
- 10th July 0030 to 11th July 0020

20. Results...
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Figure.7 Wind Frequency Distribution on for July, 2019
Series1 0 0 3 2 5 6 3 5 5 7 11 7 8 6
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
0 0
3
2
5
6
3
5 5
7
11
7
8
6
y = -0.0064x3 + 0.0929x2 + 0.4659x - 0.3676
R2 = 0.7496
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Ocuurance
Bin (0.2 m/s)
Frequency Distribution

21. Inverse Design Approach
• The geometry is generated by a targetted difference in pressure coefficient
values.
• Step_1: Developing the Governing Equation
• Step_2: Solving the Differential equation
• Step_3: Applying the Boundary Condtions to get the constants
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22. Problem Formulation
Approach1:
• Inverse Boundary Layer Method to find Velocity Distribution that creates
the desired Boundary Layer.
• The resulting velocity distribution is then used as input to a potential-flow
inverse airfoil method that provides the corresponding airfoil shape.
Demerits:
• Single - Point - Post Analysis rectification is necessary.
• Inverse Boundary equations are difficult to be obtained.
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23. Problem Formulation...
Approach2:
• In an interactive and iterative fashion, all of the design goals are achieved
by carefully adjusting the velocity distribution provided as input to the
inverse method.
• Based on feedback from successive analyses and with some experience,
velocity distribution may be changed in the direction necessary to bring the
airfoil closer to the desired goals.
• The method uses conformal mapping to transform the flow about the circle
into that about an airfoil.
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24. Kutta - Joukowski Transformation
• For Z, Real Part: (1)
• Imaginary Part: (2)
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







22
22
1











22
22
1




25. Joukowski Transformation...
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-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
ImaginaryAxis
Real axis
Joukowski Transform
circle foil_transform
Figure.8 Joukowski transformation of circle to airfoil

26. Creation of Control Points
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Figure.8 Potential Flow over unit circle

27. Setting up the Velocity Distribution
At third and fourth segments at α = 5o
plotted as a function of a) arc limit of circle
b) arc length of airfoil c) shape function H12
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Figure.9 Definition of velocity distributions imposed over unit circle

28. Results...
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Figure.10 XFLR5_6.5o Cp plot

29. Results...
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Figure.11 Spline Setting and Airfoil Design

30. Results...
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Figure.12 ModifiedAirfoil cp at 6.5o

31. Results...
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Figure.13 Airfoil Characteristics at Various Angles of Attack

32. Definition of Geometry
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Figure.14 Geometry for 2D - Foil Analysis

33. Definition of Meshing
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Figure.15 Meshing for 2D - Foil Analysis

34. Governing Equations - Solver Physics
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35. Results...
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Figure.16 Airfoil pressure distribution at α =10o

36. Results...
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Figure.17 Histogram - static pressure distribution

37. The Strouhal Number represents a measure
of the ratio of the inertial forces due to the
u n s t e a d i n e s s o f t h e f l o w o r l o c a l
acceleration to the inertial forces due to
changes in velocity from one point to an
other in the flow field.
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Results...
Figure.18 FFT - lift force diagram

38. The Strouhal Number represents a measure
of the ratio of the inertial forces due to the
u n s t e a d i n e s s o f t h e f l o w o r l o c a l
acceleration to the inertial forces due to
changes in velocity from one point to an
other in the flow field.
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Results...
Figure.18 FFT - lift force diagram

39. COURSE CODE. PAGE
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Results...
Figure.19 2d foil - re: 200,000 characteristics
0.24
0.30
1.16
1.61
1.83 1.79
1.62
0.10 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.08
0.14
0.24
0
0.25
1.25
1.7
2.1
2.3
2.1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
ClandCdValues
Angle of Attack
Cl and Cd Vs Alpha - airfoil (Re: 2e5)
Cl Vs Alpha Cd vs Alpha Actual Cl Vs AOA

40. Results...
Angle of Attack Drag (N) Lift (N) Cd Cl
-10 1.6959628 4.0752361 0.099641216 0.2394283
-5 1.1879306 5.1738681 0.069796334 0.30397513
0 0.70006019 19.754193 0.041129941 1.1605985
5 0.93128281 27.440524 0.054714734 1.6121858
10 1.4360859 31.227365 0.084372926 1.8348835
15 2.4394 30.4701 0.14332 1.7902
20 4.0106 27.499 0.2356 1.6156
COURSE CODE. PAGE
Project Work - Phase I
Department of Mechanical Engineering
4018SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY
Table.5 2d foil - re: 200,000 characteristics

41. Results...
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Project Work - Phase I
Department of Mechanical Engineering
4118SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY
Table.6 2d foil - Error Table
Angle of Attack Cl actual Cl experimental Error
-10 0.24 0.1 0.14
-5 0.30 0.25 0.05
0 1.16 1.25 -0.09
5 1.61 1.7 -0.09
10 2.1 1.83 -0.27
15 2.3 1.79 -0.51
20 2.1 1.62 -0.48

42. COURSE CODE. PAGE
Project Work - Phase I
Department of Mechanical Engineering
4218SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY
Results...
Figure.20 2d foil - re: 200,000 characteristics - flow encapsulation
0.43
0.93
1.39
1.81
2.12
2.04
1.50
-0.45
-0.16
0.10
0.32
0.50
0.68
0.79
0.07 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.17
0.25
0.18
0.11 0.10 0.12 0.17
0.26
0.37
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
Cl,Cd
Angle of Attack
S_1223 : 2 foils translated by (25,25)mm
cl_b1 vs aoa cl_b2 vs aoa cd_b1 vs aoa cd_b2 vs aoa

43. Results...
Angle of
Attack
Cd - B1 Cd - B2
Drag - B1
(N)
Drag - B2
(N)
Cl - B1 Cl - B2
Lift - B1
(N)
Lift - B2 (N)
-10 0.067099391 0.17628517 1.1420783 3.0004961 0.42639032 -0.45143836 7.2574598 -7.6837948
-5 0.036646459 0.11402485 0.62374822 1.9407823 0.92731378 -0.16291905 15.783525 -2.7729955
0 0.045425961 0.09974258 0.77318144 1.6976881 1.3938489 0.10113547 23.724278 1.7213961
5 0.071034771 0.12080039 1.2090612 2.0561164 1.8115776 0.31896256 30.834311 5.4289645
10 0.11250632 0.1680308 1.9149358 2.8600011 2.1197935 0.5014316 36.08036 8.5347145
15 0.16867 0.25516 2.8709 4.3429 2.0403 0.68272 34.727 11.62
20 0.24605987 0.37315456 4.18811 6.3513502 1.5036067 0.79312064 25.592432 13.499465
COURSE CODE. PAGE
Project Work - Phase I
Department of Mechanical Engineering
4318SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY
Table.7 2d foil - re: 200,000 characteristics for encapsulation

44. Results (Post)...
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
4418SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY
Figure.21 2d foil - re: 200,000 - streamlines of flow

45. Results (Post)...
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
4518SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY
Figure.22 2d foil - pressure and velocity profiles in flow domain

46. Blade Design
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
4618SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY
Figure. 23 Geometry for 3d blade analysis

47. Definition of Geometry
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
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ME: ENERGY
Figure. 24 Design modeler developed 3d flow domain
Inner (Rotating
Domain)
Blade
Outer (Enclosure)

48. Definition of Flow Domain
Table. 8 Turbine Domain Considerations
Geometry
root
(mm)
tip
(mm)
chord 50 25
thickness 6 3
hub radius 125
blade length 400
inner domain diameter 1200
offset from blade 100 (front); 1000 (rear)
outer domain dimensions
(cushion - x,y,z)
100, 500, 100
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
4818SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY

49. Definition of Meshing
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
4918SE71
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ME: ENERGY
Figure. 25 Meshing for 3d blade analysis

50. Solver - Physics
Table. 9 Fluent physics setup for 3d dynamic meshing
Setup Brief Note
Time Transient
Model k - epsilon (realisable) - enhanced wall treatment
Boundary Conditions Inlet - Velocity (magnitude and direction)
Outlet - Pressure outlet (101325 Pa)
Dynamic Meshing 6 DOF
Created
Blade - Rigid
Body
(Not passive)
Inner Domain - Rigid
Body
(Passive)
Outer Domain -
Deforming Body
DOF Properties Mass - 0.344498 kg (Material - Wood)
Rotation about Y - Axis Only
Moment of Inertia - 0.01708911 kg-m2
COURSE CODE. PAGE
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
5018SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY

51. Results (Post)… (8-10;1-2s)
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
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CLASS.
ME: ENERGY
Figure. 26 Rotational behavior of wind turbine

52. Results (Post)…
Inlet Velocity (m/s) RPM of Turbine
3 6.0375
5 14.083
10 26.988
15 70.348
Table. 10 Speed of Rotation (rpm) @ T = 0 to 100 s
COURSE CODE. PAGE
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
5218SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY

53. Blade Material
• Section: Rectangular, Designed Foil
• Material: Wood, CFRP
Properties of Wood: (Preliminary Testing)
density: 0.00074 g/mm3
ultimate strength: 5301000 Pa
COURSE CODE. PAGE
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
5318SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY

54. Blade Design - Geometry
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
5418SE71
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ME: ENERGY
Figure. 27 Rotational behavior of wind turbine

55. Conclusions
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
5518SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY
Ø The observed weighted mean averaged wind speed at the site
form Jan - Sept, 2019 at PSGCT Campus is 1.8 m/s with 70%
wind relative to 36o NW winds.
ØThe airfoil subjected to numerical analysis gives Clmax = 1.83.
This foil is subjected for 3D analysis.
ØThe scope is to simulate the dynamic behavior of wind turbine
based on the airfoil generated through inverse design and is
implemented successfully.

56. Scope of the Project
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
5618SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY
ØThe scope of the project is to experimentally test the blades
and completely develop the mathematical distribution of velocity
over the profile and generate a design for airfoil.

57. References…
[1] K.S.R. Murthy, O.P. Rahi, A comprehensive review of wind resource
assessment, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 72,
2017, Pages 1320-1342, ISSN 1364-0321,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.038.
[2] C. Balakrishna Moorthy, M.K. Deshmukh, Wind Resource Assessment
Using Computer Simulation Tool: A Case Study, Energy Procedia, Volume
100, 2016, Pages 141-148, ISSN 1876-6102,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.156.
COURSE CODE. PAGE
Project Work - Phase I
Department of Mechanical Engineering
5718SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY

58. References…
[3] Jianzhou Wang, Xiaojia Huang, Qiwei Li, Xuejiao Ma, Comparison of
seven methods for determining the optimal statistical distribution
parameters: A case study of wind energy assessment in the large-scale wind
farms of China, Energy, 2018.
[4] Mehmet Bakırcı, Sezayi Yılmaz, Theoretical and computational
investigations of the optimal tip-speed ratio of horizontal-axis wind turbines,
Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, Volume 21,
Issue 6, 2018, Pages 1128-1142, ISSN 2215-0986,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2018.05.006.
COURSE CODE. PAGE
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
5818SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY

59. References…
[5] An inverse approach for airfoil design M. T. Rahmati, G. A. Aggidis & M.
Zangeneh, Lancaster University, Engineering Department, UK, University
College London, Mechanical Engineering Department, UK, Volume 30, No.
11, November 1992, AIAA.
[6] Generalized Multipoint Inverse Airfoil Design, Selig and Maughmer,
Pennsylvania State University, Volume 32, No. 4, April 1994, AIAA.
[7] Fourier Series Solution for Inverse Design of Aerodynamic Shapes, GS
Dulikravich, DP Baker, Penn State University, USA, Inverse Problems in
Engineering Mechanics, 1998, Elsevier.
COURSE CODE. PAGE
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
5918SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY

60. References…
i. Low Speed Wind Turbine Design, Horizon Gitano – Briggs,
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53141
ii. Guide to manufacturing and modelling of composite wind turbine blades,
Cornell university, MAE 4021 project guide.
iii. Wind turbine blade design, Calvin Phelps, John Singleton, Cornell
university.
COURSE CODE. PAGE
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ME: ENERGY

61. References…
[a]http://vikaspedia.in/energy/energy-production/wind-energy/importance-of-
wind-energy
[b]https://www.weatheronline.in/weather/maps/city?FMM=1&FYY=2010&LMM
=6&LYY=2019&WMO=43321&CONT=inin&REGION=0024&LAND=II&ART=W
ST&R=0&NOREGION=0&LEVEL=162&LANG=in&MOD=tab
[c] https://mnre.gov.in/wind
[d] openstreetmap_contributers
COURSE CODE. PAGE
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Department of Mechanical Engineering
6118SE71
CLASS.
ME: ENERGY