Rates of Mortality

1. “The pleasures of life are worth nothing if
one is not alive to experience them”
MEASURES OF
MORTALITY
A PRESENTATION BY GROUP 6
400 LEVEL, OPTOMETRY
2020/2021 SESSION

2. WHAT IS MORTALITY RATE?
• Mortality rate or Death rate is a
measure of the number of deaths in a
particular location, scaled to the size of
that population, per unit of time.

3.  Epidemiology
-Used to identify population groups that are at
high risk and in need of health service
 Useful for projecting the future size of the
population
 Used for identifying health priorities
 Used for formulating health policies
USES OF MORTALITY DATA

4. Crude Death Rate
Age Specific Mortality Rate
Sex Specific Mortality Rate
Case Fatality Rate (CFR)
Proportionate mortality ratio
Neo-natal Mortality Rate
Infant Mortality Rate
Maternal Mortality Rate
MEASURES OF MORTALITY RATE

5. Crude Death Rate measures the proportion of the
population dying every year per 1000 population
CRUDE DEATH RATE

6. Population varies at different points
during the year, so we conveniently
settle for mid-year population.
Crude Death Rate does not provide a
great deal of information about
mortality. In particular, the risk of dying
varies greatly with age, so we have other
more specific measures like Age-specific,
Sex-specific

7. Case
fatality rate
2%
For every 100
persons
infected with
Covid-19, 2
persons might
die
Case fatality rate represents the probability of
death among diagnosed cases or it is the killing
power of a disease
CASE FATALITY RATE

8. An age-specific mortality rate is a mortality rate limited to a
particular age group.
The numerator is the number of deaths in that age group
The denominator is the number of persons in that age group in
the population
AGE SPECIFIC MORTALITY RATE

9.  From the data below, it’s shown that 80% of the
deaths due to the virus was among the ages 65
upwards. This data was released at MARCH 16,
2020 by the centre for disease control

10. SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY RATE
0
0
SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY RATE tends to measure
how much death occurs in a particular gender

11.  In the recent covid 19,global data has shown
that there is a higher fatality rate in males than
in females. Taking example from a survey
carried out in the U.S on the 5/11/2020 from
the 2/1/2020 to 5/2/2020

12. From of the statistics below, across all Age groups, the
death rate is higher in males compared to females

13.  Sex mortality rate tends to measure how much
death occurs in a particular gender. It had been
discovered that the mortality rate in males is
usually higher than that of females. For example,
in 2002, the death rate from diseases of the heart
among ages 45-54 years was 50.6 per 100,000.
 The death rate from diseases of the heart among
men in the same age group was 138.4 per
100,000, or more than 2.5times as high as the
comparable rate for women. These rates are a
cause-, age-, and sex-specific rates, because they
refer to one cause( diseases of the heart), one age
group(45-54years), and one sex(female or male)

14. •Neo-natal death is when a baby dies in the first 28 days of
life, this is the most vulnerable time for a child's survival
•Neo-natal mortality rate is the probability of dying during
the first 28 days of live expressed per 1000 live births
NEO-NATAL MORTALITY RATE
EXAMPLE: In 2008, there was a total of 150,000 live birth in
Kano, it was recorded that 700 of them died before 28days.
Therefore, the neo-natal rate would be 4.7%

15.  SOME CAUSES OF NEO-NATAL DEATH
• PREMATURE BIRTH: Babies born too early may
have more health challenges than babies born
on time
• LOW BIRTH WEIGHT: Babies born too small
may have more health problems than babies
at a healthy weight

16. The Proportionate Mortality ratio is useful for
identifying the leading cases of death and it asks the
question of “WHAT PROPORTION OF DEATHS ARE
DUE TO A CERTAIN CAUSE?
PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATIO
For example, when we say , the proportionate mortality
ratio for Corona virus disease in Nigeria is 25%, this means
out of 100 total deaths, 25 of them died from corona virus

17. PMR is not a rate so it is not a measure
of the risk of dying because the
numerator is ‘total death’ not “total
persons at risk”
PMR is useful for identifying the leading
cause of death
It provides a measure of the relative
importance of a specific cause of death
in relation to others deaths

18. Infant Mortality Rate assesses the risk of dying
during the first year of life and reflects the health
of the community in which the child is being
brought up.
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
0

19. Maternal Mortality ratio is the number of women who die
from pregnancy related causes per 100,000 live birth
This is a key performance indicator for efforts improve the
health and safety of mothers before, during, and after
childbirth per country worldwide.

20. 910
915
920
925
930
935
2017 2016 2015
MMR
MMR
EXAMPLE:
As at 2017, Nigeria's Maternal Mortality Rate was
917 per 100,000 live birth, it experienced a 0.86%
drop because in 2016, Nigeria’s MMR was 925 per
100,000 live births. At 2015, the MMR was 931

21.  NMUMU SOLOMON
 AIDEYAN SARAH
 OMOTOR OGHENEVWODE PRECIOUS
 AKWAEGBU EMMANUEL
 OGUNGBENLE ODUNAYO
 NKEM VICTOR CHIBUZOR
 AIGWI OSAMUDIAMEN DANIEL
 GILBERT OGOCHUKWU
SUPERVISOR: DR GEORGE ATUANYA