Metals and Non-Metals

1. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858

17. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 ❖Metalloids are the elements which have some properties of metals and non-metals. ❖Some examples of metalloids are boron, Silicon tellurium, germanium, arsenic and antimony. ❖The most abundant metalloid present in the earth is Silicon. ❖It is a second most abundant element in the earth crust after oxygen. Metalloids

18. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 ❖ In nature pure Silicon is too reactive to be found in Free State ❖ So it is found as silica (combined with oxygen) in almost every rock as well as in sand clay, and soil. ❖ It is also found as silicates (combined with oxygen and other elements) . Metalloids

20. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Physical properties of metals and non-metals ❖ Elements are classified as metals and non-metals on the basis of physical properties like conductivity ,Lustre malleability, ductility and strength. ❖ Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance .

23. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 1.Physical State ❖ Metals are normally solids at room temperature. ❖ Mercury is an exception as it remains in liquid form at room temperature. ❖ Gallium also exist in liquid form at temperatures more than 30 degrees Celsius.

24. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 1.Physical State ❖ Most of the non-metals generally exist as solids (sulfur and phosphorus) and gases (oxygen nitrogen and chlorine) at room temperature. ❖ Bromine is only the non- metal that exists as a liquid and room temperature.

31. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Thermal conductivity of metals Can we hold the one end of iron rod while, at the same time other end is being heated? No because we find that the other end becomes very hot. This clearly indicates that metals are good conductors of heat. On the other hand ,non-metals are bad conductors of heat. This is the reason metallic pans are provided with wooden or plastic handles ,as wood and plastic both are non-metals. .

36. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Strength ❖ Most metals such as aluminium , copper and lead are strong and considered as hard solids. ❖ However some metals such as sodium and potassium are soft solids and can be easily cut with a knife . ❖ Non-metals are not as strong as metals. ❖ However diamond a non-metal is known as the hardest natural substance.

38. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Ductility ❖ The property of drawing a metal into the thin wires is called ductility. ❖ Most metals are ductile. Wires are made of copper aluminium and iron. ❖ Have you ever seen wires made up of graphite? Non- metals cannot be drawn into wires as they are not ductile.

39. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Sonorous You must have heard Bells in temple. What are they made of? The bells are made of metals, mostly brass. Metals produce a ringing sound when struck. Therefore, they are said to be sonorous. Non-metals do not produce ringing sound when struck hard and hence they are not sonorous.

40. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Lustre ❖ Metals have a shiny appearance ie, they show a Lustre. ❖ The word Lustre means shine. ❖ Due to their shiny appearance some metals are used in jewellery and for decoration purposes. ❖ Examples of such metals are gold and silver. ❖ Previously mirrors were made up of shiny metals like silver because it is a very good reflector. ❖ Nowadays, mirrors contain a thin coating of metals. ❖ Non-metals have dull surface they cannot be polished to a surface like metals. ❖ Graphite, diamond and iodine are some examples of non- metals that have Lustre.

41. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Malleability

42. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Malleability

44. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Except sodium, potassium and mercury, most metals have very high melting and boiling points compared to non-metals. Non-metals usually have low melting and boiling points. However graphite and diamond have high melting and boiling points . Melting and Boiling Points

48. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Chemical properties of metals and nonmetals ❖ All metals do not show same reactivity with water air and acids. ❖ For example sodium reacts with cold water whereas iron does not react with cold water immediately. ❖ This happens because sodium is more reactive than Iron.

49. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Metals

50. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Non-Metals

57. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 Reactivity series

61. www.lisdoha.com AL-Nasr Campus: cms@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44311390 Oasis Campus: cms.oasis@lisdoha.com, (+974) 44994858 ALLOYS

Metals and Non-Metals

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Metals and Non-Metals