6. Aerodynamics
• coefficient of drag (Cd) -The force of air
resistance on an object.
• At 112 Km/h there's four times more force
working against the car than at 56 Km/h
7. Aerodynamics- Inspiration from nature
• In Japan, the 500-series bullet
trains could travel 300 km/h
but the sound levels exceeded
environmental standards.
• source of noise:
• atmospheric pressure wave
forced in front of the train as it
traveled through a narrow tunnel,
creating a sonic boom at the exit.
• Another source of noise was the
pantograph.
8. Aerodynamics- Inspiration from nature
• Kingfishers move quickly from air, a low-resistance
(low drag) medium, to water, a
high-resistance (high drag) medium.
• The beak is streamlined, steadily increasing in
diameter from its tip to its head.
• This reduces the impact as the kingfisher
essentially wedges its way into the water,
allowing the water to flow past the beak
rather than being pushed in front of it.
• To reduce the pantograph's noise -structures
to the main part of the pantograph to create
many small vortices. This is similar to the way
an owl's primary feathers have serrations that
create small vortices instead of one large one.
9. Aerodynamics- Inspiration from nature
• The more streamlined Shinkansen train not
only travels more quietly, it now travels 10%
faster and uses 15% less electricity.
10. Stability: Inspired from nature
• Box Fish
• Due to its trapezoidal or triangular shape,
and flattened back (its keel), the boxfish is
able to create self-stabilizing vortices using
the turbulent water itself.
12. Stability: Inspired from nature
• Bionic Car
• super-aerodynamic: drag coefficient of 0.19
• Length/width/height - 4243/1815/1594 mm
Wheelbase - 2568 mm
• Engine output - 103 kW/140 hp Max. torque -
300 Nm at 1600-3000 rpm
• Fuel consumption (combined) - 4.3 l/100 km;
• Acceleration 0-100 km/h - 8.2 s
• Max. speed - 190 km/h
13. Tires
• Tires Weakest part of military vehicle.
• If damaged, mobility stops
14. Tires- Inspiration from nature
• Honeycomb bordered by a thick black tread.
• This nature inspired design does not only have:
• Great load bearing capacity
• Reduces excess heat and noise generated during
use, two common problem with past applications.
