Presentation about the latest technology in defence field.

1. By
VEDANT GUPTA
B.Tech Mechatronics
Fourth year

2. Introduction
O Nature has given every living beings a
weapon to protect itself. Some have horns
some have chemical but to human it has
given the most fierce weapon intelligence.
Using the intelligence human has made
many physical weapons throughout history
to fight.

3. Evolution of weapon

4. What is DEWs?
O A directed-energy weapon (DEW) is a ranged
weapon system that inflicts damage at a
target by emission of highly focused energy.
O Potential applications of this technology
include anti-personnel weapon systems,
missile defense system, and the disabling of
lightly armored vehicles or mounted optical
devices.

5. History
O Mirrors of Archimedes
Archimedes Heat Ray conceptual
diagram

6. O According to a legend, Archimedes created a
mirror with an adjustable focal length (or
more likely, a series of mirrors focused on a
common point) to focus sunlight on ships of
the Roman fleet as they invaded Syracuse,
setting them on fire.
O Later research proved it to be just a myth.

7. Types of DEWS
O Microwave weapons
O Particle-beam weapons
O Sonic weapons
O Laser weapons

8. Microwave weapon
O Weapons emitting energy frequency
between 300Mhz-300Ghz are known as
microwave weapons.

9. Particle-beam weapons
O Particle-beam weapons can use charged or
neutral particles, and can be either
endoatmospheric or
exoatmospheric. Particle beams as beam
weapons are theoretically possible, but
practical weapons have not been
demonstrated yet. Certain types of particle
beams have the advantage of being self-
focusing in the atmosphere.

10. Plasma weapons
O Plasma weapons fire a beam, bolt,
or stream of plasma, which is an
excited state of matter consisting of atomic
electrons & nuclei and free electrons
if ionized, or other particles if pinched.

11. Sonic weapons
O This system uses the sound wave.
O The system usually uses ultrasonic sound as
a weapon.

12. O Laser weapon is a weapon which uses laser
as a medium to inflict damage.
O Lasers are basically divided into 2 groups
O Based on energy:-
 Low energy lasers- Used to disrupt vision
 High energy lasers-Used as anti people and
material.
Laser weapons

13. Types of Laser weapons(Based on use)
 Electrolaser=It is a type of electroshock weapon. It
first forms a ionized channel to the target and then
send the electric shock through that channel.
 Pulsed energy projectile= It involves the emission of
an invisible laser pulse which, upon contact with the
target, creates a small amount of exploding plasma,
which produces a pressure wave that stuns the target
and electromagnetic radiation that affects nerve
cells causing a painful sensation.
 Dazzler= A dazzler is a non-lethal weapon which uses
intense directed radiation to temporarily disable its
target with flash blindness.

14. Components of laser weapon
O Beam Control System
O Adoptive Optics
O Solid State laser
O Optical Fibers

15. Adoptive optics
O Adaptive optics (AO) is a technology used to
improve the performance of optical
systems by reducing the effect
of wavefront distortions: it aims at correcting
the deformations of an incoming wavefront
by deforming a mirror in order to
compensate for the distortion.

16. 1. A low-powered laser is sent to the target which
measures the atmospheric conditions.
2. This laser sends the information back to a
computer.
3. A flexible mirror sits behind the exiting mirror.
The computer measures the conditions, then
adjusts the flexible mirror 2,000 times a
second using tiny motors.
4. This occurs much faster than the atmosphere
can change.

17. Tip–tilt correction
O Corrects the tilts of the wavefront in two
dimensions (equivalent to correction of the
position offsets for the image).
O Performed using a rapidly moving tip–tilt
mirror that makes small rotations around
two of its axes. A significant fraction of
the aberration introduced by
the atmosphere can be removed in this way.

18. Working of Lasers
Things needed by a laser
O Lasing medium: a source of atoms that get
excited and emit light of a specific wavelength.
The medium can be a gas, liquid or solid.
O Energy source: primes or pumps the atoms in
the lasing medium to an excited state
O Mirrors: a full mirror and a half-silvered mirror.
The mirrors allow the emitted light to bounce
back and forth within the lasing medium cavity
and ultimately to escape to the outside
O Lens: most lasers have some type of lens to
focus the beam.

19. O Laser ray gun is a solid state laser that uses a number
of flash lamp as an energy primer with a Nd-YAG crystal
as the lasing medium. It requires high voltage of DC
power (about 10KW), which comes from batteries.
O The beam is focused with a collimating lens into a
optical fiber which brings them to the beam director.
O The Adoptive Optics reduces the distortion and makes
wavelength more focused.
O Radio frequency and target sensor keeps the target
object in vision.

21. Advantages
O Direct energy weapons can be used discreetly as radiation
above and below the visible spectrum is invisible and does
not generate sound.
O Light is only very slightly altered by gravity, giving it an almost
perfectly flat trajectory.
O It is also practically immune (in anything resembling normal
planetary conditions) to both windage and Coriolis force. This
makes aim much more precise and extends range to line-of-
sight, and absorption or scattering by intervening
atmospheric contents.
O Their energy travels at the speed of light.
O They can works in all medium therefore are suitable for use
in space warfare.

22. Advantages (Contd…)
O They offer a low cost per use and maintenance.
O They have a virtually unlimited magazine capacity. So
can be used as a weapon for a robotic soldier.
O They are simple to track, aim and shoot with
sophisticated sensors.
O They are less lethal if tuned properly.
O They can engage multiple targets.
O They limit collateral damage.
O Their energy can pass through walls at distances of
hundreds of meters or even miles.

23. Disadvantages
O Power consumption is very high.
O Subjected to diffraction, thus causing low
accuracy therefore wavelength is kept short.
O Size of the platform.