The document discusses English language skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. It provides details on the definition and importance of each skill. For listening, it explains the encoding and decoding process and distinguishes between hearing and listening. Speaking has purposes like informing and types such as briefing. Reading includes skills like skimming and scanning. Writing involves skills such as paragraph writing and essays. The conclusion emphasizes the interdependence of the four language skills.

1. ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS
BY:
ROLL NO. 19011587-038
ROLL NO. 19011587-035
ROLL NO. 19011587-031
ROLL NO. 19011587-030

2. CONTENTS
1. Listening Skills
2. Speaking Skills
3. Reading Skills
4. Writing Skills

3. INTRODUCTION
• There are a set of four capabilities that allow an individual to comprehend and produce spoken
language for proper and effective communication.
• These skills are Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing.
• The first 2 are called Natural Language skills and the other 2 are called artificial skills.

4. 1. LISTENING
• Listening is the communication skill most of us use the most frequently. It is acquired in the native language.
It is what is known as a receptive skill, or a passive skill, as it requires us to use our ears and our brains to
comprehend language as it is being spoken to us.
• The process of listening starts from the very first day and most of our time is spent while listening to others.
It is the process of receiving thoughts, ideas and orders and one can only gain fluency by conscience learning.
• Listening can be defined as the accurate perception of what is being communicated. It may also be defined as
“an active process of receiving aural stimulus”.

5. IMPORTANCE
• A person can’t learn when he is talking, instead he learns when he is listening.
• Good listeners are good leaders, good learners and good speakers

6. THE PROCESS OF LISTENING
Encoding And Decoding
• The encoding of a message is the production of the message. It is a system of coded meanings, and in
order to create that, the sender needs to understand how the world is comprehensible to the members of
the audience.
• The process of decoding takes place as soon as the message reaches the receiver. At this stage, the
listener decides how much information he can use or consider relevant

7. HEARING AND LISTENING
Hearing
• Hearing is simply the recognition of sounds whether these sounds are organized or disorganized. We hear
all sorts of noise around us without paying much attention. Hearing is the process in which sound waves
strike eardrums and cause vibrations that are transmitted to the brain.
Listening
• Listening is a process of giving conscious attention to whatever is being said. Listening occurs when the
brain reconstructs the electrochemical impulses received by ears into representation of original sounds
and then give them meaning

8. 2. SPEAKING
• Speaking is the language skill acquired in the native language. It is what is known as a
productive skill, or an active skill, as it requires us to use our vocal tract and our brains to
correctly produce language through sound. It is the second of two natural language skills. It
helps us to exchange our ideas, share information and express our feelings.

9. 2. SPEAKING
Purposes of informative speaking
• Opportunity to practice your researching
• Organizing and speaking skills
• It is to provide interesting, useful, and unique information to your audience. By dedicating
yourself to the goals of providing information and appealing to your audience.

10. TYPES OF SPEAKING SKILLS
1- Briefing
• In this type of speech, the speaker explains and elaborates the background of any problem or matter and
then presents the present situation to inform and make people aware of the present state of affairs.
2- Instruction
• This type of speech is most of the time is used by the seniors and the superiors in an organization. They
instruct the employees and the juniors to make their performance better and to accomplish the tasks in
the best possible ways.

11. TYPES OF SPEAKING SKILLS
3- Goodwill
• Speech is also used to build goodwill because no business can be run without building goodwill. Such
kind of speech is delivered by the firm’s representative to build confidence among people and to win
customers.
4- Report
• This type of speech is used in meetings, seminars, conferences where a person reads the reports of his
organization to inform as well as inspire people about the performance of his organization.

12. PARTS OF INFORMATIVE SPEECH
Introduction:
• Sets a tone of your speech, to draw the attention of the launch your topic, to draw the attention of audience ask
questions or tell them any quotation and also mention the purpose sentence of your speech.
Body:
• Contains the bulk of information and must be clear and organized.
• To organize the main section of your speech you may choose one of the following organizational plans:
• Topical organization: describe all the information in the shape of separate topics.
• Chronological organization: describe the events as they happened IE: past, present and future.
Summary
• Summarize your whole speech, the whole message should be described here and you shouldn’t go against the
ideas you’ve presented in the body section.

13. 3. READING
• According to Harry S. Trauman
"Reader Are The Leader"
Howard Berg is the word fastest Reader
• Reading is the language skill which is the ability to understand what is written on the paper, we
may acquire in our native language. As with listening, it is a receptive, or passive skill, as it
requires us to use our eyes and our brains to comprehend the written equivalent of spoken language.
It is one of the two artificial language skills, as not all natural spoken languages have a writing
system.
• The examples include: reading a book or a newspaper.

14. TYPES OF READING
There are four reading skills that we’re going to discuss today.
1. Skimming
• Skimming is reading rapidly in order to get a general overview of the material.
• Use skimming in previewing (reading before you read), reviewing (reading after you read),
determining the main idea from a long selection you don't wish to read.
• It is used to get a general idea of the reading. Skimming is often used to determine which material
can be of one’s interest. People often skim when they’re in a hurry.

15. TYPES OF READING
Method of skimming
• Read the title, read the outline or tables of content, read heading and sub-headings, read the first
paragraph, read the first and the last line of every paragraph, look at the illustrations, read the bold, italic
and underlined words, read the last paragraph and also read the chapter summaries if provided.
• while doing this, there are chances that you might miss something as the main idea is not found in the
first or last line of a paragraph and it can be in any other sentence. You should also be careful while
skimming and shouldn’t skim the complicated material.

16. TYPES OF READING
2. Scanning
• Scanning is reading a text quickly in order to find specific information, e.g. figures or names. It can be
contrasted with skimming, which is reading quickly to get a general idea of meaning
• Scanning for research and study
• Scanning,
• It can be helpful for students to search for specific questions.
• One should scan for a single word at the moment and repeat the process every time he wishes to scan
something again.

17. TYPES OF READING
Difference between skimming and scanning:
• The difference between skimming and scanning consists of purpose and technique.
Purpose:
• Skimming is a reading technique meant to give you an idea of what the full text is about.
• Scanning is meant to help you find specific information in a text.
Technique:
• Skimming techniques include reading the introduction, the headlines, or the first phrase of the paragraph.
• On the other hand, scanning means looking over the whole text quickly in search of specific information.
• You skim a text at first sight and decide on whether to read it in full. However, when it comes to scanning, it is
implied that you know at least the information you are looking for.

18. TYPES OF READING
3. Extensive reading skill:
• Extensive reading involves learners reading texts for enjoyment and to develop general reading skills.
Like, A teacher reads a short story with learners, but does not set them any tasks except to read and
listen. In classroom extensive reading is often overlooked, especially as a classroom activity.
4. Intensive reading:
• Intensive reading involves learners reading in detail with specific learning aims and tasks. Intensive
reading, focuses on closely following a shorter text, doing exercises with it, and learning it in detail.
According to this approach, this helps language learners really understand the language’s grammar and
syntax. Example
• The learners read a short text and put events from it into chronological order.

19. 4. WRITING
WRITING SKILL
• According to Hornby (2005), writing means “to make letters or numbers on a surface, especially using a
pen or a pencil.” Richards & Renandya (2002) mention that writing is the most difficult skill for
learners, since they need to generate ideas, organize them and translate these ideas into readable text
which can be very difficult for students.
• Spellings are the main thing that disturbs the learners. Other difficulties are coherence, logical
development of ideas, grammar and punctuation.

20. TYPES OF WRITING SKILLS
Barbara Blackburn is an English lady who can write 150 words in a minute for a duration of 1 hour.
She is regarded as the fastest type of English language.
• Essay writing
• Story writing
• Paragraph writing
• And Report writing are all examples of Writing skills.

21. PARAGRAPH WRITING
A paragraph is a group of sentences organized around a central topic. In fact, the cardinal rule of
paragraph writing is to focus on one idea. A solidly written paragraph takes its readers on a clear path,
without detours Characteristics
Characteristics:
1. Unity.
2. Order.
3. Coherence.
4. Completeness

22. PARAGRAPH WRITING
Types
1. Descriptive Paragraph.
2. Persuasive Paragraph.
3. Narrative Paragraph.
4. Expository Paragraph.

23. ESSAY WRITING
• Essays are shorter pieces of writing that often require the student to hone a number of skills such as close reading,
analysis, comparison and contrast, persuasion, conciseness, clarity, and exposition. As is evidenced by this list of
attributes, there is much to be gained by the student who strives to succeed at essay writing.
• The purpose of an essay is to encourage students to develop ideas and concepts in their writing with the direction of
little more than their own thoughts
Characteristics:
1. Unity
2. Order
3. Brevity
4. Style
5. Personal touch

24. ESSAY WRITING
Types:
1. Descriptive essay
2. Expository essay
3. Narrative essay
4. Persuasive or Argumentative essay

25. STORY WRITING
• A story is basically a narrating of real or imaginary events, involving real or imaginary people.
A story needs to be represented in words necessarily. Even images or moving pictures
(movies) can narrate a story. A story is generally designed to entertain, and/or send a message
across.

26. CONCLUSION
The importance of all the language skills can’t be denied. The first 2 help us in our daily life as
they help to understand others and also know their feelings. Bothe are essential and every human
being learns them naturally . In contrast, the other 2 skills require an individual to work hard and
learn them. Reading and writing has a great importance in academic life and no one can be
successful without having a strong grip on them. So, we can say that to speak fluently, one has to
be keen while listening. In the same way, if one hopes to be a good writer, he must have to
become a good reader at first. All of the skills are hand in hand and require equal time, zeal and
zest to understand them.