Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is an Indian state-owned oil and gas company headquartered in New Delhi. It is the largest commercial enterprise in India. IOCL operates in various areas of the hydrocarbon value chain including refining, transportation, marketing, exploration and production. It has subsidiaries in Sri Lanka, Mauritius and the Middle East. IOCL's main business divisions are refineries, pipelines, marketing, research and development, petrochemicals, exploration and production, and explosives/cryogenics. It produces a wide range of petroleum and petrochemical products and has extensive refining and pipeline infrastructure across India.

1. Report
On
Industrial visit
At
Indian oil corporation Ltd.
Tue, 31 October’17
By
Umang Jagani
GSFC University

2. Indian Oil Corporation Limited
Type Public limited company
Traded as BSE: 530965
NSE: IOC
Industry Oil and gas
Predecessor Indian Refineries Ltd. (1958)
Indian Oil Company (1959)
Founded 1964; 53 years ago in New Delhi
Headquarters New Delhi, India
(Corporate Office)
IndianOil Bhavan, Mumbai, India
(Registered office)
Area served India, Sri Lanka, Middle East, Mauritius
Key people Sanjiv Singh (Chairman)[1]
Products Petroleum, natural gas, and other petrochemicals
Revenue ₹364,081.74 crore(US$57 billion) (2017)[2]
Operating income ₹26,321.24 crore(US$4.1 billion) (2017)
Net income ₹19,106.4 crore(US$3.0 billion) (2017)[2]
Total assets ₹150,113.52 crore(US$23 billion) (2017)[3]

3. History
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) commonly known as IndianOil is an
Indian state owned oil and gas company headquartered in Mumbai. It is the
largest commercial enterprise in the country, with a net profit of INR 19,106
crore for the financial year 2016–17. It is ranked 1st in Fortune India 500 list for
year 2016 and 168th in Fortune's ‘Global 500’ list of world's largest companies
in the year 2017. As of 31st March, 2017 IndianOil's employee strength is
33,135, out of which 16,545 are in the officer cadre.
IndianOil's business interests overlap the entire hydrocarbon value-chain,
including refining, pipeline transportation, marketing of petroleum products,
exploration and production of crude oil, natural gas and petrochemicals.
IndianOil has also ventured into alternative energy and globalization of
downstream operations. It has subsidiaries in Sri Lanka (Lanka IOC), Mauritius
(IndianOil (Mauritius) Ltd) and the Middle East (IOC Middle East FZE).
IndianOil is scouting for new business opportunities in the energy markets
across Asia and Africa. It has also formed about 20 joint ventures with reputed
business partners from India and abroad to pursue diverse business interests.
Indian Oil has its R&D Centre located in Faridabad, Delhi NCR.

4. Operations
World's highest retail outlet, Kaza, Himachal Pradesh
IOCL Petrol Pump in Khammam
An Indian Oil fuel truck on way to Ladakh
A typical IOCL petrol pump in suburban India - Chembur, Mumbai

5. An IOCL refinery at night
An Indian Oil tanker in front of terminal 1C of Chhatrapati Shivaji International
Airport
Business Divisions
There are 7 major Business Divisions in the organization:
 Refineries Division
 Pipelines Division
 Marketing Division
 R&D Division
 Petrochemicals Division
 Exploration & Production (E&P) Division
 Explosives and Cryogenics Division

6. Products and services
Indian Oil accounts for nearly half of India's petroleum products market share,
35% national refining capacity (together with its subsidiary Chennai Petroleum
Corporation Ltd., or CPCL), and 71% downstream sector pipelines through
capacity. The Indian Oil Group owns and operates 11 of India's 23 refineries
with a combined refining capacity of 80.7 MMTPA (million metric tonnes per
annum). Indian Oil's cross-country pipeline network, for transportation of crude
oil to refineries and finished products to high-demand centers, spans over
13,000 Kms. The company has a throughput capacity of 80.49 MMTPA for
crude oil and petroleum products and 9.5 MMSCMD for gas.
The Energy Vision
Welcome to the world of IndianOil, an integrated energy major with presence in
almost all the streams of oil, gas, petrochemicals and alternative energy sources;
a world of high-calibre people, state-of-the-art technologies and cutting-edge
R&D; a world of best practices, quality-consciousness and transparency; and a
world where energy in all its forms is tapped most responsibly and delivered to
the consumers most affordably.

7. Advanced R&D
IndianOil’s sprawling R&D Centre at Faridabad, one of Asia’s finest in downstream
petroleum R&D, offers competitive advantage to the Corporation through world-class
technology and process solutions and innovative products. With four decades of
pioneering work in lubricants formulation, refinery processes and pipeline
transportation, the Centre has garnered over 550 patents, of which over 360 are
international patents.
The vibrant research undertaken in Tribology is showcased by
IndianOil’s SERVO productline comprising more than 4,000 lubricant & grease
formulations to suit virtually every application. In addition, the Centre has also
developed several refinery process technologies and catalysts, specially suited to
Indian conditions. The Centre’s forte also includes alternative energy programmes in
bio-energy, solar energy, Hydrogen energy, H-CNG blends, synthetic fuels and shale
oil. It is also focusing on cutting- edge research in nanotechnology, petrochemicals &
polymers, coal gasification/liquefaction, and gas-to-liquid technologies. The Centre is
also nurturing an eco-system conducive for innovations in the domestic hydrocarbons
sector through a Startup Fund.

8. Synergy beyond Energy
Over the past decade, IndianOil has assiduously built its new businesses, that is, petrochemicals and natural
gas marketing, to a level where they have achieved integration into the core verticals. The Corporation’s
upstream forays into exploration & production have also yielded significant results in the form of a sizeable
portfolio of oil & gas assets.
Besides being the second largest player in the domestic petrochemicals market, IndianOil exports to over 70
countries,offering the complete slate of petrochemical products and intermediates under the brand
name PROPEL. The Corporation operates a world-scale Naphtha Cracker at its Panipat Refinery complex in
Haryana, with four downstream units for production of polymer (plastics) intermediates. An integrated PX/PTA
(Paraxylene/Purified Terephthalic Acid) plant, also set up at Panipat, produces polyester intermediates.
IndianOil also operates the country’s largest LAB (Linear Alkyl Benzene, used in the production of detergents)
plant at its Koyali Refinery.

9. IndianOil took up natural gas marketing in 2004. Since then, it has expanded its customer base extensively by
leveraging its strengths and countrywide reach. Its innovative ‘LNG at the doorstep’ initiative has benefited bulk
users located away from gas pipelines. As co-promoter of PLL (Petronet LNG Ltd.), which has set up LNG
(Liquefied Natural Gas) import terminals at Dahej & Kochi, IndianOil has marketing rights for 30% of the LNG
procured by PLL. It is setting up a 5-MMTPA terminal at Ennore near Chennai for LNG imports and is also
sourcing more LNG directly to meet the increasing domestic requirements.
IndianOil currently operates city gas distribution (CGD) networks in Agra and Lucknow through Green Gas
Ltd., its joint venture with GAIL (India) Ltd. It is also implementing CGD projects in Chandigarh, Allahabad,
Panipat, Daman, Ernakulam, Udhamsingh Nagar and Dharwad through a joint venture with Adani group.
IndianOil has built a sizeable portfolio of oil & gas assets, with participating interest in eight domestic and nine
overseas blocks. The nine overseas blocks
are located in Libya, Gabon, Nigeria,
Yemen, Venezuela, Russia, Canada and
USA. The Corporation’s E&P
business got a shot in the arm when an
Indian consortium with IndianOil acquired
23.9 % of Vankor & 29.9% of Taas assets
in Russia from Rosneft.
In line with its plans to augment refining & pipelines capacities and marketing infrastructure, to expand

10. Fuelling India’s Green Energy Quest
IndianOil has ambitions plans to broaden its energy basket with alternative
energy options; the Corporation envisages setting up 260 MW of renewable
energy (wind and solar) over the next five years.
Wind-power systems totaling 168 MW have been installed in Gujarat, Andhra
Pradesh and Rajasthan. The total installed capacity of solar PV is 20 MW,
which includes 9.5 MW grid-connected solar projects and 10.5 MW off-grid
projects.
petrochemicals and gas marketing infrastructure, and to enrich its E&P portfolio, IndianOil has invested Rs.
70,054 crore during the XII Plan period (2012-17).

11. The Corporation has so far converted about 6,600 of its fuel stations to operate
on solar energy as a major initiative to reduce carbon emissions. Their
cumulative capacity is about 26 MW.
About 560 rain-water harvesting systems have been installed at various
refineries, terminals, depots and housing complexes of IndianOil. With a total
catchment area of 950 hectares, about 3 billion litres of water is being harvested
annually.

12. Sustaining Responsible Growth
As one of the flagship public sector enterprises of India, IndianOil has
successfully combined its corporate social responsibility agenda with its
business offerings, meeting the energy needs of millions of people every day,
across the country.
The Corporation has been partnering communities in which it operates by
supporting innumerable initiatives connected with health, family welfare,
education, environment protection, provision of potable water, sanitation, and
empowerment of women and other marginalized groups. IndianOil has always
been leading from the front in times of national emergencies, and has time and
again rallied to help victims of natural calamities by maintaining uninterrupted
supply of petroleum products and contributing to relief and rehabilitation
measures in cash and kind.

13. Special Products
 Benzene
 Food Grade Hexane
 Jute Batching Oil
 Micro Crystalline Wax
 Mineral Turpentine Oil
 Paraffin Wax
 Propylene
 Sulphur
 Toluene
Benzene
Benzene is a basic Aromatic chemical produced by Petroleum Refineries,
Petrochemical & Steel Plants and used for production of various downstream
petrochemicals like detergents, insecticides, resins and nylon tyres. Benzene is a
by-product from PX/PTA plant at Panipat Refinery.
Steel plants produce Benzene in the aromatic recovery units from the coke oven
gas. Besides, Petrochemical units also produce Benzene.
Production
Production of Benzene by various refineries and other units are as under :-
Refinery P&S Products
IndianOil Refineries :
IndianOil Koyali 45.0
IndianOil Panipat 36.0
End Use
Benzene is the primary petrochemical which is used extensively for production
of various downstream petrochemicals such as Caprolactum, Linear Alkyl
Benzene (LAB), Styrene, Maleic Anhydride, Insecticides, Pesticides, Phenol,

14. etc. Benzene is also used for production of thinners for Paint Industry and also
as solvents.
Marketing arrangement
Benzene is sold ex Panipat Refinery on ex MI basis through customers' tank
trucks.
Carbon Black Feed Stock (CBFS)
CBFS in the raw material for manufacture of carbon black, which is used by the
tyre industry. A small portion of this product is also used by processors to make
various downstream chemicals like Agarbatti Oil, White Oil etc. This is also
used for manufacture of Rubber Process Oils. There are two types of CBFS viz.
High BMCI type and General type. "BMCI" (Bureau of Mines Co-relation
Index) effectively measures the degree yield of Carbon Black. The higher the
number, the better the yield of Carbon Black. Sulphur content in CBFS reduces
the effect of BMCI value.
Production
High BMCI CBFS is produced only at Barauni Refinery of IOC. The other
grade is produced at Haldia and CPCL Refineries. High BMCI CBFS is taken
by Carbon Black Manufacturers.
End Use
High BMCI CBFS is used as raw material by Carbon Black manufacturers. The
other grade is used by various consumers to manufacture rubber process oils,
agarbattis etc.
Marketing arrangement
CBFS is sold only on ex MI basis from Barauni, Haldia and CPCL refineries.
Supplies through Railway Tank wagons can be given from Barauni Refinery.
Micro Crystalline Wax
The MC Waxes are produced usually from distillate residues and are of
following two types based on the melting point :
Flexible MCW : Low molecular weight, low melting point wax produced from
heavy Petroleum residues of either Paraffinic or mixed base crude oils and also
by refining bright slack waxes from the propane deasphalted (PDA) stocks.
They can be further classified into two groups viz. Food Grade & Non-food
Grade based on UV absorption test.

15. Hard MCW : High molecular weight, high melting point wax is produced from
crude oil tank bottom or fractionation of residual MCWs.
Several blends with intermediate properties are also possible and marketed.
They differ from refined P. Waxes in size and structure of crystals due to
difference in molecular weight. MCWs are more tougher, flexible and have high
melting point & tensile strength. They are more adhesive and less lustrous and
greasy. The binding properties are much better to P. Waxes thereby preventing
the sweating out of the liquid
End Use
Rubber Industry : as an additive to provide softness, lustre and weathering
protective for household & industrial rubber goods.
Tyre Industry : as an ingredient of rubber compounding in tyre industry to
provide protection against action of light, oxygen & ozone.
Petroleum Jelly : The unique property of MCW to bind oil with other liquids is
used for manufacture of jellies required for industrial, pharmaceutical and jelly
filled telecommunication cable applications. Industrial jellies are used for
coating on machines, tools etc to act as a barrier against corrosion. Jellies of
pharmaceutical grade are used in production of ointments and cosmetic creams.
PVC Extrusion : as external lubricants in extrusion of PVC resins.
Hot-melt Adhesives : are used in packaging, tapes, disposables, footwear.
Other uses : Wax solutions are used in the calibration of lab glassware, polishes.
It is also used in cosmetics and textile finishing.
Distribution Channels : The product is marketed to direct customers & through
traders/distributors.
Paraffin Wax
Paraffin Wax is produced only from refineries, which have wax production
units. There are three types of Paraffin Wax namely Type-1, Type-2 and Type-
3. These categories are based on the oil content.

16. Raw Petroleum Coke
Production
Paraffin Wax is produced only at Digboi and CPCL Refineries of IndianOil.
End Use
The major use of Paraffin Wax is for candle manufacture. The other uses are for
manufacture of Tarpaulin and wax papers.
Marketing arrangement
Paraffin Wax is sold ex Digboi refinery as well as other upcountry storage
points – Bassein (Maharashtra), Bijwasan (Delhi), Chennai (Tamil Nadu),
Jalandhar (Punjab), Sambalpur (Orissa) and Sanathnagar (Andhra Pradesh), on
ex MI basis. It is also sold through Distributors.
Propylene
Propylene is a light distillate product produced by IOC Mathura & Panipat.
Cracked LPG ex LPG Merox unit is fed to the De-Propaniser where Butane and
heavier components are removed from the bottom. The De-Propaniser overhead
containing Propylene & Propane is fed to the C3+ Splitter where Propylene and
Propane are separated. The splitter overhead containing Propylene is treated
with Mono Ethanol Amine & Caustic for removing impurities like H2S & COS.
This treated Propylene is water washed and passed through a Coalescer, for
removal of free water, before routed as finished product.
Production
Refinery Capacity (TMTPA)
Mathura 24
Panipat 24

17. Raw Petroleum Coke
Raw Petroleum Coke (RPC) is "bottom of the barrel" product of refinery. This
is a solid product. The recent trend of coker units is with view on resid
upgradation and maximization of middle distillates. There are two distinctive
grades of RPC viz. Calcination or Green RPC and Fuel Grade or Petcoke.
Production
Calcination grade RPC is produced at Barauni, BRPL, Digboi and Guwahati
refineries of IOC. Fuel Grade Petcoke is product at Panipat refinery of IOC
End Use
Calcination Grade RPC is used for production of Anodes for the Aluminium
Industry. Fuel Grade Petcoke is used primarily by Cement Plants.
Marketing arrangement
RPC and Petcoke are sold only ex refineries on ex MI basis. There are no other
storage / sales points for these products
Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB)
IndianOil LAB plant was commissioned at Vadodara in August 2004 as a
venture into petrochemicals downstream segment. The plant uses Kerosene and
Benzene produced by the refinery as the main feed stocks for manufacture of
Linear Alkyl Benzene. With fuel oil also available in-house for energy, the LAB
plant is fully integrated with the refinery. The plant is based on the latest UOP
DETAL technology and is designed to produce Low Molecular Weight (LMW)
and High Molecular Weight (HMW) LAB
N-Paraffin of required C-chain length is extracted from Kerosene in Molecular
Extraction Unit. It is de-hydrogenated into corresponding olefins in PACOL and
DeFining unit. Thereafter alkylation of Benzene is done with these mono olefins
to form Linear Alkyl Benzene. Some heavy Alkylate generated during the
process is separated out by fractionation.

18. Applications
Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB) with appropriate chain length is predominantly
used as a raw material in the manufacture of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic
Acid (LABSA) by reaction with Sulfuric Acid in liquid phase or by Sulfur
Trioxide in gaseous phase. In downstream segment, LABSA is then neutralized
with Caustic Soda to form its Sodium salt LAS-Na. This surfactant is used in
the manufacture of synthetic detergents in liquid, cake or powder form. Very
small amounts of LAB are also known to have uses in ink manufacture.
Advantages of DETAL Process
The Advantages of DETAL process over traditional Hydrogen Flouride (HF) or
Aluminium Tri Chloride (AICI3) process.
 Low non-alkylbenzene components, in particular low contents of Tetralins,
improved linearity are the parameters that contribute to the rate of higher
biodegradation of the ultimate LAS product. Higher biodegradability
contributes to ecology.
 Non generation of any acidic discharge and hence no effluent treatment is
necessary in LAB manufacturing unit
 Because of lower Bromine Index it gives high quality and maximum yield of
LABSA with low Klett value color which does not require further treatment.