This presentation with the accompanying field trip guide, aims to foster environmental literacy of non-science students and to train them to look at environment-related issues from a critical perspective. With these books, students will obtain knowledge on fundamental environmental ethics and the principles involved. They will be in a position to apply these ethical principles in debates on local and global environment-related issues. Issues covered in the presentation include life sciences, resource management, food safety, health, sustainability, nature conservation and the ecological footprint, as well as other topical issues related to the environment throughout the earth.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD
PRESENTATION
Group: Сибк-22-11
Student: Kenzhebek Ulykbek
Teacher: Zhanna Erzhanova
Almaty 2022

2. With the help of many surveys and a lot of research, it has been found that
more than 50% of people across the globe believe that abrupt climate
change is the biggest global concern. It is seriously impacting the health of
our planet and is the reason behind so many other problems, for example
more droughts, more floods and many other extreme events. The good
news is that most people are ready to change their lifestyle to fix it and
save the environment.

3. The environmental problems which our world experiences now fall under three
major categories, pollution, degradation of natural resources and conflicting land use.
It is most likely that none of the said major categories is new to you. In fact most of
them are discussed in some TV documentary, books and even in youtube.
Here the specific environmental problem.
Pollution
Air Pollution

4. Water pollution is the contamination of water sources by substances which make the
water unusable for drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming, and other activities. Pollutants
include chemicals, trash, bacteria, and parasites. All forms of pollution eventually make
their way to water. Air pollution settles onto lakes and oceans. Land pollution can seep
into an underground stream, then to a river, and finally to the ocean. Thus, waste dumped
in a vacant lot can eventually pollute a water supply.
Water Pollution

5. Land and soil pollution is largely the product of poor agricultural practices, inefficient irrigation,
improper hazardous chemicals and nuclear waste management, and a range of industrial, military and
extractive activities. Pollutants degrade soils and thus humans and wildlife living near former industrial
sites and reclaimed lands are at risk of exposure to pollution if sites are not decontaminated carefully and
properly.
The primary pollutants of concern in land and soil are heavy metals, such as lead, mercury and others,
pesticides and other persistent organic pollutants, and pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics used for
livestock management. Sources of heavy metal pollution include mining operations, preparation of
nuclear fuels, coal burning, chemical production, leather tanning, electronic waste, and industrial waste.
Heavy metal pollution is a public health risk, especially for children and pregnant women as heavy
metals can become highly concentrated in soils and lie dormant, without decaying, for many years.
Land/Soil Pollution

6. Air, water and land pollution are serious problems of many countries in this era
of industrialization. It is true that industrialization is a means to achieve better
socio-economic conditions. But it is also a fact that industrialization is
accompanied by problems which endanger the health of people and the lives of
plants and animals. The rise of this pollution in many parts of the world has
reached an alarming point that scientists look at the problem to mean slow death
to the organisms living in the polluted areas.

7. Degradation of Natural Resources
Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land. Throughout history and into modern
times, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing, and to obtain
wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction.
Deforestation has greatly altered landscapes around the world. About 2,000 years ago, 80
percent of Western Europe was forested; today the figure is 34 percent. In North America,
about half of the forests in the eastern part of the continent were cut down from the 1600s to
the 1870s for timber and agriculture. China has lost great expanses of its forests over the past
4,000 years and now just over 20 percent of it is forested. Much of Earth’s farmland was once
forests.
Today, the greatest amount of deforestation is occurring in tropical rainforests, aided by
extensive road construction into regions that were once almost inaccessible. Building or
upgrading roads into forests makes them more accessible for exploitation. Slash-and-burn
agriculture is a big contributor to deforestation in the tropics. With this agricultural method,
farmers burn large swaths of forest, allowing the ash to fertilize the land for crops. The land is
only fertile for a few years, however, after which the farmers move on to repeat the process
elsewhere. Tropical forests are also cleared to make way for logging, cattle ranching, and oil
palm and rubber tree plantations.

8. Deforestation can result in more carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere. That
is because trees take in carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis, and carbon is
locked chemically in their wood. When trees are burned, this carbon returns to the
atmosphere as carbon dioxide. With fewer trees around to take in the carbon dioxide, this
greenhouse gas accumulates in the atmosphere and accelerates global warming.
Deforestation

9. The world is facing a reckoning when it comes to energy supply. Despite decades
of calls to reduce dependency on fossil fuels, countries have persisted on the
widespread use of coal, oil and gas to fuel their economies. Not only has the
burning of fossil fuels been responsible for rising carbon emissions that drive
global heating, but we have created a globalized world in which food and energy
systems are highly concentrated – which makes them extremely vulnerable to
disruption.
Energy shortage

10. Soil is the earth’s fragile skin that anchors all life on Earth. It is comprised of countless
species that create a dynamic and complex ecosystem and is among the most precious
resources to humans. Increased demand for agriculture commodities generates incentives
to convert forests and grasslands to farm fields and pastures. The transition to agriculture
from natural vegetation often cannot hold onto the soil and many of these plants, such as
coffee, cotton, palm oil, soybean and wheat, can actually increase soil erosion beyond the
soil’s ability to maintain itself.
Half of the topsoil on the planet has been lost in the last 150 years. In addition to erosion,
soil quality is affected by other aspects of agriculture. These impacts include compaction,
loss of soil structure, nutrient degradation, and soil salinity. These are very real and at
times severe issues.
Soil erosion

11. People, unfortunately, forget that we are a part of nature. We must live in harmony with
nature and take care of it. We need to rethink how we consume natural resources. People
must be aware that the natural world is on the verge of collapse. People must recognise
that they are not the primary users of the Environment and construct Environmentally
suitable homes. We must consider future generations and what will be left behind after
we are gone. People come up with remedies to Environmental Issues. We recycle trash,
develop electric automobiles, reduce air, water, and soil Pollution, and restore land
erosion by planting new trees. But it is not enough; people must drastically alter their
lifestyles until nature takes the last drastic measures.

12. Saving our planet from these Environmental Issues is the responsibility of every
individual. If preventive measures are not taken then our future generation will
have to face major repercussions. Government is also taking steps to create
public awareness. Every individual should be involved in helping to reduce and
control Pollution.