Mike Toth, 'More than the Eye Can See: Digital Humanities Spectral Imaging'.
Building on advances in imaging technology, teams of specialists have refined spectral imaging capabilities and adapted them to meet the needs of cultural heritage and digital humanities (DH) research. Proven advanced spectral imaging equipment, techniques and work processes have become standardized tools to support cultural heritage studies of manuscripts, materials and objects. University College London and other institutions are advancing spectral imaging and digitization capabilities for cultural heritage studies. Advanced imaging systems allow studies of the overall object, as well as specific key areas of interest, with transfer of digital data to DH scholars, curators and conservators for further evaluation and study. Spectral imaging and digitization now provides important data for study in institutions ranging from the ancient library of St. Catherine’s Monastery of the Sinai and the Vatican Apostolic Library to the Petrie Museum (UCL), Library of Congress and private collections. Wherever they are located and whatever culture they represent, each institution is grappling with the challenges of preserving digital information for future generations and making it available for free access. Effective spectral imaging requires not just collection of quality images, but the ability to manage and exploit large amounts of integrated data and metadata for cultural heritage studies. A medium-format monochrome camera takes a series of high-quality digital images, each illuminated by a specific wavelength of light from low-heat LED light sources. Digitally processing and combining the resulting image set can reveal important features on the objects that are not visible to the eye in natural light. Data management, operation, training, information storage and access are required for the collaborative analysis of the images and image products from the spectral imaging system. Data collected in standard formats can be made available for access and sharing for further analysis. With common standards and techniques, this can include collaboration with other DH studies and data. Integration is also possible with other standard digital images or data collected with other camera systems and scientific instruments, as is being done with mummy masks at UCL. Speaker's bio: Mike Toth integrates and manages new technologies for digital study, access and preservation of cultural objects, including in the Walters Art Museum, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, and British Library. In partnership with DTEK, Phase One and Equipoise Imaging, he is supporting the integration of spectral imaging systems into digital humanities studies and institutions.
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Mike Toth, 'More than the Eye Can See: Digital Humanities Spectral Imaging'.
- 1. from R.B Toth Associates m.toth@ucl.ac.uk www.rbtoth.com More Than the Eye Can See: Digital Humanities Spectral Imaging @michabt Eureka! Group UCLDH Seminar with Michael B. Toth UCL Honorary Research Associate
- 7. www.rbtoth.com © Copyright Licensed for use by St. Catherine's Monastery of the Sinai Spectral Imaging
- 9. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com Narrowband Illumination Broadband Light Source R G B I R G B Sensor U U Lens I Cultural Heritage Object Colored Filter Broadband Light Source Sequential Illumination by each LED Sensor Lens Narrowband LEDs Cultural Heritage Object B Narrowband LEDs B UV Others Others UV 1 2 3 n n n n 3 2 1 Sequential Illumination by each LED Narrowband Filtered
- 10. www.rbtoth.com Palimpsest Undertext Visual Appearance PseudocolorLicensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Access Rights
- 11. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com 88r2 1 πὸ τοῦ Β ἐπὶ τὸ Κ ἐυθεῖα ἄχθω 2 και ἐπεζεύχθωσαν αἱ ΒΚ καὶ 3 ΚΑ ΚΛ ἴσας ποιοῦσαι γωνίας. 4 γεγράφθω δὲ καὶ κέντρῶι τῶι 5 Κ περιφέρειά τις ἁ ΞΟΠ ἐν τῶι 6 ἐπιπέδωι καὶ ἐν τῶι ὑγρῶις. τὰ 7 δὴ μέρη τοῦ ὑγροῦ τὰ κατὰ τᾶς 8 ΞΟΠ περιφερείας ἐξ ἴσου τε κεί 9 μενα καὶ συνεχόμενα ἀλλήλοις. 10 θλίβονται τὸ μὲν κατὰ τὴν ΞΟ 11 περιφέρειαν τῶι ὑγρῶι τῶι κα 12 τὰ τὸν ΞΒΑ τόπον, τὰ δὲ κατὰ 13 τὰν ΠΟ περιφέρειαν τῶι ὑγρῶι 14 τῶι κατὰ τὸν ΠΟ ΒΛ τόπον. ἴσσσον 15 οὖν θλίβονται τὰ μέρη τοῦ ὑγροῦ 16 τὰ κατὰ τὰν ΞΟ περιφέρειαν © Copyright Owner of the Archimedes Palimpsest Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Access Rights Archimedes Palimpsest 1998-2008 www.archimedespalimpsest.net
- 13. www.rbtoth.com f177: “On the Measurement of the Circle” f172: “Stomachian”
- 14. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com Jan 2001 Proof of Concept 2003 20082004 2005 2006 Manuscript Study Information and Imaging Technology Archimedes Palimpsest Program 2003 20082004 2005 2006 2007 Oct 1998 Palimpsest Purchased Sep 1998 Google Founded 10,000 queries/day 2007 Google indexes 4.28+ billion web pages 250+ million search results/day 20072000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 1999 1999 1998 1998 Imaging Sep 2003 Firefox Released Oct 2001 XML 2d Ed. Standard 1998 Kodak DC210+ 1.0 Megapixel Camera 2003 Kodak DX 6440 4 Mp Camera 2007 Kodak V1003 10 Mp Camera 2001 Kodak DCS 760 6.1 Megapixel Camera 2001 Archimedes Draft Metadata Standard 2007 Stokes 256 Mp Imaging System Apr 2001 – Nov 2006 Phased Optical Imaging and Stitching Aug 2007 Optical Imaging April 2004 ADITUP Conference 2000 Study Phase 2003 Archimedes Forum 2005-2006 XRF Imagining 2006 POC Data Release 2001 Method Sciamus Paper 2003 Stomachion NYTimes Article 2004 Hyperides 2005 Aristotle Commentary 2008 Data Release 2007-2008 Transcriptions Changing Technologies
- 17. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com St. Catherine’s Monastery, Sinai 2009- Present http:/ / sinaipalimpsests.org/
- 19. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com David Livingstone Diaries http:/ / www.livingstoneonline.org
- 22. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com Integration of Data This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License.
- 23. www.rbtoth.com Prototype LED Illumination System, November 2006 Camera Manuscript Optical Fibers LEDs “National Treasure: Book of Secrets” December 2007 Equipoise Imaging Illumination System Development
- 24. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com Equipoise Imaging 2007 LED Illumination Dr. Bill Christens-Barry Equipoise Imaging
- 31. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com Metadata Metadata is structured information that describes, explains, locates, or otherwise makes it easier to retrieve, use, or manage an information resource. Metadata is often called data about data or information about information. National Information Standards Organization, 2004
- 32. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com Metadata & Standards Development: • Define consensus standards and metadata elements to be used in pilot digitization o Include required cataloging & metadata standards, standardized vocabulary, schemas and crosswalks Metadata and Standards Review: • Define, document, review key metadata elements and pilot project standards with major stakeholders and partners. Data Planning
- 34. www.rbtoth.com Imaging Metadata Six Types of Metadata Elements: 1. Identification Information 2. Spatial Data Reference Information 3. Imaging & Spectral Data Reference Information 4. Data Type Information 5. Data Content Information 6. Metadata Reference Information (including Extensions)
- 35. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com Simple Data Structure ReadMe Technical ReadMe Data Supplemental Access Core Images Access Other Images
- 36. www.rbtoth.com Syriac Galen Palimpsest 2009- Present
- 38. Privately-owned manuscript • All 300 GB Raw & Processed Data Freely Available • Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Access Rights • All Information & Metadata in Single Digital Data Set http://digitalgalen.net/
- 39. www.rbtoth.com Ongoing Galen Studies In 166r-171v, the right column corresponds to BL Add 14661 72v (and to the Greek text in Kühn XII 148-150) [identification made on the basis of the phrase ܢܐܝܬܝܗܘ ܕܬܪܝܢ ܒܛܟܣܐ ,ܡܝܒܫܝܢ “they are drying in the second degree”, legible in the gutter region, which belongs in the first of the Φ passages devoted to lentils; a banal enough phrase, certainly, but one that I happened to have typed recently in working on the comparative material for the “lentil” section of Ḥunayn’s compilation]. Of these two leaves, I considered the first (166r-171v) to be, for our November work meeting…: the text contained in the left column corresponds to a part of BL Add 14661 that is missing. I had forgotten that there was a lacuna in BL Add 14661 between fol. 72v and 73r (Wright 1872, p. 1187 [“… the last (quire) being imperfect, owing to the loss of two leaves after fol. 72…”]; Merx 1885, p. 301 [“Hier tritt ein Lücke im Text ein, der Fol. 73a mit χ weiter geht”]). The left column of this leaf contains the first part of the Syriac text from that lacuna.
- 43. www.rbtoth.com Galen Palimpsest Leaf at St. Catherine’s Monastery
- 44. www.rbtoth.com Syriac New Finds 65 Licensed for use by St. Catherine's Monastery of the Sinai
- 45. www.rbtoth.com Vat. Sir. 647 & 623
- 46. www.rbtoth.com Vat. Sir. 647 Folio 039v PCA Processed Images by Bill Christens-Barry
- 47. www.rbtoth.com Bibliothèque nationale de France BnF syr. 382 Spectral Imaging COMPLETED 15 May, 2015
- 49. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com Scholarly Study Dear Irene, Grigory, Matthias, and Siam, Mike Toth and Bill Christens-Barry invited Jimmy and me to the BnF yesterday to observe their ultraviolet photography [sic] of a “wandering” leaf of the Syriac Galen Palimpsest that Grigory had tracked down last year. They sent us the results this morning; one passage is particularly legible (shown here): it’s the first line of column A of the undertext of the leaf, and it reads, quite clearly: ܐܠܝܚ ܐܥܪܐܕ ̇ܗܝ ܐܬܝܣܟܘܛܣܐ “The power/faculty of that elemental earth …" perhaps (but not certainly) followed in the second line by ܝܗܘܬܝܐܕ “which is…” The first line is specific enough to be useful for a word search. This particular sequence of words is not found in BL Add 14661, so the BnF leaf probably does not belong to Books VI-VIII of the Simples. Given the theoretical nature of the topic, it is plausible that it comes from Books I-V….
- 50. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com Freely Accessible Data (Except BAV Images Currently) Privately owned, Harvard, St. Catherine’s, BnF Images http://digitalgalen.net/ All under Creative Commons License
- 51. www.rbtoth.com Collation Tool http://dorpdev.library.upenn.edu/collation/Galen/Galen/Galen-1.html
- 52. Fragmentarium is: • Fragmentarium is a scholarly network for medieval manuscript fragments Fragmentarium will provide: • A basis for digital fragment research • An open-source web application to upload, catalogue and assemble fragments • The possibility to create an international inventory of medieval manuscript fragments Team: • Christoph Flüeler (Principal Investigator; e-codices) Sylviane Messerli (Project Director) Veronika Drescher & Martin Wünsche (PhD students) • Web application: text & bytes LLC Sponsors: • Swiss National Science Foundation; Stavros Niarchos Foundation; Zeno Karl Schindler Foundation A project coordinated by the Medieval Institute of the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). Partners: – Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich – Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana – Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, together with the BIBLISSIMA team for excellence – Bodleian Library, together with St. Edmund Hall, University of Oxford – Center for History and Palaeography – National Bank of Greece Cultural Foundation, Athens – Harvard University Library, Cambridge MA, together with the Medieval Academy of America – The Schøyen Collection, Oslo and London – Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna – Stanford University Libraries – Stiftsbibliothek, St. Gallen – The British Library, London – Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio meridionale – Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig – Herzog-August-Bibliothek, WolfenbüttelSt. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 635, Spine
- 53. www.rbtoth.com “It’s likely to be a central text once it’s fully deciphered,” said Dr. Pormann of the University of Manchester. “We might discover things we really can’t dream of yet.”
- 57. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com Integrated Imaging Multispectral X-ray Fluorescence Analysis and Scanning X-ray MicroCT Imaging Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
- 58. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com Providing Access 1. Access to data • By People • By Machines 2. Intellectual Property • Global Storage & Access
- 59. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com Digital Enablers • Dynamic online collaboration • Broadly accepted standards • Free Licensed Access
- 62. www.rbtoth.comwww.rbtoth.com “Preservation” Challenges • Sufficient storage for multiple large image sets • Globally replicate data online • Rapid access via Internet
- 63. Photograph by Mark Schrope © 2012 Used with permission @michabt Follow Eureka! Medieval Manuscripts on the Web digitalgalen.net thedigitalwalters.org Thank You sinaipalimpsests.org livingstone.library.ucla.edu/1871diary/ m.toth@ucl.ac.uk