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The Seed of Junior Resident #1
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The Seed of Junior Resident #1
1.
#1 土橋 哉仁
2.
AM2時 30歳女性 蕁麻疹で来ます!
3.
30歳女性 蕁麻疹 • アレルギー:薬物・食物・アレルゲンの吸入や接触 •
輸血反応 • 感染症 • 昆虫 • 自己免疫疾患 • 悪性疾患 • 物理的刺激:皮膚描記法、寒冷、コリン作動性 • 肥満細胞症 • 遺伝 • 特発性
4.
お昼に息子のお宮参りに行って、お膳を食べた →卵、エビ、そばを食べた 夜はうどんと天ぷら その後運動などはしていない 深夜にお腹がゆるい感じ+息苦しさを自覚し、トイレへ →蕁麻疹の出現 現在服薬はしていない 既往歴:甲状腺機能低下症、アトピー性皮膚炎 アレルギー:卵(幼少期)
5.
蕁麻疹 全身に分布 特に著名なのは、下腹部~足甲 ←島状の膨疹 バイタルサイン (救急車内) BP:114/80mmHg HR:110/分
BT:37.0℃ SpO2:93%→95%(酸素 2L/分) (来院時) BP:113/81mmHg HR:92/分 BT:37.0℃ SpO2:96%(酸素 2L/分投与) RR:20回/分 アナフィラキシーショック
6.
アナフィラキシー症状 皮膚・粘膜症状(80~90%) 蕁麻疹、血管浮腫、紅潮、瘙痒感 呼吸症状(70%) 鼻汁、結膜浮腫、いびき、stridor、発声困難、低酸素血症、喘鳴 心血管症状(45%) 共通、頻脈、徐脈、低血圧、心停止 消化器症状(45%) 腹痛、悪心嘔吐、下痢 中枢神経症状(15%) 危機感、意識障害、昏迷、めまい、頭痛、失神
7.
アナフィラキシーのパターン ・アレルゲンが不明+急性経過の皮膚・粘膜症状 +以下の1つ以上 呼吸症状 血圧低下、それに起因する症状(失神、失禁など) ・アレルゲンの可能性があるものへの曝露 +以下の2つ以上 皮膚・粘膜症状 呼吸症状 血圧低下 持続性の消化器症状 ・既知のアレルゲンへの曝露+急性の血圧低下
8.
アナフィラキシー 患者を臥位にしてモニタリング ABCの確認 バイタルサインの評価 酸素投与
ルート確保 補液負荷 アドレナリン(0.1%) 0.3~0.5mLを 大腿外側に筋肉注射 SABA吸入 アドレナリン持続投与 グルカゴン投与 気管挿管 集中治療 H1受容体拮抗薬, H2受容体拮抗薬の投与 ステロイド 8~24時間以上の経過観察 血圧低下、呼吸不全持続 血圧低下、呼吸不全持続 血圧、呼吸安定
9.
2相性反応 アナフィラキシー症状改善後、数時間~数日以内に再度 アレルギー反応が出現すること 90%が初期反応改善後、4-12時間以内に生じるが、症例 報告では72時間後の発症症例も報告されているため注意 が必要
10.
アナフィラキシーを疑ったら… 抗原除去 高濃度O2 & 気道確保 緊急薬剤の投与 ボスミン筋注
0.3mL 外液全開 H1, H2ブロッカー、ステロイド 1mLシリンジ + 21 or 23G
11.
補足1 血管性浮腫(Quincke浮腫) 蕁麻疹の一種 搔痒を伴わない真皮下層 or
皮下組織の限局性浮腫 <原因> ・非遺伝性(蕁麻疹と同様) ・遺伝性:C1インヒビター欠損症 <治療> ・非遺伝性:蕁麻疹と同様(原因除去、抗ヒスタミン薬) ・遺伝性:アンドロゲン製剤投与、トラネキサム酸投与、精製C1インヒビター投与 喉頭浮腫による気道閉塞に注意!
12.
補足2 アドレナリン投与のタイミング 蕁 麻 疹 喉頭浮腫 喘鳴 下痢/腹痛 血圧低下 Airway
Breathing Circulation Diarrhea 1つでもあれば、迷わず筋注を! 抗原曝露
13.
補足3 1回のアドレナリンで効果不十分の場合 5-15分空けて再投与 改善に乏しいときは… ・アドレナリン持続静注 アドレナリン注0.1% 1A(1mL)を生食 or
5%ブドウ糖液1Lに溶解 60mL/hで開始、血圧安定まで5-10分毎に増量(最大:600mL/h) ・グルカゴン持続静注 グルカゴン1-5mgを5分で静注し、その後5-15μg/minで持続投与
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