3. SOFTWARE
Is the collection of computer
programs, procedure and
documentation that perform different
tasks on a computer
Types of software
1. System software: - A set of
instruction that control the computer
and run other program on the
computer.
E.g: - Microsoft windows (windows
xp,7,8,&10
4. 2. Application software: - Software
that you can open in order to perform
any task
E.g: - Ms office. (97,
200,2010,2013,2016
Anti-virus
Accounting software
3. Programming software: - its used by
programmeres to writing computer
programs
E.g: - C++,VB, JAVA
4. Data backup and recovery software:
-to provide functionalities beyond
simple copyrightsof data files
5. FUNCTIONS OF OS (WINDOWS)
To manage hardware components
To run application software
Provide and manipulate files
COMPONENTS THAT NEEDED TO INSTALL
OS(WINDOWS)
Working computer wi ty h DVD/CD-
ROM DRIVE support.
Boot disk (CD/DVDfor window)
Startup disk +for installing old
windows such as windows 9X, windows
2000
6. INSTALLING WINDOWS (OS) FROM
SCRATCH
-Each edition of windows has different
hardware requirements.
System
compon
ents
Wind
ows
95
Wind
ows
98
Wind
ows
2000
Wind
ows
XP
Wind
ows
7&8
1.CPU
speed
60MH
z +
100m
hz +
133m
hz +
233m
hz +
1.8gh
z +
2.RAM
memor
y size
8mb
+
16mb
+
32mb
+
64mb
+
512m
b +
3.HDD
free
space
200m
b +
300m
b +
2gb + 4gb + 8gb +
CD/DVD
-ROM
speed
12X + 16X + 32X + 52X + 52X +
7. INSTALLATION OPTIONS OF WINDOWS
1) You have to create a partition: -
Dividing the size of HDD.
Eg if your HDD size is 40GB, you have to
divide it into two and have two 20GBs
Types of partitions
a) Primary partition: -Can only have one
disk drive that contains OS windows.
b) Extended partition: - Can have one or
more drives contain backup files.
2) You have to format the disk partition:
-delete all data or information in a disk
partition
3) Choose the file system
8. i. FAT(file allocation table) or FAT32 file
system: -Organise file and folders
ii. NTFS (new Technology file system: -its
replay the FAT files.-Used when
installing windows XP,7,8 &10
4) You have to enter a product key of OS
windows. They are 25- character code
E.G
Q8WYJ VH89P RY47W YDBB7 7Q2YD
Set time zone To HARARE PRETORIA
9. INSTALLING WINDOWS XP
Step 1: Open CMOS setup and
setup boot sequence:
1.CD-ROMdrive
2.HDD
3.FDD
oSave changes and exit
Step 2: you press any key to boot
by CD
Step 3: you don’t Press any key to
boot by CD
Windows boot (startup) process
10. 1. Pre-boot sequence: - begin when
user turning on the computer and
computer run POST
2. Boot sequence: -OS window is
selected and hardware
components are detected. OS
loading the system file which called
NTLDR files.
Functions of NTLDR.
1.Check the size of memory
2.Chek the speed of processer
3.Check the formattingpartition
type
3.kernel load sequence: -OS
components are loaded into computer
memory (RAM)
11. 4.Kernel initiation sequence: - NTLDR
file passes control to the window
internal (microsoft window logo
opens, with a starts bar)
5.Log on screen: - Display welcome
screen
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR WINDOWS
Troubles Description Causes Solution
1.Dispaly
message
Invalid boot /
none system
disk error
Computer is
booting by
FDD OR
CD/DVD ROM
drive
You remove
the disk
inside the
CD/DVD
ROM drive
2.missing
NTLDR file
None If the file is
corrupted or
deleted
Install
windows
from the
screech or
repairing
3.System
stop error
Computer display a
blue screen
Hardware
error (HDD or
RAM memory
Replace HDD
or RAM if are
affected.
12. failure) it’s a
POST
Install
windows
from the
beginning
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Troubles Discretion Cous
e
Solution
1.system
lookup error
Application
freeze
Virus,
low
free
space
of HDD
& RAM
If it’s a virus you
have to install
OS.
2.Applicatio
n wont
install
Overwrittin
g a file
3.Applicatio
n not found
Temporally
file are
corrupted or
deleted or
User
or
virus
Install
applicatio
n again
13. removed
BASIC NETWORK
NETWORK: - A group of the computer
that are connected together to
communicate and share resources
such as
1.file (documents )
2.Printer3Email and internet
NETWORK CONNECTION
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
-A network that connected in a single room,
building or floor using cables or wireless
connection
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
14. -A network which connected in a long
range transmission media, such as
telephone lines, cellular phones and
wireless
NETWORK TYPE MODUL
Peer to peer network: -Client
computer that are connected for simple
file and for printer sharing in a small
office or home. Each computer has its
own file, if the computer not functioning
well the information from that
computer will be lost
Client and server network: -server
are the computer that holed data and
15. provide service t o client computer. Its
used by banks or by big companies
NETWORK REQUIREMENTS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
Network media (cables)
-To carry network data
Network device
-To translate the data between the
computer and network media
Network software (OS windows
network drive)
-To enable the computer. To recognize
network
16. Network protocol (HTTP, SUTP)
-They serve as a language for
communication among computing devices
NETWORK MEDIA & THEIR FUCTIONS
(cables)
Types of network cables
Twisted pair cable: -R5-45connector
Coafial cable: -15 NC connector --
-T-connector.
.-50 ohm resistor
Fiber optic cable: -MTP Connector.
-MT-RJ connector.
-Escolconnector.
17. +in this type of cable information is
transferred by light.
Types of Wireless device
Radio
Bluetooth
Infrared
Satellite transmission
MALICIOUS SOFTWARE
Is any unwanted software that has
the potential to damage a computer.
18. Type of malicious software
Virus
-Is a file that spreads from one
computer to another by attaching itself
to other files.
Worms
-Is a file that spreads from one
computer to another on its own, not by
attaching itself to another file.
Logic Bombs -Is a
file that sits dormant on a user
computer until it is triggered by a
specific date and time.
Trojan Horse
-Is a file that seem like a harmless file,
but can damage a computer.
19. Gray ware
-I a joke program that makes the screen
image to vibrate and shutdown the
computer.
Protecting computer against malicious
software
By installing antivirus software
By updating antivirus software
By installing software that coming
from trusted sources.
