Ammonical nitrogen is very harmful to aquatic animals. so its threat to environment. waste water from domestic as well as industry contains ammonical nitogen. specially copper phathalocuayanine pigment industry creats lots of effluent which contains ammnoical nitrogen. utilsation of amonical nitrogen is to value added product and making process zero discharge is new technology.

1. 03/29/17 By Dr. Tipanna Ph.D ( tech.) 1
AMMONICAL NITROGENAMMONICAL NITROGEN
A threat to environmentA threat to environment
&&
its solutionits solution
By Dr.TipannaBy Dr.Tipanna
Polymer technologistPolymer technologist
Ph.D. (Tech.) UDCTPh.D. (Tech.) UDCT

2. 03/29/17 By Dr. Tipanna Ph.D ( tech.) 2
WHAT IS AMMONICAL NITROGEN?WHAT IS AMMONICAL NITROGEN?
• NH4+ - N , IT IS COMPONENT OF NITROGENNH4+ - N , IT IS COMPONENT OF NITROGEN
REFERRED AS AMMONIACAL NITROGEN.REFERRED AS AMMONIACAL NITROGEN.
• IT IS ADOPTED AS AN INDICATOR TO DETERMINEIT IS ADOPTED AS AN INDICATOR TO DETERMINE
POLLUTION BY SEWAGE.POLLUTION BY SEWAGE.
• OTHER COMPONENT OF NITROGEN INCLUDESOTHER COMPONENT OF NITROGEN INCLUDES
ORGANIC NITROGEN, KJELDAHL NITROGEN,ORGANIC NITROGEN, KJELDAHL NITROGEN,
NITRATE AND NITRITE. IT IS A NATURAL PRODUCTNITRATE AND NITRITE. IT IS A NATURAL PRODUCT
OF DECAY OF ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDSOF DECAY OF ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
AND ONE OF THE MANY CONTAMINANTS IN WATERAND ONE OF THE MANY CONTAMINANTS IN WATER
SUPPLIES.SUPPLIES.

3. 03/29/17 By Dr. Tipanna Ph.D ( tech.) 3
WHAT IS AMMONICAL NITROGEN?WHAT IS AMMONICAL NITROGEN?
• AMMONIACAL NITROGEN IS EXTREMELYAMMONIACAL NITROGEN IS EXTREMELY
SOLUBLE IN WATER, REACTING WITH WATERSOLUBLE IN WATER, REACTING WITH WATER
TO PRODUCE AMMONIUM HYDROXIDETO PRODUCE AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE..
• AMMONICAL NITROGEN FURTHERAMMONICAL NITROGEN FURTHER
CONVERTS TO NITRITE AND NITRATECONVERTS TO NITRITE AND NITRATE

4. 03/29/17 By Dr. Tipanna Ph.D ( tech.) 4
SOURCESSOURCES
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRIESDIFFERENT TYPES OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
• FERTILISER INDUSTRIESFERTILISER INDUSTRIES
• POULTRYPOULTRY
• DOMESTIC DISCHARGEDOMESTIC DISCHARGE

5. 03/29/17 By Dr. Tipanna Ph.D ( tech.) 5
SERIOUS IMPLICATIONS OFSERIOUS IMPLICATIONS OF
AMMONICAL NITROGENAMMONICAL NITROGEN
• AT HIGH CONCENTRATIONS AMMONIUM IONS ARE TOXIC TOAT HIGH CONCENTRATIONS AMMONIUM IONS ARE TOXIC TO
AQUATIC LIFE E .G. FISHAQUATIC LIFE E .G. FISH
• AMMONIUM IONS IN STREAM, LAKES, ETC. ARE CONVERTEDAMMONIUM IONS IN STREAM, LAKES, ETC. ARE CONVERTED
TO NITRITES WHICH ARE ALSO TOXIC TO AQUATIC LIFETO NITRITES WHICH ARE ALSO TOXIC TO AQUATIC LIFE
• AND FINALLY THE NITRITES ARE CONVERTED TO NITRATESAND FINALLY THE NITRITES ARE CONVERTED TO NITRATES
WHICH ARE NOT AS TOXIC AS AMMONIUM IONS OR NITRITES,WHICH ARE NOT AS TOXIC AS AMMONIUM IONS OR NITRITES,
BUT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO EUTROPHICATION.BUT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO EUTROPHICATION.
• EUTROPHICATION IS DEFINED AS THE PROCESS BY WHICH AEUTROPHICATION IS DEFINED AS THE PROCESS BY WHICH A
BODY OF WATER BECOMES ENRICHED IN DISSOLVEDBODY OF WATER BECOMES ENRICHED IN DISSOLVED
NUTRIENTS (NITRATES, PHOSPHATES AND AMMONIUM IONS)NUTRIENTS (NITRATES, PHOSPHATES AND AMMONIUM IONS)
THAT STIMULATE THE GROWTH OF AQUATIC PLANT LIFE, E.G.THAT STIMULATE THE GROWTH OF AQUATIC PLANT LIFE, E.G.
ALGAE BLOOMSALGAE BLOOMS

6. 03/29/17 By Dr. Tipanna Ph.D ( tech.) 6
PERMISSIBLE LEVEL OF AMMONICALPERMISSIBLE LEVEL OF AMMONICAL
NITROGENNITROGEN
• MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED AMMONIAMAXIMUM RECOMMENDED AMMONIA
CONCENTRATION IS 2.5 MG/L, AS LITTLE AS 0.3 TO 0.4CONCENTRATION IS 2.5 MG/L, AS LITTLE AS 0.3 TO 0.4
MG/L IS LETHAL TO TROUT FRY.MG/L IS LETHAL TO TROUT FRY.
• TYPICAL MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER MAY CONTAINTYPICAL MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER MAY CONTAIN
30 MG/L NH.SUB.430 MG/L NH.SUB.4
• AMMONIA AT CONCENTRATION LEVELS OF 0.5AMMONIA AT CONCENTRATION LEVELS OF 0.5
PARTS PER MILLION (PPM) AMMONIA NITROGENPARTS PER MILLION (PPM) AMMONIA NITROGEN
WITH OXYGEN LEVELS BELOW 5 PPM RESULTS IN AWITH OXYGEN LEVELS BELOW 5 PPM RESULTS IN A
REDUCTION OF FISH GROWTH RATE, DAMAGE TOREDUCTION OF FISH GROWTH RATE, DAMAGE TO
GILL TISSUE (HYPERPLASIA), AND AN INCREASEDGILL TISSUE (HYPERPLASIA), AND AN INCREASED
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BACTERIAL GILL DISEASE ANDSUSCEPTIBILITY TO BACTERIAL GILL DISEASE AND
OTHER TISSUE LESIONS.OTHER TISSUE LESIONS.

7. 03/29/17 By Dr. Tipanna Ph.D ( tech.) 7
CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR REMOVAL OFCONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR REMOVAL OF
AMMONICAL NITROGEN FROM WASTE WATERSAMMONICAL NITROGEN FROM WASTE WATERS
• PHYSIO- CHEMICAL PROCESSPHYSIO- CHEMICAL PROCESS
STRIPPING WITH AIR AND STEAM OR COMBINATIONSTRIPPING WITH AIR AND STEAM OR COMBINATION
ION EXCHANGE BY ZEOLITEION EXCHANGE BY ZEOLITE
• BIOLOGICAL PROCESSBIOLOGICAL PROCESS
NITRIFICATIONNITRIFICATION
DINITRIFICATIONDINITRIFICATION
• OTHER PROCESS OF LESS IMPORTANCEOTHER PROCESS OF LESS IMPORTANCE
CHLORINATIONCHLORINATION
ELECTRODILYSISELECTRODILYSIS
REVERSE OSMOSISREVERSE OSMOSIS
DISTILLATIONDISTILLATION

8. 03/29/17 By Dr. Tipanna Ph.D ( tech.) 8
DRAW BACKS OF ZEOLITE SEPARATION TECHNICHDRAW BACKS OF ZEOLITE SEPARATION TECHNICH
• THE METHOD IS USED TO SEPARATE PPM LEVEL AMONIUMTHE METHOD IS USED TO SEPARATE PPM LEVEL AMONIUM
IONS.IONS.
• AT HIGHER LEVEL OF CONCENTRATE TECHNICH MAYAT HIGHER LEVEL OF CONCENTRATE TECHNICH MAY
NEED FREQUENT REGENERATIONNEED FREQUENT REGENERATION
• REGENERATION TECHNICH IS QUITE DIFFICULT ANDREGENERATION TECHNICH IS QUITE DIFFICULT AND
EXPENSIVE.EXPENSIVE.
• THE FOREGOING REGENERATION METHODS ARETHE FOREGOING REGENERATION METHODS ARE
COMPLICATED AND EXPENSIVE TO OPERATE ON ACOMPLICATED AND EXPENSIVE TO OPERATE ON A
COMMERCIAL SCALE.COMMERCIAL SCALE.
• ADDITIONALLY, SUCH REGENERATION METHODS PRODUCEADDITIONALLY, SUCH REGENERATION METHODS PRODUCE
A WASTE EFFLUENT THAT MUST BE DISPOSED OF IN SOMEA WASTE EFFLUENT THAT MUST BE DISPOSED OF IN SOME
MANNER, CONTRIBUTING A FURTHER COST FACTOR TO THEMANNER, CONTRIBUTING A FURTHER COST FACTOR TO THE
OVERALL OPERATION.OVERALL OPERATION.

9. 03/29/17 By Dr. Tipanna Ph.D ( tech.) 9
GREEN TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOVAL OFGREEN TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOVAL OF
AMMONICAL NITROGEN FROM WASTEAMMONICAL NITROGEN FROM WASTE
WATERWATER
• MINIMUM INVESTMENTMINIMUM INVESTMENT
• FULLY AUTOMISED PLANTFULLY AUTOMISED PLANT
• RUNNING COST ALMOST NILRUNNING COST ALMOST NIL
• NO SOLID WASTE GENERATIONNO SOLID WASTE GENERATION
• TREATED WATER WITH ZERO TDS,TREATED WATER WITH ZERO TDS,
• NEUTRAL PH,NEUTRAL PH,
• FREE FROM AMMONICAL NITROGEN,FREE FROM AMMONICAL NITROGEN,
• NO BOD OR CODNO BOD OR COD
• INVOLVED FULLY GREEN TECHNOLOGYINVOLVED FULLY GREEN TECHNOLOGY

10. 03/29/17 By Dr. Tipanna Ph.D ( tech.) 10
COMPARISION WITH ZEOLITECOMPARISION WITH ZEOLITE
ZEOLITEZEOLITE
• INVOLVES HIGH INTIALINVOLVES HIGH INTIAL
INVESTMENTINVESTMENT
• HIGH RUNNING COSTHIGH RUNNING COST
• REGENERATION/REGENERATION/
REPLECEMENT OF ZEOLITE ISREPLECEMENT OF ZEOLITE IS
DIFFICULTDIFFICULT
• GENERATION OF OTHERGENERATION OF OTHER
HARMFUL EFFLUENTHARMFUL EFFLUENT
• FURTHER TREATMENT OFFURTHER TREATMENT OF
EFFLUENT IS REQUIREDEFFLUENT IS REQUIRED
• MAY NOT WORK AT HIGHERMAY NOT WORK AT HIGHER
CONCENTRATION OFCONCENTRATION OF
AMMONICAL NITROGENAMMONICAL NITROGEN
GREEN TECHNOLOYGREEN TECHNOLOY
• INVOLVESINVOLVES
COMPARATIVELY LESSCOMPARATIVELY LESS
INVESTMENTINVESTMENT
• NO RUNNING COSTNO RUNNING COST
• NO REPLECEMENTNO REPLECEMENT
• FULLY GREENFULLY GREEN
TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
• NO EFFLUENTNO EFFLUENT
• NO TREATMENTNO TREATMENT
REQUIRED FURTHERREQUIRED FURTHER
• CAN WORK AT ANYCAN WORK AT ANY
CONCENTRATION LEVELCONCENTRATION LEVEL

11. 03/29/17 By Dr. Tipanna Ph.D ( tech.) 11
EXTENSION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGYEXTENSION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY
TO SPENT SULPHURIC ACIDTO SPENT SULPHURIC ACID
• SAME PLANT OF AMMONIACAL NITROGENSAME PLANT OF AMMONIACAL NITROGEN
REMOVAL SULPHURIC ACID TREATMENT PLANTREMOVAL SULPHURIC ACID TREATMENT PLANT
CAN BE SET UPCAN BE SET UP
• FULLY AUTOMISED PLANTFULLY AUTOMISED PLANT
• RUNNING COST ALMOST NILRUNNING COST ALMOST NIL
• NO SOLID WASTE GENERATIONNO SOLID WASTE GENERATION
• TREATED WATER WITH ZERO TDS,TREATED WATER WITH ZERO TDS,
• NEUTRAL PH,NEUTRAL PH,
• FREE FROM AMMONICAL NITROGEN,FREE FROM AMMONICAL NITROGEN,
• NO BOD OR CODNO BOD OR COD
• INVOLVED FULLY GREEN TECHNOLOGYINVOLVED FULLY GREEN TECHNOLOGY

12. • Thank YouThank You
Dr. Tipanna MelkeriDr. Tipanna Melkeri
Ph.D.(Tech.), PolymerPh.D.(Tech.), Polymer
03/29/17 By Dr. Tipanna Ph.D ( tech.) 12