More Related Content Similar to Chapter 8 power point (20) More from Macomb Community College (6) Chapter 8 power point1. © Cengage Learning 2016© Cengage Learning 2016
An Invitation to Health: Building Your Future, Brief Edition, 9e
Dianne Hales
Sexual Health
8
2. © Cengage Learning 2016
After reading this chapter, the student
should be able to:
• Analyze the links between the dimensions
of health and sexuality
• Describe women’s sexual health and
female sexual anatomy in detail
• Discuss men’s sexual health and male
sexual anatomy in detail
Objectives
3. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Review the characteristics of healthy,
responsible sexual relationships
• Categorize types of premarital sexual
relationships
• Discuss sexual diversity in human beings
• Define the major types of sexual activity in
which human beings engage
Objectives (cont’d.)
4. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Outline the stages of sexual response in
men and women
• Identify the characteristics and risk factors
of sexually transmitted diseases
• Describe the fundamentals of
safeguarding your sexual health
• Discuss the nature, incidence, signs and
symptoms, and diagnosis and treatments
of common STIs
Objectives (cont’d.)
5. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Involves a positive and respectful
approach
– Free from coercion or violence
• Sexual health of emerging adults (18-25)
– At greater risk than rest of the population
– Greater likelihood of STIs
• Sexuality affects various dimensions of
health
– Physical, emotional, social, and more
Sexual Health
6. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Recommendations
– Regular heath maintenance exams
– Contraceptive counseling for those not
wishing to become pregnant
– Pre-pregnancy counseling for those wishing
to conceive
– Screening for chlamydia for age 24 or
younger
– Cervical cancer and HIV screening
Women’s Sexual Health
8. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Monthly cycle associated with ovulation,
potential conception, and menstruation
• Hormones stimulate growth of immature
eggs stored in follicles
• Ovulation triggered at mid-cycle
– Egg cell (ova) released
• If ova not fertilized, menstruation occurs
– Uterine lining discharged during a period
The Menstrual Cycle
10. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Some symptoms of PMS
– Irritability
– Anxiety and difficulty concentrating
– Headache
– Water retention and breast tenderness
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
– Regular symptoms of depression and physical
symptoms during last week of cycle
Premenstrual Syndrome
11. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Sperm
– Male reproductive cells
– Stored in the epididymis
– Transported outside the body by ejaculation
• Circumcision
– Removal of the foreskin on the penis
– May be done for religious or health reasons
Men’s Sexual Health
13. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Characteristics of a healthy sexual
relationship
– Consensual
– Nonexploitative
– Honest
– Mutually pleasurable
– Protected against unintended pregnancy and
STIs
Responsible Sexuality
14. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Monogamous sex
– Important to have understanding between
both partners as to whether sexual
relationship will be monogamous
• Important discussions to have with partner
– Sexual history
• Includes number of partners and STIs
– Method of birth control to be used
Making Sexual Decisions
15. © Cengage Learning 2016
• In past 40 years, premarital sex has
become common in young adults
– More socially acceptable in the context of a
relationship
• Hooking up
– Casual sex without commitment or intimacy
• Friends with benefits
– Varied sexual behaviors between friends
• Romantic relationships
Sexual Behavior
16. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Average American adult reports having
sex once a week
• Married couples
– About 58 times per year
• Americans who have attended graduate
school
– Among least sexually active population
segments
Sex in America
17. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Heterosexuals
– Attracted to the opposite sex
• Homosexuals
– Prefer partners of their own sex
– Often referred to as gays and lesbians
• Bisexuality
– Sexual attraction to both males and females
• Transgender individuals identify with a sex
other than their birth sex
Sexual Diversity
18. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Celibacy
– May or may not include masturbation
• Abstinence
– About 2.5 million teens have pledged to
abstain from sex
• Fantasy
– Can be pleasurable by itself
– Men’s and women’s fantasies differ
Sexual Activity
19. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Masturbation
– Men generally see as normal and healthy
– Women may struggle with stigma and taboo
• Nonpenetrative sexual activity
(outercourse)
– Kissing, touching, and stimulating erogenous
regions
• Vaginal intercourse
– Preferred form for most heterosexual couples
Sexual Activity (cont’d.)
20. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Oral sex
– Condom should be used to prevent infection
• Anal stimulation
– Anus can produce intense erotic responses
• Anal intercourse
– Penetration of anus by the penis
Types of Sexual Activity (cont’d.)
22. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Excitement
– Rush of blood to genitals causes erection in
men
– Vaginal lubrication in women
• Plateau
– Penis increases in length and diameter
– Vagina swells
• Orgasm
– Three to twelve pelvic muscle contractions
Sexual Response
23. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Ejaculation
– Discharge of semen by a male
• Female orgasm results from stimulating
the clitoris
• Resolution
– Sexual organs return to normal state
• Refractory period
– Time period during which males are incapable
of another orgasm
Sexual Response (cont’d.)
24. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Term STI is replacing STD
– Many infected people do not show symptoms
• Estimated 65 million Americans have an
STI
– Transmitted mainly through direct sexual
contact
Sexually Transmitted Infections and
Diseases
26. © Cengage Learning 2016
• A is for “Abstain”
– STIs can be transmitted through oral sex
• B is for “Be faithful”
– No risk for STI if neither partner has had sex
with anyone else
• C is for “Condoms”
– Check expiration date
• Both men and women can get STIs
– Risk for women is greater
The ABCs of Safer Sex
28. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)
– Most common STI
– Vaccination exists
• Genital herpes
– HSV-1 causes cold sores around the mouth
– HSV-2 is sexually transmitted
• Chlamydia
– Most widespread sexually transmitted
bacterium in the U.S.
Common STIs
29. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
– A complication of an STI
• Gonorrhea
– Causes yellow-white pus discharge from the
penis
• Non-gonococcal urethritis
– Inflammation of the urethra
• Syphilis
• HIV/AIDS
More Common STIs
Editor's Notes Figure 8.1 The female sex organs and reproductive structures Figure 8.2 The menstrual cycle(a) In response to the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland releases the gonadotropins FSH and LH. Levels of FSH and LH stimulate the cycle (and in turn are affected by production of estrogen and progesterone).
(b) FSH does what its name says: It stimulates follicle development in the ovary. The follicle matures and ruptures, releasing an ovum (egg) into the fallopian tube.
(c) The follicle produces estrogen, and the corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone. The high level of estrogen at the middle of the cycle produces a surge of LH, which triggers ovulation.
(d) Estrogen and progesterone stimulate the endometrium, which becomes thicker and prepares to receive an implanted, fertilized egg. If a fertilized egg is deposited in the uterus, pregnancy begins. If the egg is not fertilized, progesterone production decreases, and the endometrium is shed (menstruation). At this point, both estrogen and progesterone levels have dropped, so the pituitary responds by producing FSH, and the cycle begins again. Figure 8.3 Male sex organs and reproductive structures Figure 8.4 A cross-sectional view of sexual intercourse
Sperm are formed in each of the testes and stored in the epididymis. When a man
ejaculates, sperm carried in semen travel up the vas deferens. (The prostate gland
and seminal vesicles contribute components of the semen.) The semen is expelled
from the penis through the urethra and deposited in the vagina, near the cervix.
During sexual excitement and orgasm in a woman, the upper end of the vagina
enlarges and the uterus elevates. After orgasm, these organs return to their normal
states, and the cervix descends into the pool of semen Figure 8.6 How STIs spread
Most STIs are spread by viruses or bacteria carried in certain body fluids. Figure 8.7 Continuum of risk for sexual relationships and behaviors
STI risks increase as relationships become less familiar and exclusive and as sexual
activities become unprotected and receptive.