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1. SOAP PROJECT
(GRINDED DRIED Moringa oleifera
LEAVES + CITRONELLA OIL)
Besana M., Javier C.J., Medina C.A

2. This project aims to reduce the risk of
diseases carried by mosquitos by means of
using soaps with citronella oil. This
aforementioned oil is theorized to repel
insects such as the mosquitoes.

3. INTRODUCTION

4.  Mosquito, which literally mean “little fly” in Spanish, have
long legs and long proboscis or nose. They have roughly 2,700
species and belong to 3 major genera: Aedes, Anopheles and
Culex.
 Only female mosquitoes bite and live for weeks to several
months depending on the environment. To generate eggs after
mating, the female mosquitoes will search for blood to
nourish their eggs with protein.
 Mosquitoes are attracted by heat, light (infarred light),
perspiration, body odor, lactic acid and carbon dioxide. They
do not prefer to be active in the sunshine since they may
desiccate and die.
 They can carry many types of diseases like malaria, yellow
fever, dengue fever and encephalitis that caused by bacteria,
parasites or viruses.

5.  Being carrier of deadly diseases, scientists came up of
synthetic repellents as well as natural ways to control
their spread.
 The use of natural products poses an alternative method
of control and/or eradication of disease-carrying
mosquitoes.
 It has been customarily considered to be one of the safest
ways of controlling pests. One of those natural ways is
through the use of citronella oil and Moringa oleifera.

6. THREE MAIN
COMPONENTS OF
THE INSECT REPELLANT
SOAP PROJECT
1. CITRONELLA OIL

7.  Citronella oil is made from the distilled oils of different
varieties of grass or species of Cymbopogon. The
aforementioned oil has a rich, crisp lemony aroma.
 Citronellol, citronellal and geraniol are the main components of
citronella oil.
 Perhaps the most widely known characteristic of this oil is that it
is an all-natural plant-based excellent insect repellent.
 The oil can be applied on the body to be safe from bites and
allergies. Also, the oil is very effective in preventing parasitic
infestations such as lice, louse and fleas.
 It is sometimes mixed into perfumes and soaps and has been
labeled as low risk pesticide. Unlike other varieties of
pesticides, citronella does not kill the mosquitoes rather it keeps
them away, thus reducing the number of mosquitoes that land
nearby.

8.  How do citronella works?
▪ Carbon dioxide and lactic acids, which are present in humans,
are very attractive to mosquitoes. Citronella oil works by
masking these attractive scents so the mosquitoes cannot smell
them and causes them to stay away.
▪ But studies have found the protection lasts only a matter of
minutes; the authors of one study say the oils should not be
relied on to provide protection in areas where mosquito-borne
diseases are a substantial threat.
 Benefits of using citronella in soap making
▪ The oil keeps the skin glowing and healthy by promoting
effective body detoxification. The oil has the antibacterial and
antiseptic properties which prevent skin infections like acne and
oily skin.

9. THREE MAIN
COMPONENTS OF
THE INSECT REPELLANT
SOAP PROJECT
2. Moringa oleifera

10.  Moringa oleifera, or also known as “miracle tree”, has so much
medicinal benefits and contains immense healthy components
and phytonutrients.
 In a present study conducted, phytochemicals derived from
Moringa oleifera seeds extracts indicated effectiveness as
mosquito vector control agents. Also, its plant extracts may be
used for further integrated pest management programs.
 Benefits of Moringa oleifera
▪ It helps in neutralizing the effects of harmful pollutants,
prevents wrinkles, and slows premature aging of the skin.
▪ The high protein content of Moringa aids in protecting the
dermal cells from damage caused by heavy metals such as
mercury and cadmium. For the same reason, it is used in the
production of cosmetics and skin care products.

11. THREE MAIN
COMPONENTS OF
THE INSECT REPELLANT
SOAP PROJECT
3. OLIVE OIL

12.  Olive oil is acquired through cold pressing olives. When
used directly on skin, it could provide antioxidant
protection, moisturizing without clogging the pores, and
enhances exfoliation.
 Olive oil is considered as one of the healthiest vegetable
oils, making it a good oil to be used on our soap.
 However, high olive oil content in soap would make it
slower to reach “trace” or to complete saponification.
 A pure olive oil soap is very mild on skin, would produce a
creamy/slimy lather rather a bubbly one and has mild
cleansing properties.

13. METHODS & MATERIALS

14. The Making of Hope – Procedural Video

15. As for precautionary measures, we wore rubber gloves,
glasses and lab gown. In a non-aluminum or plastic container,
2 tbsp and ¼ tsp of solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was
poured into 3/8 cup and ¼ tbsp of cold distilled water. Using
wooden spoon, caustic soda has been stirred until dissolved.
1 cup of olive oil was prepared and put into a pot. Olive oil
was heated until the foam on top was gone. Olive oil and
sodium hydroxide solution was cooled for at least 10 minutes.
After some time, sodium hydroxide solution was carefully
poured into the pot of oil. It was stirred for an hour or more
until a “trace” appeared. 1/8 cup of Moringa oleifera powder
(grinded dried Moringa oleifera leaves) together with 1 tbsp
of citronella oil were added to the soap mixture and
continued stirring. Do not wait until it is too thick because it
would not pour smoothly. We poured the mixture into the
molder. We let it sit for one day, and then get the hardened
soap out of the molder. We let the soap sit for three to six
weeks.

16. RESULTS & DISCUSSION

18. SOAP BAR QUALITY RANGE
Hardness 2
Cleansing 2
Conditioning 3
Bubbly 0
Creamy 2

19. RANGE OUR RECIPE
Soft soap bar Soft soap bar
Good cleansing agent Good cleansing agent
Absence of bubbly lather Absence of bubbly lather
Presence of creamy lather Presence of creamy lather
Great skin care Great skin care
White colored soap bar Green colored soap bar due
to Moringa oleifera

20. Packaging – Front and Back

21. Logo
The logo shows 3 objects,
a Moringa oleifera leaf, a
bottle of citronella oil,
and a bottle of olive oil
which comprises the main
ingredients of the soap.

22. CONCLUSION

23.  As observed in this soap project, the saponification process took
about 2 hours to be complete (which was confirmed by trace
mixture solution). The soap bar was allowed to sit for three to six
weeks for curing. This curing process will enable all the
ingredients to subside due to intense reaction that occurred within
the soap.
 Olive oil is indeed an excellent oil to use in soap for it serves as a
moisturizer that forms a “breathable” layer on the skin, thus
prevents loss of internal moisture. Also, it contributes to the
hardness of soap bar.
 Moringa oleifera not only worked as an insect repellent but also
gave natural coloring to the soap.
 Citronella oil is one of the most effective and natural way of
providing repellency against mosquito. It does not kill the
mosquitoes rather it keeps them away, thus reducing the number
of mosquitoes that lands nearby.

24. This insect repellant soap project is
subjected to further research to know the
soap’s duration of repellency against
mosquitoes.

25. La Fin ☺