The Advanced Materials Show 2019 presentation

2. Numbers & facts
Solutions For Characterising Material
Surface Properties
Dr. Nishil Malde
Product Manager
(UK & Ireland)
nishil.malde@anton-paar.com
www.anton-paar.com

3. Locksmith
Anton Paar
establishes the
company in Graz.
Margarete Platzer,
Anton Paar‘s daughter,
launches
high-precision
manufacturing.
Production of the
first scientific
instrument: the
Kratky Small-Angle
X-ray Camera.
Presentation of the
first digital density meter
for laboratories (DMA 02C).
First steps
in rheometry,
viscometry,
and digestion
technologies.
Acquisition of: MSB
Morocutti (A), Dr. Wolfgang
Kernchen GmbH (D),
Petrotest GmbH (D), CSM
Instruments (CH).
First instruments
for particle
characterization,
Raman
spectroscopy,
and atomic force
microscopy.
Acquisition
of Quantachrome
Instruments
(Florida, USA).
History ...

4. Numbers & facts
Facts & Figures

5. What is your Application …?
…coatings?
…membranes?
…thin films?
…glass?
…wafers?
…metals?
…polymers?
…implants, bones,
cartilage?
…fibers?

6. − Hardness
− Elastic modulus
− Storage/loss modulus
− Creep
− Fatigue
− Stress-strain
− Elastic and plastic energies
− Fracture toughness
− Coating adhesion
− Scratch resistance
− Mar resistance
− Scratch hardness
− Friction coefficient
− Wear rate
− Lubrication
− Abrasion
Are you seeking to measure …
− Coating thickness
− Ball crater abrasion
− Topography
− Nanostructure of thin films
− Surface roughness
− Porosity

7. − Indentation tester
− Scratch tester
− Tribometer
− Coating thickness tester
We have the solution …
− Atomic force microscope (AFM)
− Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) system
− Surface Charge Analyzer

8. Indentation testing provides:
− mechanical properties of materials: hardness, HIT and elastic modulus, EIT
− advanced mechanical properties for visco-elastic materials:
− creep, storage and loss moduli, stress-strain curves, …
Applications:
from hard ceramics to soft polymers
from thin films to bulk materials
polymers : paints, varnishes, lacquers with scratch resistance
for automotive, marine, aerospace applications
Instrumented Indentation

9. Table Top Modular Platform
Indentation Testers

10. - Indents on cross section
- Precise positioning of the tip
Indentation Application 1:
Using indentation to differentiate material phases
Aluminium / Ni (3.8um) / Ag (8um)
Indentation on Ag coating Indentation on Ni coating
Ag
Ni

11. − Mechanical mapping from 400 measurements
at 10 mN
Indentation Application 2:
Matrix measurements on multi-phase alloy

12. A diamond tip is drawn across the coated surface under a progressive load while the
sample moves at a constant velocity
Sensors measure during the test:
- Acoustic emission
- Penetration depth
- Tangential force (friction)
The critical loads are detected by means of:
- Observations from a built in optical microscope
- Acoustic emission data (MST3 & RST3)
- Penetration depth data
- Tangential force data
Scratch Testers

13. - Coating adhesion - Scratch hardness
- Scratch resistance - Fracture toughness
- Viscoelastic behavior - Tribology evaluation
- Conventional hardness - Profilometry
- Scratch toughness
Information from a Scratch Tester
TiN Coating of 4µm (Cutting tools)
Panoramic, multi focus scratch images – Synchronised to data

14. Scratch Testers
NST3
Nano Scratch Tester
Max force
1000 mN
Max depth
600 mm
Coatings down to 100nm
MST3
Micro Scratch Tester
Max force
30 N
Max depth
1000 mm
Extremely versitile
RST3
Revetest Scratch Tester
Max force
200 N
Max depth
1000 mm
Industry standard for hard coatings

15. First cracking
Lc1 = 9.1 N
First delamination
Lc2 = 13.5 N
Full delamination
Lc3 = 22.7 N
Applied load
Residual Depth
Friction Coefficient
Tangential (Friction) Load
Penetration Depth
Typical Scratch Results

16. Viscoelastic behavior
Scratch recovery in automotive paint clear coat
Pd
Rd
Fn
Ft
First Crack

17. “Tribology” is coined from the Greek word: τριβος, which means rubbing
or attrition
Tribology is defined as the science and technology of interacting
surfaces in relative motion
Tribology embraces the study of Friction, Wear and Lubrication
Tribometers & Tribology

18. “Simple” system and highly reproducible measurement
Simulation of real frictional condition
− Contact pressure
− Sliding speed
− Static partner (size, geometry, mechanical properties, etc.)
− Lubrication
− Environmental condition (temperature, vacuum, humidity, etc.)
− Movement mode:
Tribology Testing
Pin-on-Disk or Ball-on-Disk Method
Disk
Ball/Pin
Normal force

19. Tribology Solutions

20. Nanotribometer for friction of contact lenses
Nano Tribometer for testing of contact lenses
− Simulates eye blinking
− Measures locally coefficient of friction
− Lens is constantly immersed in liquid
− Various testing conditions can easily be adopted
Friction properties of contact lenses are important
− They impact the feeling of blinking
− They are related to eye irritation

21. − Specially developed contact lens holder
− Ensures firm hold and immersion in liquid
Nanotribometer – friction of contact lenses
Coefficient of friction of contact lens as a function of applied load of two types of lenses

22. − Generates images of surface
information in nanometer scale
− Determines various surface properties
− Roughness, elastic modulus, etc.
− Short time-to-measure
− Highly automated
− High resolution, perfect usability &
dynamic performance
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)

23. − AFM uses a cantilever with a sharp tip to scan over
a sample surface following the surface profile.
− A laser beam shines on the backside of a cantilever
and reflects back onto a 4 quadrant photodiode.
− Using the feedback control, the Z scanner extends
or retracts due to the surface profile to maintain the
laser spot at the same (center) position on the
photodiode.
Measurement Principle of the AFM

24. − Probemaster – fast cantelever exchange
− Exchangeable actuator body
− Automatic laser allignment
− Large scan area (X-Y 100 microns)
− Easy engagement using side view
− Click and move navigation
− Intuitive process flow Tosca software
− Powerful Tosca Analysis included
− 3 years warranty
Tosca Key features

25. Aluminium nanoparticle patterns fabricated by lithography
Example: Lithographic Al Nanoparticle Patterns

26. Example: SiC Atomic Step
Have = 0.76 ± 0.02 nm

27. Q & A
Thank you!