7. C.S. Lewis:
Abolition of
Man
Until quite modern times all teachers and
even all men believed the universe to be
such that certain emotional reactions on
our part could be either congruous or
incongruous to it—believed, in fact, that
objects did not merely receive, but could
merit, our approval or disapproval, our
reverence or our contempt. The reason why
Coleridge agreed with the tourist who
called the cataract sublime and disagreed
with the one who called it pretty was of
course that he believed inanimate nature
to be such that certain responses could
be more 'just' or 'ordinate' or
'appropriate' to it than others. And he
believed (correctly) that the tourists
thought the same. The man who called the
cataract sublime was not intending simply
to describe his own emotions about it: he
was also claiming that the object was one
which merited those emotions.
8. The Tao
This conception in all its forms, Platonic,
Aristotelian, Stoic, Christian, and Oriental alike, I
shall henceforth refer to for brevity simply as 'the
Tao'. Some of the accounts of it which I have
quoted will seem, perhaps, to many of you merely
quaint or even magical. But what is common to
them all is something we cannot neglect. It is the
doctrine of objective value, the belief that certain
attitudes are really true, and others really false, to
the kind of thing the universe is and the kind of
things we are. Those who know the Tao can hold
that to call children delightful or old men venerable
is not simply to record a psychological fact about
our own parental or filial emotions at the moment,
but to recognize a quality which demands a certain
response from us whether we make it or not.
9. BAA Academy:
Academy of Tyrants and Slaves
• We have been trying, like Lear, to have it both ways:
to lay down our human prerogative and yet at the same
time to retain it. It is impossible. Either we are
rational spirit obliged for ever to obey the absolute
values of the Tao, or else we are mere nature to be
kneaded and cut into new shapes for the pleasures of
masters who must, by hypothesis, have no motive but
their own natural impulses. Only the Tao provides a
common human law of action which can over-arch rulers
and ruled alike. A dogmatic belief in objective value
is necessary to the very idea of a rule which is not
tyranny or an obedience which is not slavery.
10.
11.
12. So, let’s
talk about
the Good!
Questions
• How are each of the 10 ten core
values Good, that is, objective
facts-of-goodness about reality?
• How we can we best teach the
scholars the actual goodness of
goodness and the actual badness
of badness to help them resist the
lie and evil of moral and cultural
and religious relativism?
