The modern computer took its shape with the arrival of your time. It had been around 16th century when the evolution of the computer started. The initial computer faced many changes, obviously for the betterment. It continuously improved itself in terms of speed, accuracy, size, and price to urge the form of the fashionable day computer. This long period is often conveniently divided into the subsequent phases called computer generations: First Generation Computers (1940-1956) Second Generation Computers (1956-1963) Third Generation Computers (1964-1971) Fourth Generation Computers (1971-Present) Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Beyond) Before there are graphing calculators, spreadsheets, and computer algebra systems, mathematicians and inventors searched for solutions to ease the burden of calculation. Below are the 8 mechanical calculators before modern computers were invented.

2. INTRODUCTI
ON
Computer technology has great applications
in almost all kinds of businesses. Almost all
kinds of businesses arerelyingon computers
for automating their traditional processes

3. Applications in different areas of
Management:
Business Communication
Inventory Management
Customer Relationship Management
Payroll System
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Data management
Management Information System
HumanResource Management

4. Business
Communication
Now-a-dayscompanies use email ,live chat
systems, online meeting tools, video-
conferencing system andsmart-phones as
the principal means of communication
between employees, suppliers and customers.

5. Inventory
management

6. Inventory management systems track the
quantity of each item acompany
maintains, triggeringan orderof additional
stock whenthe quantities fall below apre-
determined amount.

7. Customer
Relationship
Management

8. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
systems stores everyinteraction acompany
has with acustomer for future reference .
The customer has abetter, more focused
experience andthe companybenefits from
improved productivity.

9. Payroll
Syste
m
Computerized payroll system is used in
different organizations to maintain pay
accounts of employees, easily and quickly.

10. Advertisement
s
Computers playavital role in advertising.
Whether they arepapernotices on boardsor
electronic billboards andonline
advertisements, everyadvertviaanymedia is
fully done with a computer.

11. Data
Management
Today,most companies store digital versions
of documents on serversandstorage devices.
These documents become instantly available
to everyone in the company, regardlessof
their geographical location.

12. Management
Information
System
Management Information Systems (MIS)
enable companies to track sales data,
expenses, productivity levels, profitability
overtime, identify areasof improvementand
use the data as part of their strategic
planning process .

13. Human Resource
Management
The HRIS helps in:
HumanResource Planning
Recruitment
Wage andSalary Planning
Personnel Record Keeping
Trainingand Development
.

14. Role of Computers at
Different Levels of
Management:
Operational
Level
Middle level
Top Level

15. Operational
Level
At operational level, most of the
organizations haveautomated computer
systems for handlingtheir transactions. The
use of computers drastically increases the
speed at which the transactions occur and
providegreater accuracy.

16. Middle
Level
The middle level management benefits the
most bythe use of computers andautomated
systems. The computer helps the managerto
take crucial decisions andhelps in solving
problems.

17. Top
Level
Inmost of the companies, the top level
management uses the executive information
systems which arestructured andautomated
tracking systems. The majoradvantageis
that the systems provides the top level
management witheffective updates of
slightest changes in the working.