3. Drug Names
• All medications have four names
• Chemical
• Generic
• Official
• Brand
On this slide we can see all four names of
the drugValium.The official and generic
names are most often the same.
4. Generic & Brand Names
Generic name
of the drug is its common name, it is the active ingredient of the drug that produces the
therapeutic response.There is only one generic product with one or more brands.The
first letter is lowercase e.g. acetaminophen.
• This word is usually written in lower case, not easy to pronounce and names are usually
Greek or Latin words.
Brand name
the manufacturer of the medication has exclusive rights to the product for a period.The
brand name is usually easier to remember, and the first letter is usually upper case e.g. a
brand of acetaminophen isTylenol.The brand name is same as product, trademark, trade
and proprietary name.
5. Drug
Labelling
• Federal drug administration is a governmental agency that
enforces the food drug and cosmetic act of 1938.This act
ensures that information on the drug label are scientifically
accurate.
• Every drug label has the following information, brand,
generic name, dosage strength, dosage form, lot number, bar
code, storage and the category to which this medication
belongs.The letter “C” signifies that this medication is a
controlled substance, and the roman numeral in the letter
determines the schedule of the medication. Rx only means
that this medication requires a physician’s prescription.
6. Understanding Drug Labels
1. Represents the brand name
2. Is the generic name except that in this
instance it is upper case.
3. Is the strength of the medication.
4. This is the number of capsules in the
container.
5. “C” means controlled substance schedule II
6. How the med should the stored
7. The drug lot number
7. Controlled drug
• Controlled substances are drugs regulated the Drug enforcement agency.
These are meds that are potentially addictive. Schedule I is not medically
used in the USA, schedule II consists of opiates, III consist of some
combination analgesics, IV, consists of sedatives, sleep aid, anxiety
medications, andV consist of some cough medication sold over the counter
but carries certain restrictions.
9. Infection Control
• Infection causes illness, diseases and sometimes death.The resident is at
risk for infection because of their conditions.
• Care givers and nurses are required to follow the facilities infection control
policies and procedures to prevent and break the chain of infection.
10. Chain of Infection
1. Pathogen / Organism
2. Reservoir
3. Point/ Method of Exit
4. Point of Entry/ Method of
Spread
5. Mode ofTransmission/
Method of Spread
6. Host/ Person at Risk
11. Organism
Pathogen.
• As reflected on the slide these are harmful
microorganism capable of causing infection.
• These organism exist every where, and require certain
environments to thrive.
• Viruses need a host DNA to multiply, the Fungi includes
yeast while there are different types of bacteria.
• To prevent infection, microorganisms should be
contained and prevented from spreading.
12. Reservoir
This is a location where pathogens grow , survive
and thrive. Examples include;
• Humans with diseases
• Animals
• Food/ water
• Environment
• Equipment
13. Exit Method
Point of Exit
• This is the method by which the
pathogen exits the reservoir e.g.
• Saliva, drainage from wounds,
reproductive secretions, etc.
14. Method of spread /
transmission.
Contact, Airborne,
Bloodborne, Droplet, food
and fluids, vectors
15. Point of Entry
This could be a point of infection entry into a host,
and this includes;
• Breaks in the skin
• Mucus membrane that are not intact.
• Respiratory system
• Gastrointestinal system
• Urinary system
• Reproductive system
16. Person at Risk/ Susceptible Host
• This is an individual to harbor the infectious pathogen
• Elderly population in a long term facility
• Immunocompromised patient
• The health care worker is at risk
17. Infection Chain forTB
• The pathogen is a bacteria indicated in the
diagram.
• Reservoir is a patient with the infection.
• Portal of exit is saliva droplet and sneezing.
• Mode of transmission id airborne.
• Portal of entry occurs when a susceptible host
e.g a medication aide breathes in the air or
droplet of a diseased patient.
• This care giver eventually becomes the host.
18. Breaking the chain
Ways to break the chain of infection.
Medical asepsis/ clean technique.
• Proper use of gloves
• Follow CDC rules for respiratory hygiene/
cough etiquette (www.cdc.gov)
• Destroy Pathogen by disinfectant /
sterilization
• Caring for supplies and equipment.
Editor's Notes
NOTE:
To change the image on this slide, select the picture and delete it. Then click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image.
