Preliminary Business Plan Report Rubrics 1. Completi
1. Preliminary Business Plan Report Rubrics
1. Completing the table below: 10 points
Product Concept
Company Name
Company Home
Location
New International
Location
Similar Products in
market
Industry(ies):
2. Carry out SWOT analysis. 20 points
3. Subsequently, develop strategies on how to move
internationally (i.e.
exporting, strategic alliance, subsidiary etc.). 30 points
2. 4. Carry out QSPM. 30 points
5. Writing style and format. 10 points
CHAPTER 7
International Strategy: Creating Value in Global Markets
Copyright Anatoli Styf/Shutterstock
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Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should have a good
understanding of:
7-1 The importance of international expansion as a viable
diversification strategy.
7-2 The sources of national advantage; that is, why an industry
in a given country is more (or less) successful than the same
industry in another country.
7-3 The motivations (or benefits) and the risks associated with
international expansion, including the emerging trend for
greater offshoring and outsourcing activity.
7-4 The two opposing forces – cost reduction and adaptation to
local markets – that firms face when entering international
12. reduction. Location decisions can affect the quality with which
any activity is performed in terms of the availability of needed
talent, speed of learning, and the quality of external and internal
coordination. Location decisions can affect the cost structure in
terms of local manpower and other resources, transportation and
logistics, and government incentives and the local tax structure.
Nike’s manufacture of shoes in Asia is an example. Erratic
swings in the exchange ratios between global currencies
requires firms to manage these currency risks by spreading the
high cost elements of their manufacturing operations across a
few select and carefully chosen locations around the world. In
addition, by expanding into new markets, corporations expose
themselves to differing market demands, R&D capabilities,
functional skills, organizational processes, and managerial
practices. This provides opportunities for managers to transfer
the knowledge that results from these exposures back to their
home office and to other divisions in the firm. Thus, expansion
into new markets provides a range of learning opportunities.
Reverse innovation = new products developed by developed-
country multinational firms for emerging markets that have
adequate functionality at a low cost. Many leading companies
are discovering that developing products specifically for
emerging markets can pay off in a big way. When products can
deliver adequate functionality at a fraction of the cost, these
products can subsequently find success in value segments in
wealthy countries as well.
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International Expansion: Risks
(1 of 2)
Multinational firms also encounter risks.
Political risk due to social unrest, military turmoil,
demonstrations, terrorism, absence of the rule of law can lead to
Destruction of property
Disruption of operations
Non-payment for goods and services
29. expand into international markets. Exporting = producing goods
in one country to sell to residents of another country. This
strategy enables the firm to invest the least amount of resources
in terms of its product, its organization, and its overall
corporate strategy. However, the firm has a limited ability to
tailor its products to meet local market needs. Licensing = a
contractual arrangement in which a company receives a royalty
or fee in exchange for the right to use its trademark, patent,
trade secret, or other valuable intellectual property. Franchising
= a contractual arrangement in which a company receives a
royalty or fee in exchange for the right to use its intellectual
property; it usually involves a longer time period than licensing
and includes other factors, such as monitoring of operations,
training, and advertising. Franchising has the advantage of
limiting the risk exposure that a firm has in overseas markets
while, at the same time, the firm is able to expand the revenue
base of the company. An advantage of licensing is that the firm
granting a license incurs little risk, since it does not have to
invest any significant resources into the country itself. In turn,
the licensee (the firm receiving the license) gains access to the
trademark, patent, and so on, and is able to potentially create
competitive advantages. However, the licensor gives up control
of its product and forgoes potential revenues and profits.
Strategic alliances and joint ventures allow firms to increase
revenues and reduce costs as well as enhance learning and
diffuse technologies. However, trust is a vital element.
(Remember the discussion of this in Chapter 6.) Wholly Owned
Subsidiary = a business in which a multinational company owns
100% of the stock. A firm can establish a wholly owned
subsidiary by acquiring an existing company in the home
country or developing a totally new operation, often referred to
as a “greenfield venture.” This can be expensive and risky, and
is most appropriate where a firm already has the appropriate
knowledge and capabilities that it can leverage rather easily
through multiple locations.
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