Jacky Chen
Professor Navarro
English 1A
16 October, 2021
Impacts Of Art to The World and Why It Had Been Disregarded in Many Places
Art is the expression, application, or depiction of creative ability and creativity via
visual media such as painting and sculpture. The artists have made significant contributions
to society via their work, which has resulted in a sea shift in how people see real-world
events. Nonetheless, art brings silent ideas to life and allows them to be interpreted by the rest
of the world present artists art with a purpose in mind. Various individuals perceive their
intentions and meanings differently based on their prior exposure to art, their known history,
and the historical period in which the art is exhibited. In this context, I will use chapter two of
our textbook to discuss the influence of arts on society while critically analyzing the author's
use of rhetorical devices and comparing them with " Dr. Larry Brewster and California
Arts-in-Corrections: A Case Study in Correctional Arts Research." This chapter of the book
is written by Checker and Fishman and focuses on many issues, but I will point out her
arguments on the impact of art in New York and why art had been disregarded in many
places.
The author uses rhetorical devices to appeal to us on the causes of art underestimation
in New York. Using pathos, the author appeals to our emotions by stating the ways art has
been underscoring in modern America. The author appeals to our feelings when passing
through her arguments on the importance of art in people's lives, specifically in politics. She
wants us to feel how she thinks about how art has lost its value in a modernized society. Here,
the author paints a vivid picture of how she dwelled into teaching, she needed people to "be
impacted by the theatre" (Checker and Fishman, 57). She constantly reminds us of why art
should still be embraced even after the evolution of museums and the gallery system. "This
work has underscored the many contradictions between our artistic ideas and how they have
been institutionalized since the modern era, brilliantly accounting for the art world I
experienced, with all its dissatisfactions" (Checker and Fishman, 53). Artists raised concerns
about funding organizations' propensity to quantify economic outcomes rather than recognize
aesthetic and social worth when evaluating creative initiatives piqued the author's attention.
The author uses pathos and introduces a fair share of life examples and writings to
appeal to us on how art is influential and impacts our daily lives. Also, through pathos,
Fishman points out that "consequently, the arts no longer serve as a source of inspiration or a
means of expressing concern for most people (Checker and Fishman, 53). It's not uncommon
for the author to talk about art's significance and its favorable reactions. Throughout the
chapter, she successfully uses pathos to build a sympathetic picture via emot ...
1. Jacky Chen
Professor Navarro
English 1A
16 October, 2021
Impacts Of Art to The World and Why It Had Been Disregarded
in Many Places
Art is the expression, application, or depiction of creative
ability and creativity via
visual media such as painting and sculpture. The artists have
made significant contributions
to society via their work, which has resulted in a sea shift in
how people see real-world
events. Nonetheless, art brings silent ideas to life and allows
them to be interpreted by the rest
of the world present artists art with a purpose in mind. Various
individuals perceive their
intentions and meanings differently based on their prior
exposure to art, their known history,
and the historical period in which the art is exhibited. In this
context, I will use chapter two of
2. our textbook to discuss the influence of arts on society while
critically analyzing the author's
use of rhetorical devices and comparing them with " Dr. Larry
Brewster and California
Arts-in-Corrections: A Case Study in Correctional Arts
Research." This chapter of the book
is written by Checker and Fishman and focuses on many issues,
but I will point out her
arguments on the impact of art in New York and why art had
been disregarded in many
places.
The author uses rhetorical devices to appeal to us on the causes
of art underestimation
in New York. Using pathos, the author appeals to our emotions
by stating the ways art has
been underscoring in modern America. The author appeals to
our feelings when passing
through her arguments on the importance of art in people's
lives, specifically in politics. She
wants us to feel how she thinks about how art has lost its value
in a modernized society. Here,
the author paints a vivid picture of how she dwelled into
teaching, she needed people to "be
3. impacted by the theatre" (Checker and Fishman, 57). She
constantly reminds us of why art
should still be embraced even after the evolution of museums
and the gallery system. "This
work has underscored the many contradictions between our
artistic ideas and how they have
been institutionalized since the modern era, brilliantly
accounting for the art world I
experienced, with all its dissatisfactions" (Checker and
Fishman, 53). Artists raised concerns
about funding organizations' propensity to quantify economic
outcomes rather than recognize
aesthetic and social worth when evaluating creative initiatives
piqued the author's attention.
The author uses pathos and introduces a fair share of life
examples and writings to
appeal to us on how art is influential and impacts our daily
lives. Also, through pathos,
Fishman points out that "consequently, the arts no longer serve
as a source of inspiration or a
means of expressing concern for most people (Checker and
Fishman, 53). It's not uncommon
for the author to talk about art's significance and its favorable
reactions. Throughout the
4. chapter, she successfully uses pathos to build a sympathetic
picture via emotionally charged
words and phrases. She notes that 'she sang her final song"
(Checker and Fishman, 54) on the
budget and that "she left the art world" because it dismayed her.
The author selected this
story as symptomatic of the Pathos device since we can all
identify with these problems.
Pathos seems to be more successful than Ethos or Logos as a
rhetorical technique the author
uses in certain situations. These words help establish the
impacts of art in the New York
modernized society, and they are an appeal to pathos or the
readers' feelings of anger and
frustration.
There are many times in the book when the author discusses the
value of art and its
advantages. The author says that artists educate their pupils
"that witnessing an artwork may
be an opportunity to express a point of view, to think about
different concepts, and to think
critically about their surroundings" (Checker and Fishman, 66).
Using this example, we can
5. understand how important art is while simultaneously
emphasizing its seriousness. As a
result, the author imbues the work with meaning. They reassert
the thesis by utilizing these
instances, making it more straightforward for the listener to
relate to.
Throughout this chapter, there is a particular anchoring bias
towards art's power on
teachers' lives and not a societal impact. This leads us to the
second sense in which this work
is cultural activism. The author noted that several artists and
directors told her that teaching
was something broader than art. Arts educators want to foster
independence, self-confidence,
observation, and critical thinking in their students by teaching
"creative thinking," a rigorous
cognitive process. They believe that a democratic education
aims to prepare students to be
engaged citizens, which many people believe the present
educational system does not
adequately prepare them to achieve. Their teaching methods
thus directly challenge the
dominant educational ethos and agenda in America, which
6. focuses on producing an
educational product, judged through relentless testing. In these
hierarchical and positivist
educational approaches, some things must be known, and
children are measured by whether
they can prove they know them on a test. This demonstrates that
the mental dispositions and
work processes that program directors and artists teach are
critical to productive and creative
thinking in any industry. Because of this, it's challenging to be
impartial when discussing the
effect of the arts outside the classroom. Because of their ties,
the author has a soft spot for
teaching artists and wants to learn more about it. These
problems of art's impotence and
influence are also felt when people have this prejudice while
discussing or writing about
other professions. The author chooses a career they are
passionate about narrows the
audience's understanding of the problem.
Art's effects on people's lives and the helplessness of art and
artists due to modernity
are explored in this chapter through various cause-and-effect
scenarios. As an example,
7. consider the passage where the author discusses the relationship
between art's importance in
the New York City community and its causes and effects.
Cultural groups, institutions, and
artists in New York City started to fill the void (Checker and
Fishman, 55). In this
cause-and-effect example, the reader will see how widespread
these problems are in New
York City and how they influence art programs in the city's
standard curriculum in the future.
In addition, the reader will be able to adapt the circumstances to
their states or regions by
looking at them through the lens of New York City. It provides
students with the opportunity
to develop and examine their own opinions on the reasons and
consequences of art
curriculum inclusion — or exclusion — in their school systems.
According to the author's opinion, art education is no longer
necessary, as shown by
certain schools no longer provide art classes. "Instead, they
operate with the belief that
instructors and students must first gain confidence in their
8. views and separate themselves
from authoritative interpretations to build critical perspective"
(Checker and Fishman, 61).
However, throughout the chapter, the author's tone is assertive,
making it appealing to
readers.
The second article is a fascinating case study that tells how an
arts-correctional body
of research came to exist, and I will be brief while analyzing it
rhetorically. Native American
art is one of the practices that belong to Americans' aboriginal
inhabitants. Consequently, it
was mainly produced after the European contact. The native
Americans knew nothing about
art and artists, but few American Indians allowed art to become
part of their daily lives.
During recent times art was only recognized as an imperative
significance when wealth was
the essential factor in the culture. This article uses logos to
appeal to its readers by reason.
Logos are prevalent throughout this case study, as the author
notes in the article's first
paragraph that this correctional arts program is among the
longest-running in the country and
9. also has the most research behind it" (Gardner, 195). An
impressive success story in
correctional arts has been the quantity and quality of AIC
program assessments.
The article is a peer-reviewed article that has provided a vital
contribution to the study
of the correctional art research and therefore has no biases.
With a strong use of analytical
methodologies and the author having no conflict of interest with
the investigation, this article
is solid. When the author says that "any study on correctional
arts programs is good"
(Gardner, 199), he's using logos throughout the piece. Because
of this, it is not easy to
conduct double-blind, controlled, randomized research on
people who have been incarcerated
or who are on probation or parole.
Throughout the article, the author uses evidence which is a
building block for solid
arguments. She uses more than ten peer-reviewed articles to
conclude and analyze the data
she has at hand. In the United States and abroad, many arts-in-
10. corrections initiatives have
been successful. For the most part, these initiatives have never
been reviewed, their results
have never been quantified, and their history has never been
recorded (Gardner, 194). The
discipline of correctional arts relies heavily on stories to bolster
its arguments, but it lacks
reliable data to back up those arguments. Art activities are
offered extensively and sporadic in
correctional facilities throughout the United States, if not
regularly.
The author's tone is very inspirational. The entire article was
insightful and was
explained very calmly without any biases. The author used little
to no personal opinions
about the controversy as described in this article. Even though
additional research has come
out after those two points were made, the general tendency
remains the same. Fear of bad
outcomes, a lack of resources, or a perception of a lack of
resources, and "methodological
paralysis" have all been proposed as possible reasons (Gardner,
194).
Throughout the second chapter of our textbook, Checker and
11. Fishman, our author
appeals to our emotions on matters concerning art and society,
New York, to be specific. She
uses pathos in many instances to offer a way readers can relate
to the impact of art and its
powerlessness in many places through commonly held emotions.
On the other hand, Gardner
uses logic throughout her case study. The art of using logos
makes her readers feel smart by
using only facts to pass her arguments. The two articles appeal
to their readers with the same
purpose and ideas of arts and society; however, they use a
different pattern of the
organization throughout their course.
Conclusively, using logos and pathos, these articles have
appealed to our emotions,
logic, and rationality on the topic of art and correctional art in
California and New York. In
my opinion, these articles give readers an overview of the
importance of art to the world, the
reasons why skill is underestimated, and the perspectives with
which people view art. I
12. believe these articles were conclusive and fulfilled their
hypothesis. We need individuals like
Checker and Fishman to guarantee that art continues to be
taught in schools by the proper
artists since the art program was so effective that it was one of
the best models of prison arts
programming in California.
References
Checker, Melissa, and Maggie Fishman. Local Actions: Cultural
Activism, Power, and
Public Life in America, Columbia University Press, 2004.
ProQuest Ebook
Central,
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/sjsu/detail.action?docID=
909222.
Gardner Ph.D., Amanda. "Dr. Larry Brewster and California
Arts-in-Corrections: A
case study in correctional arts research." Journal of Prison
Education and Reentry
6.2 (2020): 194-200.
Stage 2: Topic Proposal
250 words minimum
13. MLA format
Post your reply in the Text Box
Once you have reviewed Step 1 and 2 for the Digital Short
complete a Topic Proposal
for Project 4 In the Text Box explain the Topic in California,
Issue, Audience and
Rhetorical Genre that you will utilize to assist with developing
your Digital Short. Include
a potential thesis statement for the focus of your Project 4.
Topic:
Issue:
Audience:
Rhetorical Genre:
Thesis Statement:
Jacky Chen
Professor Navarro
English 1A
13 September, 2021
Literacy
14. Education is a key component of a country's economy. It is a
measure of the potential
human capital of a nation. Literate individuals in a society have
greater social standing than their
peers, but they also have better jobs and chances for riches. The
greater the degree of literacy, the
better a nation is able to lead its goals/objectives for growth.
Literacy is the process of learning that allows a person to
comprehend and communicate
written material, obtain new knowledge, teach these abilities
and use the knowledge and skills
gained in society. The important terms here are acquire, the
capacity to comprehend, to teach, to
apply and to profit. However, at various times different
individuals have defined literacy
differently. Traditionally, literacy was defined as the capacity
to read, utilize written material
properly and write it in various situations. New aspects arise
from the definition, though.
In using the knowledge obtained from textual sources, this
definition does not require
critical thinking. It remains inadequate since it does not take
into consideration a number of
important elements of literacy.
15. Most individuals understand that literacy consists of a number
of concrete abilities
including cognitive reading and writing skills. These abilities
should be separate from the
environment of their acquisition and the background of the
person who obtains them. The person
should be able to decode phonetics, orthography, word
recognition and vocabulary. This
indicates that you should not rely on images to indicate
significance. The focus is on the capacity
to comprehend and convey orally provided knowledge as written
literature.
Recently, many academics have begun to use the word 'literacy'
in a much wider
metaphorical meaning, in order to allude to other talents and
skills, such as 'information literacy,'
'visual literacy'. The introduction of these ideas has changed the
understanding of literacy as a
collection of words and also the interpretation of signs,
symbols, images and sounds that vary
according to the social environment. These abilities allow a
person to collect knowledge and use
16. it in many situations.
Additionally, to the current notions of literacy, it should be a
learning process in which
people continuously acquire knowledge and abilities and use
them to serve society. According to
the National Literacy Teaching Investigation, reading learning
and reading teaching are generally
considered in the wider field of literacy. The literacy learning
system should thus concentrate on
research, reflection, customisation, testing, embedding,
deliberately practiced and shared
methods.
A literacy community is a group of individuals who
communicate through reading and
writing. It is a space where students are invited to discuss
writing and reading. The growth of
literacy relies on the wealth of the literacy group. Literacy
communities are based on
interpersonal connections built around the reading and writing
of a community. This implies that
the community frequently introduces and talks about new
literature. These talks focus on linking
books and book sections with real life or other books. Centres
on listing, journaling, book
17. response and resource charts are written to assist students
comprehend their learning.
In this case I do understand that the community has got
different ways on how they define
literacy. One of the definitions of literacy by the community is
someone who is able to read and
write. They all have the same understanding whereby they can
all communicate in one language.
It is the true definition of literacy by the community. It applies
in most cases on only in the
community but also within the school set up. The school in most
cases is termed to be a
community. The reason for this, is the fact that they get to share
the same cultures which defines.
They have gathered together for a common goal which is to get
education. The gathering in this
case is what we term as a community. The school in this case is
brought up by different
ideologies that they get to share on a daily basis. I therefore
think the fact that my own
understanding and definition of literacy is the same as that of
the community. The key aim with
18. literacy is the fact that it helps bring different people of the
same culture together. They can get
to share ideas at all times and exchange words. They also get to
share experiences and make a
better way on how they express themselves. All the members
are brought together with a
common goal which is to share ideas and interact on a daily
basis.
They help determine different things such as where I come
from. The key thing with
literacy is the fact that it helps provide me with the right
confidence that will determine what the
future goals for. The next thing is that I can get to express
myself among the people or the
community members due to the fact that we can get to speak the
same language and share the
same ideas.
Literacy has had an effect on me and my everyday lives, not just
in basic tasks, but also
in initiatives where my voice has a long-term influence. In
Melissa Checker and Maggie
Fishman's book Local Actions: Cultural activism, Power and
public life in America they state
how "... different activist groups... rather than being isolated,
19. these groups reach out to the
American public and often each other as they demand that they
are recognized, countered and
heard" (Page 2). Checker highlights the effect and the way
activists attempt to raise awareness of
activist and social movements.
Growing up in the Bay region, I have seen the effect of our
voices in a relatively liberal
place. The organizing of demonstrations is extremely frequent
in the Bay Area. I attended some
protests, where a huge number of posters hung with different
themes. Demonstrators utilize these
posters to convey their opinions and voices during
demonstrations and social movements. We
would remain quiet about political issues without our voices and
the willingness to utilize our
voices. As a person who is well aware of our present problems
with immigration, healthcare and
the Black Lives Matter movement, and a member of many social
movements, I have opened my
eyes to how literacy can affect Americans from every point of
life. We may prioritize and alter
20. our present problems by becoming informed and competent to
utilize literacy. For example, most
recently, police officers who killed the African American
George Floyd were jailed because
every day people protested to hold them responsible. To
prioritize these problems, we utilize the
power in our voice that provides "a variety of possibilities and
promises" (Page 2). Through
literacy, we may utilize our voices and disseminate knowledge
to educate other people and draw
attention to topics of concern to us.
My cousin has impacted my life and he was my greatest role
model while I grew up with
him. One thing that I learned from him was to use my voice to
influence the world positively. He
exposed me to social movements. As I started to comprehend
literacy in my identity, I
participated in immigrati on. I should identify as a timid person,
but I do appreciate the power my
voice has to 'transform prevailing views, ideas and
understanding for social change' when it
comes to societal problems (Page 6). I recognize the advantage
in my life and I am able to assist
21. other Asian and Chinese groups that feel their voices that are
not as strong with my literacy.
These events formed my "Social Identity" (page 7) through the
impact of my cousin.
Literacy is a challenge, particularly with English as a second
language in America. Not
only is literacy difficult for me but also for other Asian and
Chinese in the USA and other ethnic
communities. I was born in China with Chinese parents who
only spoke Chinese. I was totally
confused when I started third grade. In the mind of an eight-
year-old language it's strange, and
you don't know that there are numerous languages. I was able to
acquire the English language
with the assistance of my instructor and my elder cousin who
was then at school. I was able to
quickly take up the language due to the assistance I received.
That is why it is essential that we
begin to teach language skills for people from a very early age.
I think that it is very essential to
assist people who have faced this circumstance to learn a new
language. After all, it's necessary
in our daily lives.
22. When you think about literacy, you just think about it, but not
about yourself. My
Chinese parents moved to the United States in 2012, but then
my cousin and I became their
traductors. For the most part of my youth, I learnt literacy at
primary school, but also taught
English literacy to my parents. I often have to translate to the
staff at the grocery shops to obtain
assistance. That was extremely tough since English is my
second language and had not expanded
my vocabulary. The precise translation of terms proved difficult
to discover. It went on to my
education. I would start thinking in Chinese while writing
essays and desire to write Chinese
terms. It was certainly a barrier to my reading, and I think it
slowed down me, but benefited my
parents at the same time. My parents can now converse
effortlessly in English. Although it
slowed me down in school, it taught me the significance of
learning literacy in two languages to
assist others in a similar position.
Reference
23. Checker, M., & Fishman, M. (2005). Local actions: Cultural
activism, power, and public life in
America. Columbia University Press.
Overview: For Project 4 you will pull from your previous three
assignments and develop
a scholarly argument around an issue in the state of California
in the form of a Digital
short. The Digital short should pull from your three (3) Formal
assignments and your
informal assignments as evidence. You should reflect on the
progression of your
research, and look forward to where this research might head
next?
● The (rough draft) Script should be a minimum of 1000 words
● Process Write should be a minimum of 500 words
● The (final draft) Digital short should be a minimum of 10
minutes long
Submission guidelines
● You will submit the fully formatted Word Doc, Docx or Pdf
of the
Process Write to its correct folder, but this will be the primary
content
for the Blog post.
● Minimum 10 minutes in length.
● Include Title Slide and Concluding Slide with Credits/Work
Cited
● 4 Primary/Secondary resources (Including the Interview) -
24. Full MLA
Video / Presentation Requirements
● 10 minutes minimum, in length
● Sound effects, music, video clips
● Transitions, captions, title slide and credit slide (citations
Step 1:
Begin by recording the Script using any app on their phone,
personal computer,
or campus computers. I suggest recording the script in a
bathroom, or another
secluded place that they will have access in order to avoid
background noise. I
also emphasize listening to the audio after they record it on the
device, and
before they upload it to the Video Editing software. Once
completed, they will
email the document to the device utilized to assemble the video.
The assignment
is a minimum of 10 minutes, so the recording of the audio is a
good benchmark
for meeting the assignment guidelines for length. The
completed audio file will
also function as the student’s guide for where to place the
Digital sources in the
timeline.
Video / Presentation Requirements
● 10 minutes minimum, in length
● Sound effects, music, video clips
25. ● Transitions, captions, title slide and credit slide (citations
Step 1:
Begin by recording the Script using any app on their phone,
personal computer, or
campus computers. I suggest recording the script in a bathroom,
or another secluded
place that they will have access in order to avoid background
noise. I also emphasize
listening to the audio after they record it on the device, and
before they upload it to the
Video Editing software. Once completed, they will email the
document to the device
utilized to assemble the video. The assignment is a minimum of
10 minutes, so the
recording of the audio is a good benchmark for meeting the
assignment guidelines for
length. The completed audio file will also function as the
student’s guide for where to
place the Digital sources in the timeline.
Stage 5: Digital Short Process Write
Submit a 500 word process write that discusses your work with
the Projects and
Assignments in relation to Project 4 (your Digital Short). The
process letter should
clearly articulate how you have gained both knowledge of and
insight into your essay
and the research process.
● How did your research assist in locating your Issue,
Stakeholders, and
Faultline?
26. ● How did your writing help you in understanding the
competing Interest of
each Stakeholder?
● How did you translate your research and writing into a Digital
Short? Detail
the process and difficulties?
Utilize the following objectives for the project to assist with
explaining your process this
term as you developed the essays and digital short:
● Active engagement of the knowledge and research in a
meaningful way.
● Articulation of the research in an alternative mode (or
modes).
● Creative and thoughtful expression of the project’s
generation, drafting, and
revision.
● Publication of project so that the public has access to it (e.g.,
Canvas,
Youtube, etc.).
Stage 3: Digital Script Assignment
Digital Script
● Begin with your semester Outlines from Projects 1-3 to assist
with developing
10 Claims. These Claims will function as the first talking points
of your script.
27. ○ You might need to pull more Claims in order to meet the 10
minute
minimum for your presentation.
● Before you place your Claims on the Document, decide how
you wish to
present your research.
● Locate Images, Infographs, additional media, etc. that will
serve as visual
Evidence for each Claim. The pictures must relate to the
specific Claim.
(Think of our lecture on Visual Rhetoric, how can an image
support an idea or
message?
○ 2-3 media formats per Claim to function as Visual evidence.
● Open up a Word Document (Microsoft or Page), Power Point,
or Google
Slides
○ Note: Google Docs and Word Online will not help you earn an
“A
“on this project. You must use a program with the full version
of
Word or Pages. Utilize the school computer labs
● On the document:
1. List the Thesis for your essay.
2. List your 10 Claims/Topic Sentences,
3. Add your Visual Evidence under its respective Claim.
4. In 3-4 sentences below each picture, Analyze how each
picture is
28. Evidence for each Claim. Remember, your Script is explaining
the
Evidence that is presented on screen.
1. This is different than explaining Evidence that the reader
is processing from a quote or paraphrased line.
Requirements:
·
○ Word, PowerPoint, or Pages document with 10 Claims and 2-3
pieces of Visual Evidence.
○ Visual Evidence must pertain to each Claim.
○ Analysis must explain Evidence's relationship to Claim.
Step 1
Before we can assemble our Digital Script and Digital short, we
want to think of the style
or rhetorical genre that we are going to communicate our
writing through. Below, you
will find a few examples of Digital shorts. Each of these
present's information in very
different ways. We want to think of who our audience is and
how we want to present our
information to allow them to enter into our ideas. Are we trying
to motivate, inform,
educate, etc. our audience?
34. Post your reply in the Text Box
Once you have reviewed Step 1 and 2 for the Digital Short
complete a Topic Proposal
for Project 4 In the Text Box explain the Topic in California,
Issue, Audience and
Rhetorical Genre that you will utilize to assist with developing
your Digital Short. Include
a potential thesis statement for the focus of your Project 4.
Topic:
Issue:
Audience:
Rhetorical Genre:
Thesis Statement:
Stage 1: Assignment Guidelines
Overview: For Project 4 you will pull from your previous three
assignments and develop
a scholarly argument around an issue in the state of California
in the form of a Digital
short. The Digital short should pull from your three (3) Formal
assignments and your
informal assignments as evidence. You should reflect on the
progression of your
research, and look forward to where this research might head
next?
● The (rough draft) Script should be a minimum of 1000 words
35. ● Process Write should be a minimum of 500 words
● The (final draft) Digital short should be a minimum of 10
minutes long
Submission guidelines
● You will submit the fully formatted Word Doc, Docx or Pdf
of the Process
Write to its correct folder, but this will be the primary content
for the Blog post.
● Minimum 10 minutes in length.
● Include Title Slide and Concluding Slide with Credits/Work
Cited
● 4 Primary/Secondary resources (Including the Interview) -
Full MLA