Intro to Artificial Intelligence Introduction, Producion Rues, Intelligence, Knowledge

1. MCA 3rd SEMESTER ( Lateral Entry )
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
SUBMITTED TO : -
Prof. Vijayalaxmi P.C
SUBMITTED BY : -
Tanishq Soni
1

2. Context
1) Introduction to AI.
2) What is Intelligence?
3) Types and Forms Of AI.
4) Implementation Of AI.
5) What Is Knowledge? And Diff. with Intelligence.
6) Forms Of Knowledge.
7) Production Rules ( Components and Evaluation )and
8) Steps to create production rules.
2

3. Artificial Intelligence
-> AI is an area of Computer Science that emphasizes the creation of
intelligent machines that work and react like humans. ( mimic like humans ).
-> AI is the ability of digital computer controlled robot to perform tasks
commonly associated with intelligent beings. It is a branch of computer
science by which we create intelligent machines.
“The study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment,
people are better.”
`Rich & Knight, 1991`
3

4. Intelligence ??
-> Accordingly to the psychologists generally we do not characterize
human intelligence just by one characteristic but by the
combination of various diverse abilities.
-> Research in AI has focused on the following components of
knowledge:-
1) Learning
2) Reasoning
3) Perception
4) Problem Solving
5) Language
4

5. 1) Computer System ( Learning, Reasoning )
2) Expert System ( solve complex problems )
3) Intelligent System (sophisticated AI-based )
5
Types Of Systems

6. FORMS OF AI
6

7. 1st Form of AI
1) Artificial Narrow Intelligence
( ability to perform a single task extremely well )
2) Artificial General Intelligence
(program can perform any intellectual task that a human
could )
3) Artificial Super Intelligence
(AI that surpasses human intellect )
7

8. 1) Reactive Machines
( Only react to problems and not forming memories or store memory. )
2) Limited Memory
( Looks into past as it has limited memory )
3) Theory Of Mind
( Can have thoughts and emotions )
4) Self Awareness
( Capable to build consciousness )
8
2nd Form of AI

9. 1) Strong AI
( Meets the requirements of human or surpasses it )
2) Weak AI
( It performs specific tasks with the help of specific
patterns )
9
3rd Form of AI

10. 1) Analytical ( Cognitive Analysis, games etc. etc. )
2) Human Inspired ( Analytical + Emotional Intelligence )
3) Humanizes Artificial ( Above 2 + Social Intelligence etc. etc. )
4th Form of AI

11. 11
Implementation Of AI

12. 12
KNOWLEDGE

13. Knowledge??
13
-> Knowledge of real-worlds plays a vital role in intelligence and
same for creating artificial intelligence. Knowledge plays an
important role in demonstrating intelligent behaviour in AI agents.
An agent is only able to accurately act on some input when he has
some knowledge or experience about that input.

14. 14

15. Forms Of Knowledge
1) Declarative Knowledge ( explains something hidden in sentence )
2) Procedural Knowledge ( How to perform some task )
3) Heuristic Knowledge ( Comes with an experience )
4) Structural Knowledge ( Shows relation between objects & concepts )
5) Metadata ( Knowledge about knowledge )
15

16. Production Rules
16

17. Production Rules??
1) A production system (or production rule system) is a computer
program typically used to provide some form of artificial
intelligence, which consists primarily of a set of rules about
behaviour but it also includes the mechanism necessary to follow
those rules as the system responds to states of the world.
2) It consists of two parts:-
1) A sensory Reproduction ( If Statement )
2) An Action ( Then Statement )
17

18. Production Rules Evaluation
1) Forward Chaining :- Give some facts, work forward through
inference net. It discovers what conclusions can be derived from
facts.
2) Backward Chaining :- To determine if a decision should be made,
work backwards for justification for the decision. Eventually a
decision must be justified by facts.
18

19. Steps to Construct Production Rules System
19
1)Define the problem precisely.
2)Analyse the problem.
3)Isolate and represent the Task Knowledge that is necessary to solve
the problem.
4)Choose the best problem solving techniques and apply it.
5)Formal description of the problem.

20. 20
Components Of Production System
1)Set Of Rules.
2)Working Memory that stores temporary data.
3)A forward chaining inference engine.
4)A Control Strategy.
5)A rule Appliers.

21. 21
THANK YOU