Assessment involves determining what students know, understand, and can do. It is used to track progress, plan instruction, report to parents, and involve students in their own learning. Performance-based assessments measure a student's ability to apply skills and knowledge by completing an authentic task or process that requires higher-order thinking. Key characteristics of performance-based assessments include measuring specific objectives, being complex, authentic, process or product-oriented, open-ended, and time-bound. Rubrics are grading guides that lay out expectations for an assignment by listing criteria and quality levels on a scale to ensure consistent grading.