Earth_and_Life_Science_

1. Earth and Life Science
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Endogenic Processes

2. Earth and Life Science - Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Endogenic Processes
First Edition, 2020
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3. Earth and Life Science
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Endogenic Processes

4. 1
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Earth and Life Science – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Endogenic Processes!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

5. 2
For the learner:
Welcome to the Earth and Life Science – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Endogenic Processes!
Some of you are not too familiar with the endogenic processes. There are so many
things that it can mean. There are a lot of people who have associated endogenic with
some of the processes of the earth. Take note that because of endogenic processes,
there are so many things that have formed here on earth. The endogenic processes
that the earth has gone through have made it possible for different landforms to
emerge. Take note that there are so many landscapes that may not have been formed
without proper endogenic processes that have occurred in the past.
This module was designed to help you understand of the geologic processes that
occur within the Earth. But this time, this module will provide opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

6. 3
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
References This is a list of all sources used in developing
this module.

7. 4
What I Need to Know
This module is written to help the student to understand the geologic processes
that occur within the Earth. The students shall be able to recognize places where
erosion and landslides may pose risks in the community. At the end of this module,
student is expected to learn the following competencies:
1. The learners describe where the Earth’s internal heat comes from.
(S11/12ESIb-14)
2. Describe how magma is formed (magmatism). (S11/12ES-Ic-15)

8. 5
What I Know
Since this module will tackle Endogenic Process, let us see what we already
know about the different processes happening inside our planet Earth. Let’s enjoy
doing this activity!
Instructions: The title of this activity is Fantastic 5. It requires you to fill
in what is ask to the following questions.
5 layers of the Earth (outermost to
innermost)
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
5. _________________________
4 isotopes as main source of
radioactive heat
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
3 tectonic settings where
magma is formed.
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
2 primary sources of the
Earth's internal heat
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
1 role of volatiles in the partial
melting of rocks
1. ____________________________
____________________________
____________________________

9. 6
Lesson
6 ENDOGENIC PROCESS
In the previous module, it tackles Exogenic Processes. We understand the
geologic processes that occur on the surface of the Earth such as weathering,
erosion, mass wasting, and sedimentation. The distinction between weathering and
erosion, agents of erosion, it explains to us what mass wasting and deposition is.
As we continue our lesson, this module focusses on the geologic process that
occur inside the Earth. It will help you to understand where the Earth’s internal heat
comes from and how magma is being formed. But before that, let’s have a quick recap
about the lesson tackled by the previous module.
What’s In
Complete the flowchart about the Exogenic Process.
EXOGENIC PROCESS
1. ____________
•Physical
•Chemical
•Biological
Erosion
(Agents)
•2. ____________
•Ground Water
•3. ____________
•waves and
currents
•4. ____________
5. ____________
•Slow Mass
Movements
•Rapid Mass
Movements
Deposition

10. 7
What’s New
What type of rock does the picture 1 shown?
Correct! This is an Igneous Rock, specifically,
a granite.
 How is an igneous rock formed?
 If magma is defined as molten rock material,
do you need to melt rocks to form magma?
 Is temperature increase solely responsible
for the melting of rocks?
 Where and how is magma formed?
Take a quick review of Rock Cycle. Igneous rock is formed through the
cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Keep in mind the difference
between magma and lava! The term magma uses for molten rock that is
underground and lava for molten rock that breaks through the Earth's
surface. Also, be reminded with Earth’s internal structure. Temperature
increases with depth. But, shouldn't all the Earth's interior be molten? Let’s
find out about the Earth’s internal heat and how does the magma being
formed in this Module.
Notes to the Teacher
This module prepares students to create and visualize body
shapes according to how they are made or presented in a picture.
Picture 1

11. 8
Picture 2 shows
the estimated internal
temperature of the
Earth. You can notice
that the temperature
increases with its
depth, yet the mantle
and inner core remain
solid!
How does the
Earth redistribute its
heat? It is thru
simultaneous
conduction, convection
and radiation.
What is It
There are two categories of the internal heat sources of the Earth. These
are:
(1) Primordial heat: heat from accretion and bombardment of the
Earth during the early stages of formation. It is comparable when
you hit a hammer on hard surface several times, the metal in the
hammer will heat up (kinetic energy is transformed into heat energy).
(2) Radioactive heat (heat that is generated by a long-term radioactive
decay): sources of this are the four long-lived isotopes which has a
large half-life, namely K40, Th232, U235 and U238. It made a
continuing heat source over geologic time.
Do you have any idea about the Earth’s temperature?
Picture 2

12. 9
Column B
A. The heat transfer takes within
the fluid
B. The heat transfer occurs
through electromagnetic waves
without involving particles.
C. The heat transfer takes place
between objects by direct contact.
Column A
1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
Let’s take a break by answering the matching type of test
regarding the Conduction, convection and radiation.
Match Column A with Column B.
Another important thing to know is how does the magma being formed!
We can associate the rock cycle on how magma is being formed. Also, take
note that there are 3 tectonic settings where magma is formed. These are (1)
mid-oceanic ridges that is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate
tectonics. It uplifts the ocean floor when convection currents rise in the
mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates
meet at a divergent boundary, (2) hot spots are places within the mantle where
rocks melt to generate magma and subduction zones, lastly (3) the
subduction zone where in the biggest crash scene on Earth happens. These
margins mark the collision between two of the planet's tectonic plates.

13. 10
What’s More
To further understand the internal heat of the Earth and the concept of
convection where Earth redistribute its heat, let’s do this activity!
ACTIVITY: Chocolate Mantle Convection
OBJECTIVE: To illustrate how heat works in the mantle of the Earth.
Materials needed:
 Pan and stove or candle (Caution in handling pan and stove or candle)
 Chocolate powder
Instructions:
 Put water in the pan. Sprinkle it with chocolate powder until the top is
thickly covered with dry powder.
 Slowly put it on the stove or above the candle. Light the or stove or
candle.
 Let it boil for few minutes. Observe what happens.
 Read the rubrics in answering the questions.

14. 11
EXCEEDS
EXPECTATIONS
10pts
MEETS
EXPECTATIONS
8pts
NEEDS
IMPROVEMENT
7pts
NOT VISIBLE
6pts
Activity completed on
time; demonstrate
excellent level of
understanding of the
topic in presenting the
answers; correctly
answered all questions
Activity completed on
time; demonstrate
acceptable
understanding of the
topic in answering the
question; and
answered 2 questions
correctly
Activity completed on
time; correctly
answered 1 question;
answers are not
presented well
Did not complete
the activity and did
not answer any of
the questions
Questions:
1. How is heat transferred in the activity? Give evidence for your answer.
2. Describe what happens to the powder when the water starts to boil.
Explain why this occurs.
3. How does this activity relate to the formation of magma?

15. 12
What I Have Learned
Instructions: Supply the missing word/s to complete the sentence.
Choose the correct answer from the word pool below and write it on a
separate paper.
1. _____________ is the internal heat from accretion and bombardment
of the Earth during the early stages of formation.
2. ______________ is the heat generated by long-term radioactive decay.
3. ___________________ is an underwater mountain range, formed by
plate tectonics that uplifts the ocean floor when convection currents
rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma
where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary.
4. __________ is the innermost layer of the Earth.
5. _________________ where in the biggest crash scene on Earth
happens.
6. Partial melting of mantle thru _________________ happen where in
there is a decrease in pressure.
7. In ________________, the heat transfer takes place between objects
by direct contact. And it happens in the mantle.
8. __________ when mix with hot, dry rock, decreases the rock’s
melting point and they help break the chemical bonds in the rock
to allow melting.
9. The term ____________ uses for molten rock that is underground
and;
10. _____________ for molten rock that breaks through the Earth's
surface.
WORD POOL
Conduction
Radioactive Heat
mid-oceanic ridges
Primordial Heat
decompression melting
Subduction zone
Volatile
s
Core
Magma
lava
Mantle

16. 13
What I Can Do
As we about to finish this module, let us first reflect on how Earth’s Endogenic
Processes works and how it affects our lives by completing the Circle Organizer
below. Write the effect of Endogenic process to our lives in the circle below.
Answer as many as you can.
ENDOGENIC
PROCESSES
1)
2)
3)
Tectonic Plate
Movements

17. 14
EXCEEDS
EXPECTATIONS
10pts
MEETS
EXPECTATIONS
8pts
NEEDS
IMPROVEMENT
7pts
NOT VISIBLE
6pts
Activity completed on
time; demonstrate
excellent level of
understanding of the
topic in presenting the
answers; correctly
answered all questions
Activity completed
on time;
demonstrate
acceptable
understanding of the
topic in answering
the question; and
answered 2
questions correctly
Activity completed
on time; correctly
answered 1
question; answers
are not presented
well
Did not complete
the activity and
did not answer
any of the
questions

18. 15
Assessment
Answer the following questions.
EASY
1. What are the two primary sources of the Earth's internal heat?
Answer:
2. Cite three tectonic settings where magma is formed.
Answer:
3. What is the role of volatiles in the partial melting of rocks?
Answer:
DIFFICULT
4. What is decompression melting?
Answer:
5. How is the Earth's internal heat redistributed?
Answer:
6. Describe how rising magma causes melting.
Answer:
EXCEEDS
EXPECTATIONS
10pts
MEETS
EXPECTATIONS
8pts
NEEDS
IMPROVEMENT
7pts
NOT VISIBLE
6pts
Correctly
answered all
questions
Correctly answered
the easy questions
and ≤ 3 hard
questions
Correctly
answered the
easy questions
Only ≤ 3 of the
easy questions
are correctly
answered

19. 16
Additional Activities
Draw a schematic of a cross section of the earth, showing the different
layers of the earth. Include and label (when necessary) the following
parts of the illustration:
1. Different tectonic settings where magma is generated
2. The type of melting that is usually associated with the settings
identified in # 1
3. Heat transfer mechanisms and the direction of heat transfer (through
arrows)

20. 17
Answer Key
What
I
Know:
1.
Crust,
upper
mantle,
inner
mantle,
outer
core,
inner
core
2.
K40,
Th232,
U235
and
U238
3.
mid-oceanic
ridges,
hot
spots
and
subduction
zones
Nakaunat
4.
Primordial
heat
and
radioactive
heat
5.
Volatiles
help
break
the
chemical
bond
in
rocks,
and
at
the
same
time,
lower
the
melting
temperature
of
rocks.
What’s
In:
1.
Weathering
2.
Running
water
3.
Glaciers
4.
Wind
5.
Mass
movements
What
is
It:
1.
C
2.
A
3.
B

21. 18
What’s
More:
(possible
answer)
1.
Convection
is
shown
by
the
presence
of
mounds
and
cracks
in
between
the
mounds.
Radiation
is
illustrated
by
the
emitted
gas
directly
above
the
heat
source.
Conduction
is
evidenced
by
the
submerging
chocolate
powder
along
the
rims
of
the
pan.
2.
The
chocolate
powder
starts
to
rise,
forming
a
conical
shape
then
cracks
and
emits
gas.
Slowly,
the
chocolate
powder
around
it
starts
to
subside
and
get
wet.
The
heat
source
is
directly
beneath
this
zone
so
the
hotter
water
is
rising
in
that
area.
But
since
the
chocolate
powder
traps
the
water,
the
hot
water
starts
to
move
laterally
under
the
chocolate
powder,
forming
the
conical
shape,
before
it
manages
to
create
a
crater
where
the
water
is
released
as
gas.
3.
The
water
represents
the
asthenosphere,
the
chocolate
powder
represents
the
lithosphere
and
the
candles
represent
heat
sources.
Magma
is
formed
directly
above
the
heat
sources
due
to
relatively
higher
temperature.
Through
convection,
heat
is
transferred
to
other
places.
And
since
there
are
several
heat
sources,
several
convection
cells
develop.
Where
the
colder
portions
of
two
convection
cells
meet,
cracks
form
because
the
materials
are
being
pulled
downwards
by
the
subsiding
colder
water.
These
zones
represent
subduction
zones.

22. 19
What
I
have
Learned:
1.
Primordial
Heat
2.
Radioactive
Heat
3.
Mid-oceanic
ridges
4.
Core
5.
Subduction
zones
6.
Decompression
melting
7.
Conduction
8.
Volatiles
9.
Magma
10.
Lava
What
can
I
do:
1.
Earthquake,
new
land
formation,
Shaping
of
Earth’s
surface
2.
Rock
cycle,
new
resources
3.
Volcanic
eruption,
casualties,
natural
disaster
Assessment:
Easy
1.
Primordial
heat
and
radioactive
heat.
2.
mid-oceanic
ridges,
hot
spots
and
subduction
zones
3.
Volatiles
help
break
the
chemical
bond
in
rocks,
and
at
the
same
time,
lower
the
melting
temperature
of
rocks.
Difficult
4.
Decompression
melting
is
occurred
by
reducing
the
pressure
at
a
constant
temperature.
5.
Magma
transfers
the
heat
from
the
Earth’s
interior
to
the
surface
when
it
rises.
6.
Rising
magma
from
the
mantle
brings
heat
with
it
which
can
melt
the
surrounding
rocks
at
the
shallower
depths.

23. 20
References
Dela Cruz, A. C. et al. (2016) Earth and Life Science Teaching Guide.
C Commission on Higher Education.
Think & Learn Pvt Ltd. (n.d.). Byju’s The Learning App. BYJU’S. Retrieved
July 12, 2020, from https://byjus.com/physics/difference-between-
conduction-convection-and-radiation/

24. For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Region III,
Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)
Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan
Telefax: (047) 237-2102
Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph