Earth_and_Life_Science_Q1_M2_KDoctolero1.pdf

Earth and Life Science
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Minerals and Rocks

Earth and Life Science – Grade 11/ 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Minerals and Rocks
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan
Office Address: Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan
Telefax: (047) 237-2102
E-mail Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Kate E. Lapid
Editor: Jeshamenme A. Baluyot
Reviewer: Felina Lao-Sarmiento Ph.D.
Illustrator: Kate E. Lapid
Layout Artist: Melanie M.Pendon
Cover Design: LRMDS-Bataan
Management Team:
Schools Division Superintendent : Romeo M. Alip, PhD, CESO V
OIC-Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: William Roderick R. Fallorin
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : Milagros M. Peñaflor, PhD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS : Edgar E. Garcia, MITE
Education Program Supervisor, AP/ADM : Romeo M. Layug
Education Program Supervisor, Science : Edwin R. Bermillo
District Supervisor, Mariveles : Francisco B. Bautista
Division Lead Book Designer : Kenneth G. Doctolero
District LRMDS Coordinator, Mariveles : Jaypee M. Villa
School LRMDS Coordinator : Donna T. Santos-Villanueva
School Principal : Amelinda A. Fandialan
District Lead Layout Artist, Earth and Life:
District Lead Illustrator, Earth and Life :
District Lead Evaluator, Earth and Life :

1
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Earth and Life Science- Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Minerals and Rocks!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

2
For the learner:
Welcome to the Earth and Life Sciences-Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Minerals and Rocks!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know
This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
What I Know
This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

3
What is It
This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do
This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.
Answer Key
This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.

4
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

5
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written to help you to make a plan that the
community may use to conserve and protect its resources for future generations.
1. Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical
properties (S11/12ES-Ia-e-4)
1.1 Demonstrate understanding about physical and chemical properties of
minerals;
1.2 Identify some common rock-forming minerals; and
1.3 Classify minerals based on chemical affinity
2. The learners will be able to classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic (S11/12ESIb- 10).
2.1 Classify and describe the three basic rock types;
2.2 Establish relationships between rock types and the origin and
environment of deposition/formation; and
2.3 Understand the different geologic processes involved in rock formation
3. The learners explain how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion
and deposited elsewhere (S11/12ES-Ib-12).
3.1 Identify the different agents of erosion and deposition
3.2 Describe characteristic surface features and landforms created and the
processes that contributed to their formation

6
A. Instruction : Write FACT if the statement is TRUE and write BLUFF if the
statement is FALSE.
__________ 1. Gold is a common metal that is used in electric cables and wires.
__________ 2. The hardest mineral according to Moh’s Scale is diamond.
__________ 3. Fracture is a property of mineral that refers to breaking.
__________ 4. Quartz is classified as Silicate based on its chemical composition.
__________ 5. The two types of mineral according to chemical properties are silicate
and non-silicate mineral.
B. Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
_____ 6. It is a process wherein a rock will continuously mechanically disintegrate
and chemically decompose through time.
a. Weathering b. Erosion
c. Deposition d. Dilation
What I Know

7
_____ 7. It is a process wherein the sediments will move from higher to lower
location.
_____ 8. It is a process wherein fragments will lay on a particular area.
_____ 9. It is a tiny rock fragment that was a product of weathering.
a. sediments b. pebbles
c. sand d. grabble
_____ 10. It is an agent of erosion that is generated by tides, tsunamis and seiches.
a. Running water b. Sea waves
c. Glaciers d. Wind
_____ 11. It is formed by heat and pressure changing one type of rock into another
type of rock.
a. Intrusive Rocks c. Sedimentary Rocks
b. Metamorphic Rocks d. Igneous Rocks

8
_____ 12. It is formed by weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and
cementation of other rocks.
a. Igneous Rocks c. Sedimentary Rocks
b. Metamorphic Rocks d. None of the Above
_____ 13. A type of Igneous Rock formed in the deep part of volcanic vents or crater.
a. Extrusive Rocks c. Clastic Rocks
b. Intrusive Rocks d. Plutonic Rocks
_____ 14. Rocks formed as a result of volcanic activity, hot spots, and melting that
occurs in the mantle.
a. Igneous Rocks c. Metamorphic Rocks
b. Sedimentary Rocks d. None of the Above
_____ 15. It is the where the igneous rock was derived.
a. Magma b. Clay c. Lava d. Pebbles

9
Lesson
2
Minerals and Rocks
Minerals, like human-being, have its own properties. These properties may
be different from one mineral to another in terms of its definite crystalline structure
and chemical composition.
In this module, we will talk about the physical and chemical properties of
minerals. Though, chemical properties are hard to see by our naked eye and we
need the help of experts like geologist (an expert that deals with the history of the
Earth’s rock) and mineralogist (an expert that deals with the classification and
properties of each minerals) in performing experiments that will lead us to different
observations about the minerals and rocks. On the other hand, physical properties
are visible and easily determine by the help of our senses.
Moreover, we will also discuss about the Weathering, Erosion and Deposition
and how these processes differ from one another. The different agents of erosion
will also be undertaken such as running water, sea waves, glaciers, wind, ground
water and gravity.

10
Instruction: Classify the following words based on Earth’s subsystem:
LAND, WATER, AIR and LIFE.
OXYGEN STRATOSPHERE MAMMALS BACTERIA FISH
OCEAN HUMAN-BEING EXOSPHERE MANTLE ALGAE
LAKES ASTHENOSPHERE CARBON IRON RAIN
WATER LAND AIR LIFE
What’s In

11
What’s New
Instruction: Base on our topic last time, look for five different rocks in your
backyard and classify it according to their physical properties.
ROCK HABIT SIZE COLOR DENSITY HARDNESS
1
2
3
4
5
Guide Question:
1. Does the shape, size and color of the rocks differ from each other?
2. For the density, does the rock float or sink? How many of the rock floats? sinks?
3. Does the rock can be easily break or not? How many of it breaks?
4. Does the rock differ from one another?
5. What do you think would be the cause why rocks differ from one another?
Notes to the Teacher
This module was designed and written to help you to be able to
make a plan that the community may use to conserve and protect
its resources for future generations.

12
Criteria Outstanding (3) Satisfactory (2) Poor (1)
Content
(2x)
All the facts and
information are
present.
Some facts and
information are not
present.
It does not cater the
information.
Coherence The sentences and
paragraphs have
oneness of idea.
The sentences within the
paragraph have oneness
of idea, but do not have
relation to other
paragraph.
There is no oneness
of idea.

13
What is It
Hey! Before you continue, please spare some time for this guideline.
Minerals have physical and chemical properties: Physical properties are
known for having its object existence that helps us see, touch, smell, taste and
hear to observe the characteristics of a mineral. Moreover, it can be measured by
physical means such as height, weight and motion. On the other side, chemical
reaction, does not have these characteristics meaning, it is more difficult to observe
using our senses and requires scientific knowledge and skills to determine its
chemical composition and chemical structure.
On the other hand, weathering is a process wherein rock by the presence of
different “weather” starts to physically disintegrate and chemically decompose
forming tiny fragments called “sediment”. After this process, Erosion will occur, as
the segment travels from one place to another by means of different agents, and
lastly Deposition is the process wherein sediments will lay on specific area.

14
A. Instruction: Match the name with its descriptors in each number.
Carbonate Density Streak Hardness Fracture
Light transfer Specific
Gravity
Sulfide Cleavage Sulfate
Halide Color Malleable Phosphate Luster
Oxide Habit Tenacity Brittle Silicate
__________ 1. It indicates that diamond has the highest resistance for scratching
while talc has the lowest resistance.
_________ 2. It indicates that the mineral has presences of elements bromine,
fluorine, chlorine and iodine atom that is combined to any atom of sodium,
potassium and calcium.
__________ 3. It indicates that the mineral has presences of sulfur and oxygen.
_________ 4. This is a physical property of mineral that can be easily seen by
means of its hue, lightness and saturation.
_________ 5. It refers to the shape of a mineral.
__________ 6. It can be described as brittle, malleable, sectile and elastic.
__________ 7. It indicates that the mineral has presence of one or more atoms of
lead, iron or nickel which is combined to sulfur.
__________ 8. It refers to the ratio of the mineral and other object.

15
__________9. It indicates that the mineral has presences aluminium and iron
combined with oxygen.
__________ 10. It refers to the amount of matter in a mineral.
__________11. It is a type of tenacity, where in the mineral shatter into pieces.
__________12. It indicates that the mineral has presences of carbon and oxygen.
__________13. It refers to the tendency of mineral to break or bend.
__________ 14. It refers to the breaking of minerals even if it does not have
cleavage.
__________ 15. It indicates that the mineral has presences of calcium phosphate
combined with different compound.
__________ 16. It refers to the ability of the mineral to produce different line marks
after breaking.
__________ 17. It can be classified as opaque, transparent and translucent.
__________ 18. It indicates that the mineral has presences of silicon and oxygen.
__________ 19. It is a type of tenacity, wherein mineral easily hammered into
different shapes.
__________ 20. It refers to reflection of light and can be categorize as metallic,
submetallic and non-metallic.

16
B. Instruction: Fill in the chart to complete the agent of Erosion. Choose your
answer below
NAMES DESCRIPTION EFFECTS
Running
water
1.
2.
Transport sediments by means of
overland flow and stream flow.
3. 4. Transport sediments with water by
currents and waves.
Glaciers A big block of ice that moves
downside or outward form the
area of accumulation.
5.
6. An air with a strong pressure. 7.
Ground
Water
Reserve water in the in-
depth part of lithosphere.
8.
Gravity 9. Enables to pull the soil resulting
Mass Wasting or landside.
A pulling force towards the center of
the Earth.
Generated by tsunamis, tides and
seiches.
Wind Sea waves Lateral, headward and vertical erosion
Pick up sediments to use as a
rubbing material as it pass through.
Transport loose and fine sediment from
one place to another
Controlled by the size, shape, and
depth of bodies of water with velocity
and volume of water.
Dissolve soluble minerals that cause
hallows.

17
What’s More
Materials: Colored paper/ construction paper, scissors, pencil/pen, paste and bond
paper/intermediate paper
Instruction:
1. Make three circles with 3 inches diameter each using colored paper.
2. Make twenty pieces of rectangular shape using colored paper.
3. Write IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY and METAMORPHIC rock in circle cut-outs.
One word in one cut-out.
4. Write the following in rectangular cut-out, one word in one cut-out.
FELSIC PUMICE PHYLLITE CONGLOMERATE PLUTONIC
BRECIA SLATE INTRUSIVE NON-CLASTIC CLASTIC
OBSIDIAN SHALE QUARTZITE SAND STONE MAFIC
ANDESITE MARBLE EXTRUSIVE SILT STONE SCHIST
5. Classify the following rock whether it is IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY or
METAMORPHIC.
6. Answer the following guide question:
a. How can you classify the following rock based on their types.
b. How will you describe an Igneous rock?
c. How will you describe Sedimentary rock?
d. How will you describe a Metamorphic rock?
7. Paste your work on bond paper.

18
What I Have Learned
Instruction: Identify the agent of erosion in the following picture
1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.

19
What I Can Do
Instruction: Fill in the concept map with different procedures in rock cycle below.
Igneous
rocks
sediments
Sedimentary
rocks
Metamorphic
rock
magma
1. 8.
5.
2.
6.
7.
4.
3. 9.

20
A. Instruction : Write FACT if the statement is TRUE and write BLUFF if the
statement is FALSE.
__________ 1. Gold is a common metal that is used in electric cables and wires.
__________ 2. The hardest mineral according to Moh’s Scale is diamond.
__________ 3. Fracture is a property of mineral that refers to breaking.
__________ 4. Quartz is classified as Silicate based on its chemical composition.
__________ 5. The two types of mineral according to chemical properties are silicate
and non-silicate mineral.
B. Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
_____ 6. It is a process wherein a rock will continuously mechanically disintegrate
and chemically decompose through time.
_____ 7. It is a process wherein the sediments will move from higher to lower
location.
Assessment

21
_____ 8. It is a process wherein fragments will lay on a particular area.
_____ 9. It is a tiny rock fragment that was a product of weathering.
a. sediments b. pebbles
c. sand d. grabble
_____ 10. It is an agent of erosion that is generated by tides, tsunamis and seiches.
a. Running water b. Sea waves
c. Glaciers d. Wind
_____ 11. It is formed by heat and pressure changing one type of rock into another
type of rock.
a. Intrusive Rocks c. Sedimentary Rocks
b. Metamorphic Rocks d. Igneous Rocks
_____ 12. It is formed by weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and
cementation of other rocks.
a. Igneous Rocks c. Sedimentary Rocks
b. Metamorphic Rocks d. None of the Above
_____ 13. A type of Igneous Rock formed in the deep part of volcanic vents or crater.
a. Extrusive Rocks c. Clastic Rocks
b. Intrusive Rocks d. Plutonic Rocks

22
_____ 14. Rocks formed as a result of volcanic activity, hot spots, and melting that
occurs in the mantle.
a. Igneous Rocks c. Metamorphic Rocks
b. Sedimentary Rocks d. None of the Above
_____ 15. It is the where the igneous rock was derived.
a. Magma b. Clay c. Lava d. Pebbles

23
Instruction: Walk inside your backyard, and look for different changes of rock.
What do you think would be the cause? Write your observation inside the box.
Additional Activities
TALK AND WALK
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

24
Criteria Outstanding (5) Satisfactory (3) Poor (1)
Content
(2x)
All the facts and
information are
present to the
concept map.
Some facts and
information are not
present to the concept
map.
The concept map
does not possess
the concept of the
topic.
Coherence
The sentences and
paragraphs have
oneness of idea.
The sentences within the
paragraph have oneness
of idea, but do not have
relation to other
paragraph.
There is no
oneness of idea.
Timeliness
This is very
applicable to the
present situation.
This is applicable to the
present situation.
This in not
applicable to the
present situation.

25
WHAT I KNOW
WHAT’S IN
Answer Key
1.
BLUFF
6.
A
11.
B
2.
FACT
7.
B
12.
C
3.
FACT
8.
C
13.
D
4.
BLUFF
9.
A
14.
A
5.
FACT
10.
B
15.
A
WATER
LAND
AIR
LIFE
ocean
Asthenosphere
oxygen
oxygen
Oxygen
Carbon
stratosphere
Human-being
lakes
Mantle
Exosphere
mammals
rain
iron
carbon
bacteria
fish
Algae

26
WHAT IS IT
IGNEOUS
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
FELSIC
BRECCIA
QUARTZITE
MAFIC
CONGLOMERATE
MARBLE
INTRUSIVE
SAND
STONE
SLATE
EXTRUSIVE
SILT
STONE
PHYLLITE
PLUTONIC
SHALE
SCHIST
ANDESITE
NON-CLASTIC
PUMICE
CLASTIC
OBSIDIAN
Guide
Question:
a.
based
on
their
properties
b.
igneous
rock
are
mostly
black
in
color
and
compacted
c.
Sedimentary
rocks
have
grains
d.
Metamorphic
rocks
have
smooth
surface
1.
Hardness
6.
Tenacity
11.
Brittle
16.
Steak
2.
Halides
7.
Sulfides
12.
Carbonates
17.
Light
transmit
3.
Sulfates
8.
Specific
Gravity
13.
Cleavage
18.
Silicates
4.
Color
9.
Oxides
14.
Fracture
19.
Malleability
5.
Habit
10.
Density
15.
Phosphates
20.
Luster

27
WHAT’S MORE
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED WHAT I CAN DO
1.
cooling
2.
weathering
and
erosion
3.
compaction
and
cementation
4.
heat
and
pressure
5.
melting
6.
heat
and
pressure
7.
weathering
and
erosion
8.
melting
9.
weathering
and
erosion
1.
gravity
5.
running
water
2.
sea
waves
6.
glacier
3.
wind
7.
ground
water
4.
ground
water
1.
Lateral,
headward
and
vertical
erosion.
2.
Controlled
by
the
size,
shape,
and
depth
of
bodies
of
water
with
velocity
and
volume
of
water.
3.
Sea
waves
4.
Generated
by
tsunamis,
tides
and
seiches.
5.
Pick
up
sediments
to
use
as
a
rubbing
material
as
it
pass
through.
6.
Wind
7.
Transport
loose
and
fine
sediment
from
one
place
to
another.
8.
Dissolve
soluble
minerals
that
cause
hallows.
9.
A
pulling
force
towards
the
center
of
the
Earth.

28
References
Agsalud, Pricilla Sidney L. et’al. Earth Science. Jimczyville Publication. 2014.pg.
27-44
CHEd Philippines. Teaching Guide for Senior High School
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE. 2016

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Region III,
Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)
Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan
Telefax: (047) 237-2102
Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

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