classroom presentation

1. Reported/Indirect Speech
– Discurso Indirecto
1. It’s the only thing I know how to
do.
1. Natalie said that it was the only
think she knew how to do.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
2. I can follow through. 2. She said that she could follow
through.
3. There’s a way of turning back. 3. She said that there was a way of
turning back.
4. I won’t forget. 4. She said that she wouldn’t forget.

2. Direct speech – the term is used to describe the way we represent the spoken word
in writing. We punctuate the 4 types of sentences by putting quotation marks (“ ”)
outside all other punctuation marks, such as commas (,), full stops (.) and
exclamation marks (!).
Example: statement – “The shops close at 7 tonight.”
question – “Do the shops close at 7 tonight?”
command – “Shut the window!”
exclamation – “What a slow train this is!”
Indirect speech – when we want to report what someone says or said we have to
transform some aspects in the sentences and we transform the direct speech in
indirect speech.

3. Transformations
SAY ( said)
Example: Terry said: “They want to cut down the trees.”
Terry said they wanted to cut down the trees.
TELL ( told)
Example: John told me: “I am tired.”
John told me he was tired.
ASK ( asked)
Example: My mother asked me: “Where is my thermometer?”
My mother asked me where her thermometer was.
My mother asked me: “Do you have my thermometer?”
My mother asked me if I had her thermometer.
1. Introductory verbs: say, tell, ask (there are other verbs that you will learn in the
following years)

4. 2. Changes in the verb tenses
Present Simple
Terry said: “They want to cut down
the trees.”
Past Simple
Terry said (that) they wanted to cut
down the trees.
Present Continuous
Kamala said: “I am holding a
banner.”
Past Continuous
Kamala said (that) she was holding
a banner.
Future
The policeman said: “I will have to
arrest you.”
Conditional
The policeman told me (that) he
would have to arrest me.
Past Simple
“We had a terrible day.”
Past Perfect
They said they had had a terrible
day.

5. * Modal verbs
- can could
- will would
-may might
-must had to
The other modals stay the same.
3. Pronouns, determiners and other expressions.
Personal pronouns
I She
He
You I (she /
he)
She/he She /He
We they
You We
They They
Possessive determiners
My Her / his
Your My (her /
his)
Her / his Her / his
Our their
Your Our
Their Their

6. 4. Time expressions
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
here there, in that place
now then, at the time
today that day
tomorrow the next day; the following year
the day after tomorrow in two days
next year the following year
5. Use of that
He said he was at the demonstration. Or He said that he was at the
demonstration.
Sentence without that Sentence with that

7. 6. Reporting questions
He asked me: “How much does the toothbrush cost?” Verb in the
Present Simple
He asked me how much the toothbrush cost. Verb in the Past
Simple
* Nesta frase interrogativa permanece o interrogativo how much e
desaparece o verbo auxiliar does.
He asked her: “Do you have a new toothbrush?” Verb in the
Present Simple
He asked her if she had a new toothbrush. Verb in the Past
Simple
* Nesta frase interrogativa desaparece o verbo auxiliar do e aparece if (se).