Figures of Speech explained by Mrs. Lopamudra Mohapatra in 3 parts. This is Part 1. Part 2: https://www.slideshare.net/SunshineOnly/figures-of-speech-part-2 Part 3: https://www.slideshare.net/SunshineOnly/figures-of-speech-part-3

2. FIGURES OF SPEECH
A figure of speech is
a word or phrase that
has a meaning
something different
than its literal
meaning.
•It is non literal in sense
•It evokes a thought or an idea
•It stimulates our imagination
•It creates a mental picture

3. •Those based on
resemblance
•Simile
•Metaphor
•Personification
•Apostrophe
•Allegory
•Fable
•Parable
•Those based on Contrast:
•Antithesis
•Epigram
•Paradox
•Oxymoron
•Irony
•Satire
•Hyperbole
•Litotes
•Euphemism
•Pun
•Those based
on
Association:
•Metonymy
•Synecdoche
•Those
depending on
Construction
or
Arrangement
•Climax
•Anticlimax
•Bathos
•Alliteration
•Repetition
•Anaphora
•Anastrophe
The figures of speech may be classified under:

4. The two
dissimilar
things
agree on
atleast
one
common
quality

5. A metaphor is an implied simile. It does not,
like the simile, state that one thing is like
another or acts as another, but takes that for
granted and proceeds as if the two things
were one.
. Eg: The camel is the ship of the desert

6. All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances[...]
—William Shakespeare, As You Like It

7. Note: Every simile can be compressed into a
metaphor and every metaphor can be
expanded into a simile.
Thus, instead of saying:
Akash fought like a lion. (Simile)
we can say,
Akash was a lion in the fight. (Metaphor)

11. The phrase pathetic fallacy is a literary term for
attributing human emotions and traits to
inanimate objects of nature. It is a kind
of personification that is found in poetic writing
when, for example, clouds seem sullen, when
leaves dance, or when rocks seem indifferent
PATHETIC
FALLACY

18. Allegory is a form of
extended metaphor in
which objects, persons
and actions that have
meaning outside the
narrative. The underlying
meaning has moral,
social, religious or
political significance. The
story has a literal
meaning and a symbolic
meaning.
ALLEGORY

23. O where are you going?" said reader to rider,
"That valley is fatal when furnaces burn,
Yonder's the midden whose odors will madden,
That gap is the grave where the tall return."
"O do you imagine," said fearer to farer,
"That dusk will delay on your path to the pass,
Your diligent looking discover the lacking
Your footsteps feel from granite to grass?"
"O what was that bird," said horror to hearer,
"Did you see that shape in the twisted trees?
Behind you swiftly the figure comes softly,
The spot on your skin is a shocking disease?"
"Out of this house" ‚ said rider to reader,
"Yours never will" ‚ said farer to fearer,
"They're looking for you" ‚ said hearer to horror,
As he left them there, as he left them there.
WH Auden
Repetition of consonants
but with a distinct change
in vowels

28. The ice was here,
the ice was there,
The ice was all
around:
It crack’d and
growl’d, and roar’d
and howl’d,
Like noises in a
swound!

30. Part I Ends
Source: Google/Internet Images