PPT on electricity and magnetism class 10 and simple electrical components are mentioned here.

1. ELECTRICITY AND
MAGNETISM
BY: SUMANTH SY

3. Electricity is a form of
energy that can be easily
charged to many other
forms.
It cam be defined as flow of
electrons in a circuit.
It can be converted to
many forms

4. • It is the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed in an electric
circuit. Simply put, it is a measure of how much energy is used in a span of
time.
• In physics, the rate of transfer of electrical energy by an electrical circuit per
unit time is called electrical power. Here electrical energy can be either kinetic
energy or potential energy.
• In most of the cases, potential energy is considered, which is the energy
stored due to the relative positions of charged particles or electric fields.
Electrical power is denoted by P and measured using Watt.

5.  Electrical energy is moving energy. It is the flow of tiny particles
called electrons and protons. Electrical energy can be seen in
nature in a bolt of lightning, which is a large number of electrons
flowing through air all at once.
 Every time you plug a toaster or cellphone charger into a wall
outlet, electrical energy is powering those devices. Examples of
this kind of energy are also seen in electric eels, lightning, and
batteries. But electrical energy doesn't just generate electricity —
it can also be converted into other kinds of energy, like the thermal
energy that heats up your toaster and toasts your bread, or the
mechanical energy that makes an electric car move fast.

6. Electronics
Electronics is a branch of Science which deals with electric
circuits that involve active electrical components such as
resistors, transistors,diodes and integrated circuits and
associated passive electrical components and interconnection
technologies. Commonly electronic devices contain circuitry
consisting primarily or exclusively of active semiconductors
supplemented with passive elements this type of circuit is
described as an electronic circuit.

7. Active And Passive
component

8.  An electric circuit element which can supply electric power
to the circuit or power gain in the circuit, is known as
an active component.
 The common examples of active components are energy
sources (voltage or current source), generators,
semiconductor devices like transistors, solar cells, SCR, etc.

9. • A transistor is miniature semiconductor that
regulates or controls current or voltage flow in
addition amplifying and generating these
electrical signals and acting as a switch/gate
for them.
• Typically, transistors consist of three layers, or
terminals, of a semiconductor material, each of
which can carry a current.
• When working as an amplifier, a transistor
transforms a small input current into a bigger
output current. As a switch, it can be in one of
two distinct states -- on or off -- to control the
flow of electronic signals through an electrical
circuit or electronic device.

10. Diodes are used to protect circuits by limiting the voltage and to also
transform AC into DC. Semiconductors like silicon and germanium are used
to make the most of the diodes.
Even though they transmit current in a single direction, the way with which
they transmit differs. There are different kinds of diodes and each type has
its own applications.
Types of Diodes
1.Light Emitting Diode
2.Laser diode
3.Avalanche diode
4.Zener diode
5.Schottky diode
6.Photodiode
7.PN junction diode

11.  LED stands for light emitting diode. LED lighting products
produce light up to 90% more efficiently than
incandescent light bulbs.
 An electrical current passes through a microchip, which
illuminates the tiny light sources we call LEDs and the
result is visible light. To prevent performance issues, the
heat LEDs produce is absorbed into a heat sink.
L.E.D (Light Emitting Diode)

12.  Passive components like resistors,
inductors, and capacitors influence the
flow of power but do not require an
external power source to function.
 As the name ‘passive’ suggests – passive
devices do not provide gain or
amplification. Passive components cannot
amplify, oscillate, or generate an electrical
signal.
 Common examples of passive
components include:
• Resistors
• Inductors
• Capacitors

13. Resistor
s
A resistor is a passive two terminal electrical
component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element.
Resistors act to reduce current flow and at
the same time act to lower voltage levels
within circuits.

14. Type Of Resistors:-
Carbon Composition Resistor:- Made of carbon dust or
graphite paste and low voltage values.
Film Resistor:- Made from conductive metal oxide
paste, very low wattage values.
Semiconductor Resistor:- High frequency and mount thin
film technology.
 Wire wound Resistor:- Metallic bodies for heat
sink mounting very high wattage ratings.

15.  An inductor is a passive component that is used in most power electronic
circuits to store energy in the form of magnetic energy when electricity is
applied to it. One of the key properties of an inductor is that it impedes or
opposes any change in the amount of current flowing through it. Whenever the
current across the inductor changes it either acquires charge or loses the
charge in order to equalize the current passing through it.
 The S.I. unit of inductance is henry (H) and when we measure magnetic circuits
it is equivalent to weber/ampere. It is denoted by the symbol L.
Depending on the type of material used inductors can be classified as follows:
 Iron Core Inductor
 Air Core Inductor
 Iron Powder Inductor
 Ferrite Core Inductor which is divided into,
 Soft Ferrite
 Hard Ferrite

16.  A capacitor is considered as a passive element because
it can store energy in it as electricfield. The energy
dealing capacity of a capacitor is limited and transient – it
is not actually supplying energy, it is storing it for later
use.
 As such it is not considered an active component since
no energy is being supplied or amplified.

17. • Magnetism is a concept introduced in physics to help you understand one of the
fundamental interactions in nature, the interaction between moving charges. Like the
gravitational force and the electrostatic force, the magnetic force is an interaction at a
distance.
• The major difference between electricity and magnetism is their presence.
• Electricity can be present in a static charge, while magnetism’s presence is only felt
when there are moving charges as a result of electricity.
• In simple words, electricity can exist without magnetism, but magnetism cannot exist
without electricity.

18.  Magnetic Field is the region around a magnetic material or a
moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts.
A pictorial representation of the magnetic field which describes
how a magnetic force is distributed within and around a magnetic
material.
 The magnetic field arises when a charge is in motion. The two
basic ways by which one can arrange for a change to be in
motion and produce a useful magnetic field are as follows:
 The magnetic field created by a current-carrying conductor
 The motion of electrons around the nuclei of atoms

19. ”
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Things Needed
 Arduino Uno
 Resister
 LCD Display
 Switch
 Potentiometer
 Link for mechanism:-
https://www.tinkercad.com/things/2JETy
1fMfno-digital-clock/editel