The document provides information about the Coochbehar district of West Bengal, India. It discusses the district's location, climate, soil types, rainfall patterns, temperature trends, and constraints and strategies for agriculture. Key points include that Coochbehar experiences high annual rainfall averages over 3000mm in parts, has a growing season of over 220 days in some areas, and faces challenges like flash floods, moisture stress, and untimely monsoon patterns that impact crop production.

2. Location of the district
• Coochbehar, the southern tail of Sub Himalayan West Bengal
covers a total area of 3387 sq km is located between the
latitudinal extension of 255740N to 263220N &
longitudinal extension of 884740E to 894740E.
• It contributes 3.82% of the land mass of the State of West
Bengal. Cooch Behar is a district under the Jalpaiguri Division
of the state of West Bengal. It is located in the north-eastern
part of the state and bounded by the district of Jalpaiguri in the
north, state of Assam in the east and the international border in
the form of Indo-Bangladesh boundary in the south as well as in
the west.
• The name Cooch-Behar is derived from the name of the Koch
or Rajbongshi tribes indigenous to this region for many
centuries. The word Behar is derived from Sanskrit: vihara.

3. NAME OF THE
DISTRICT LAT EXTENSION LONG EXTENSION HEADQUARTER LOCATION
COOCHBEHAR
25°57'40'' N--
26°32'20'' N
88°47'40''E-
89°47'40''E Coochbehar
26°19'86''
N
89°23'53''E

4. SUB DIVISION CD BLOCK
Mekhliganj Mekhliganj.
Mekhliganj(M).
Haldibari.
Haldibari (M).
Mathabhanga Mathabhanga I.
Mathabhanga II.
Mathabhanga
(M).
Sital Kutchi.
Sadar Coochbehar I.
Coochbehar II.
Coochbehar (M).
Tufanganj Tufanganj I.
Tufanganj II.
Tufanganj (M).
Dinhata Dinhata I.
Dinhata II.
Dinhata (M).
Sitai.

5. •The district is mainly dominated by fine loamy-
coarse loamy soil.
•Coarse loamy-fine loamy soils are seen
•Deficiencies--Boron, zinc, calcium, magnesium,
and sulphur are high.
•Coochbehar is located in the foothills
of the Eastern Himalayas.
•Six river systems cut through the
district flowing in a south-
easterly direction. From the north
west to south east these are the Tista
system, Jaldhaka system, Torsa,
Kaljani, Raidak & Jayanti.

6. rainfall
• The monsoon enters the district from the eastern direction. The district gets about 78.83% of its normal
annual rainfall from the south-west monsoon winds.
• July can be designated as the rainiest month with average monthly rainfall of 792.9 mm from 19.6 rainy days
with the highest amount of 966.9 mm rain in 19.7 rainy days at Tufanganj & the lowest amount of 646.2 mm in
18 rainy days at Sitai.
• Average annual rainfall of the district is 3041.6 mm from 94.4 rainy days varying from 3539.7 mm of rain in
102.6 rainy days at Tufanganj to 2710.6 mm of rain in 87.8 rainy days in Mekhliganj. The co-efficient of
variability lies around 20.49%.
DISTRICT SEASONS AMOUNT OF RAINFALL NUMBER OF RAINY DAYS
Coochbehar Summer
121.86-175.9 mm 5.9-8.4 days
Monsoon
544.9-688.88 mm 15.2-17.35 days
Retreating Monsoon
7.45-84.05 mm 2.3-3.35 days
Winter
9.6mm-12.6mm 0.7 day—1 day

7. •West & south west getting
average annual rainfall of less
than 3000 mm.
•Central part between 3000-
3500 mm.
•Extreme north-eastern part
more than 3500 mm of
average annual rainfall.
•West & south western part having
average number of rainy days of less
than 90 days.
•Central part between 90-100 days.
•Extreme north east & northern
periphery of more than 100 days.

10. TRENDANALYSISOF ANNUALRAINFALL
YEAR TREND FROM MEAN AMOUNT OF 3411.91 MM
1976- 1982 Less than the mean amount reaching its lowest
value of 2198.6 mm in 1978.
1982-End of 1985 More than the mean amount.
1986 Less than mean.
After 1986-1989 More than mean reaching its maximum value of
5341.8 mm in 1988.
1989-1990 Almost the same.
1991-2003 Steady oscillation.
2004-2005 A rising trend is noticed.
A 3 year moving average graph was prepared that follows the same trend as that of
the annual rainfall. The semi average graph almost coincides with the mean amount.

11. RELATIONBETWEEN MEAN ANNUAL RAIN& CO-EFFICIENT
OF VARIABILITY (c.V)
MONTH
MEAN RAINFALL IN
MM
CV IN %
JAN 8.67 149.25
FEB 18.07 130.65
MAR 36.07 93.42
APR 154.1 59.79
MAY 350.1 45.52
JUN 651.33 35.84
JUL 914.46 36.5
AUG 596.77 57.53
SEP 502.58 47.71
OCT 161.44 78.18
NOV 10.62 154.23
DEC 7.67 152.54
DISTRICT SUMMER MONSOON POST
MONSOON
WINTER
Coochbehar 45.52-
93.42%
35.84-
57.53%
78.18-
154.23%
130.65-
152.54%

12. DISTRICT SEASONS
AVERAGE MEAN DAILY
MAXIMUM
AVERAGE MEAN DAILY
MINIMUM DIURNAL RANGE
AVERAGE MEAN
DAILY
Coochbehar Summer
30.3°C-31.2°C 19.3°C-19.4°C 10.9°C-11.9°C 24.8°C-25.2°C
Monsoon
30.8°C-31.4°C 24.5°C-25°C 5.9°C-6.7°C 27.8°C-28.2°C
Retreating Monsoon
29.1°C-29.5°C 18°C-19°C 10°C-11.35°C 23.6°C-24°C
Winter
23.9°C-25.2°C 10.5°C-11.2°C 12.7°C-14.6°C 17.5°C-17.9°C

13. TEMPERATURE IN C

14. DISTRICT SEASONS 07-00 HRS OF LMT 14-00 HRS OF LMT DIURNAL RANGE
Coochbehar Summer
81.3-86.3% 49.3-61% 25.3-32%
Monsoon
88.75-93.5% 72-78.75% 14.5-16.75%
Retreating Monsoon
84.5%- 89% 59%-60.5% 24%-30%
Winter
84.6%-92.6% 49.6%- 54.6% 33%-43%

15. RELATIVEHUMIDITYIN PERCENT

16. STATION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL
Coochbehar 2.3 3.2 4.7 6.9 6.5 5 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.6 2.3 1.8 3.975
STATION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL
Dinhata 6.6 8.1 8 7.8 6.9 5 4.5 5 5.6 8 8.3 8 6.8
Coochbehar 6.4 7.8 7.8 7.2 6.4 4.8 4.5 4.7 5.4 7.4 8 7.6 6.5
WINDSPEEDIN KM/HR
PERIODOF BRIGHTSUNSHINE

17. DEW.
• Coochbehar gets a significant amount of moisture from dew during non-rainy periods.
SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR TOTAL
Coochbehar 7.705 27.945 27.83 29.095 29.67 20.815 12.075 2.07 157.205
Rainfall 494.6 139.1 12.7 6.3 8.2 14.8 35.3 133.9 844.9

18. NAME JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL
THUNDER 0.2 0.8 2.2 7.4 11.9 10.2 8.1 7.5 9.5 2.3 0.3 0.3 60.7
HAIL 0 0 0 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3
DUST
STORM
0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
FOG 10.2 3.3 0.6 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.8 4.8 20.3

19. PERIODOF WATER SURPLUS & DEFICIT
SUB DIVISION WATER SURPLUS
AMOUNT
WATER SURPLUS
PERIOD
WATER DEFICIT
AMOUNT
WATER DEFICIT
PERIOD
Coochbehar Sadar 2760.3 mm April-October -218.3 mm November- March
Dinhata 2237.6 mm April-October -283.6 mm November-March
Mekhliganj 2164.9 mm May-September -447.6 mm October-April

20. WATERBALANCEDIAGRAM

21. ESTIMATIONOF GROWINGSEASON& HUMIDPERIOD.
PERIOD/SEASON LENGTH
Humid period 180-200 days in most parts.
160-180 days in a narrow tract in southern
part of the district
Growing Season More than 220 days in extreme north
eastern part.
Central part-200-220 days.
In north western part- 180-200 days.

22. PERIOD/SEASON ONSET CESSATION
Humid period Before 16th-20th April in the eastern part of
the district.
Central part- Between 16th-20th April to
26th-30th April.
Extreme west- After 26th-30th April.
Between 13th-17th October & 23rd-27th
October.
Growing Season Eastern part- 27th -31st March.
Central part—Between 27th -31st March &
6th-10th April.
South west—After 6th-10th April.
From most parts of the district between
23rd-27th October & 2nd-6th November.
Extreme west—Between 13th-17th October
to 23rd-27th October.

23. ESTIMATIONOF GROWING SEASON& HUMIDPERIOD

24. LANDUSE OF COOCHBEHAR
LANDUSE AREA IN HECTARES PERCENTAGE
Area according to village papers 331565
Area not available for cultivation 67288 20.29
Other uncultivated land excluding current fallow 9915 2.99
Forest cover 4256 1.28
Current fallow 3167 0.009551672
Net area sown 246939 0.744767994

25. LEVELOF HUMANCOMFORT

26. WEEKLY ASSUREDRAINFALL
CROP PLANNING SHOULD BE DONE BY CONSIDERING THE 60% OF WEEKLY
ASSURED RAINFALL TO MINIMISE CROP LOSS.

27. CONSTRAINTS FOR AGRICULTURE
• There has been a problem of flash flood in monsoon which developed an
adverse effect in the kharif crops.
• There has been a gap between the achieved productivity and achievable
productivity due to reasons like moisture stress at critical stages of crop.
• Late arrival of Monsoon also put an acute stress of water.
• Early withdrawal of Monsoon also responsible for the same.
• Even today a large numbers of crop are being grown traditionally in areas
without any consideration to its fitness with the prevailing climate
• A huge amount of water is required for cultivation of boro paddy and it is
cultivated during non rainy season. This is nothing but wastage of valuable
water.
• Continuation of wet spell severely destroyed standing crops.
• Promotion of pest hampered crop growth.

28. STRATEGIES UNDERTAKEN
• Replacement of boro paddy.
• Full advantage of weather.
• Rescheduling of the crop calendar.
• Alternative Crop.
• Irrigation & Drainage.
• Water conservation measure.
• Weather information to the farmer.

29. CONCLUSION
• Agriculture undoubtedly is the most weather
sensitive activity of man even today. There is no
doubt that crop production depends on weather
and climate to a much greater extent than any
other single factor of the environment. Since
meteorological factors influence and control
agricultural activity starting from variety selection
to the final stage of processing, an efficient and
judicious management of this factor is inevitable
for best utilization of the limited land resources.

30. bibliography
Source of the data-
•Agricultural Meteorology Division, Directorate in Agriculture Govt. of West Bengal
•India Meteorological Department, Govt. of India
•Agro-Meteorological crop yield assessment- F.A.O Rome (1986)
References-
•Das, P.K (1988): The Monsoon, National Book trust, India
•District Statistical Handbook (2005) Coochbehar Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, Govt. of West
Bengal
•Mishra, S (1990) Estimation of Growing Season and Humid Period in West Bengal with the help of Water
Balance, Indian Journal of Landscape system and Ecological Studies, Vol.13 No.1
•Mishra, S (1991) Climatic Trend of West Bengal, Vol.14 No.1
•Mishra, S (1992) Climatic Regions of West Bengal, Vol.15 No.1
•Mishra, S (1994) An Assessment of Assured Rainfall in West Bengal, Department of Agriculture, Govt. of
West Bengal
•Mishra, S (2002) Is the climate of West Bengal Changing? Changing Environment Scenario of the Indian Sub
continent
•Mishra, S (2004) Deposition of Dew and its Management in West Bengal Indian Journal of Landscape
Systems and Ecological Studies, Vol.27 No.1
•Mishra, S (2012) Drought and its management in West Bengal, Vol.35 No.1
•Mishra, S (2012) Climate Change and Agriculture, How can We face it?- A West Bengal Scenario Saar
Samachar Golden Indian Seminar
•Mishra, S (2013) Estimation of Water resource , An essential input for its conservation in West Bengal. West
Bengal(April-June), Department of 1& C.A, Govt of West Bengal
•Mishra, S (2013) Post Monsoon Weather and its obligations in West Bengal, West Bengal (Oct-Dec).
Department of 1& C.A. Govt of West Bengal