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Smart Business Process Framework
1. Smart Business Process - Driving breakthrough
productivity improvements in service operations
Sudhendu Rai
2. • Introduction
– Xerox Services Capabilities Overview
– Introducing the notion of Smart Business Process
– The need for Smart Business Process
• Vision
– Strategic vision
– Examples of science of process optimization
• LDP Lean Document Production- An instantiation of SBP within the print
production services domain
– Overview of print production process
– LDP Solution
– LDP Case Studies & Business Impact
• Current focus – Expanding SBP to transaction processing services
• Concluding Remarks
PARC | 2
Agenda
4. PARC | 4
What is Smart Business Process?
A business process that is continually optimized and operated using data-driven simulation
optimization and real-time productivity analytics encapsulated in standalone and web-
based software solutions
Data collection
using IT systems
& customized
technologies
(RFID, handheld
devices)
Data analysis
& simulation
optimization
framework
Workflow
models
using
simulations
Real-time
operational
techniques)],([)(
),(min
xYExgwhere
xxg
=
Smart
Business
Process
5. PARC | 5
The need for Smart Business Process
Service operations are
constantly challenged with
designing efficient
processes and to operate
them profitably
Transaction print
and mail
operations was
paying $3M in
financial
penalties due to
changes in
regulatory
compliance laws
Margin
improvement
Margin and client
sat improvement
TP capability
standardization,
margin
improvement,
service
integration
Service processes are
getting data-rich through
evolution of underlying
process management
platforms
IBM Filenet,
SPC controller
Regulatory
compliance
requires fine-
grained data
collection
OOM
Prisma
MCP2
MCP3
Cheap data collection
sensing technology offers
opportunity for process
data collection on multiple
dimensions
Wireless scanner
for manual
process event
data logging
RFID technology
Video cameras
Mobile phone
apps
Process modeling &
optimization can enable
breakthrough process
productivity gains
Theoretical
models
using simplified
abstractions
useful to gain
insights but do
not scale to real
world problems
Data driven
simulation
modeling and
optimization of
processes can be
the answer.
Additional innovation needed
• Process characterization and
abstraction
• Data collection, cleansing and
fusing
• Service structure optimization
• Real-time management techniques
Global
Bank
Global
Bank
Service
Bureau
Service
Bureau
6. Advance the science of data-driven domain specific service process
simulation optimization, instantiate the solutions through software tools
and platforms and demonstrate significant business results through
their deployment
PARC | 6
Strategic Vision
Handheld(s)
DCClient
Scan
Barcodes
AccessPoint
Data
Collection PC
DCServer
Job
Tracking
DB
Customer
Data
Job
Ticket
Operator
Ticket
Machine
Ticket Task
ID
Job
TicketJob
Ticket
Shop
Definition
Job Ticket
Printing
3'-0"
6'-0"
Desk
Customer Counter
DocuTech
6135
Specialty-paper
Shelving
F
r
o
n
t
StateofUtahCopyCenter1foot=
10feet=
F
r
o
n
t
Closet
Filing
Cabinet
Job File
Trays
Supplies
Booklet
Maker
F
r
o
n
t
F
r
o
n
t
Boxing & Finishing Table
DocuColor 6060
DocuColor 6060
F
r
o
n
t
Desk
Fridge &
Microwave
Desk
DC470
Table Table
Supplies Supplies Supplies
Filing
Cabinet
Work
Station
Scan
Station
Work
Station
Work
Station
Scan
Station
M20i
M20i
Trac
Super-
Sealer
The
Educa
tor
Lamin-
ator
Tabl
etop
Cutte
r
Sic
kin
ger
CL
12
Coil
Roller
Power
Pole
Power
Poles
Paper Pallet
DocuColor
5252
Supplies
Paper Pallet
Paper Pallet
Paper Pallet
Mobile Finishing Table
Mobile Finishing Table
Mobile Finishing Table
VeloBind
323
Ibico
EP-28
Power
Pole
DocuTech
6135
DocuTech
6135
DocuTech
6135
Power
Pole
Power
Pole
GBC
16DB2 &
111PM-3
GBC
Magna-
punch
FF1
DigiB
Mail Merge
FF?
Digi?
FF?
Digi?
Power
Pole
Shelves
Mail
Horizon PF-P330
Folder
Baumfolder
714
PDI
HD4170
Triumph 4850 A
Cutter
Ibico
HB-24
Coil Roller
Comb Binder
Comb
Binder
&
Punch
Coil
Punch
Comb
Punch
GBC
USP13
Profold Elite
Folder
Interlake S3A
Stitcher
F
r
o
n
t
Paddy Wagon
Drill
Inputs
Red: fax
Orange: customer walk-up
Yellow: email
Pink: Links
Green: courier
Print
Blue: B&W
Purple: color
Finishing
Teal: stitching
Dark red: cutting
Dark orange: folding
Dark green: comb & coil
Dark blue: drill
Desk
3'-0"
6'-0"
Specialty-paper
Shelving
StateofUtahCopyCenter1foot=
10feet=
Closet
Boxing & Finishing Table
Work Table
Table
Table
Work
Station
Scan
Station
M20i
Horizon PF-P330
Folder
GBC
USP13
Paddy Wagon
Challenge
EH3A Drill
DC470
Mobile Finishing Table
Chicago Screws
Supplies Supplies Supplies Supplies
Paper PalletPaper Pallet
Paper Pallet
Paper Pallet
Work
Station
Scan
Station
CustomerCounter
Desk
Filing
Cabinet
Filing
Cabinet
M20i
Profold Elite
Folder
Triumph4850A
Cutter
Clamco
Shrinkwrapper
GBC
Magna-
punch
Sickinger
CL12
PDI
HD4170
Ibico
EP-28
Ibico
HB-
24
GBC
16DB2 &
111PM-3Trac
Super-
Sealer
VeloBind
323
Fridge &
Microwave
The
Educa
tor
Lamin-
ator
MobileFinishingTable
Mobile Finishing Table
MobileFinishingTable
Job File
Trays
Inputs
Red: fax
Orange: customer walk-up
Yellow: email
Pink: Links
Green: courier
Print
Blue: B&W
Purple: color
Finishing
Teal: stitching
Dark red: cutting
Dark orange: folding
Dark green: comb & coil
Dark blue: drill
Interlake S3A
Stitcher
Baumfolder
714
DocuColor
5252
DocuTech
6135B
DocuTech
6135C
DocuTech
6135D
Booklet
Maker
DocuColor
6060B
Table-
top
Cutter
$$$
Cell Routing Algorithm
xij: Portion of job Ji to be manufactured by cell Cj.
tij: Estimated time for cell Cj to finish 100% of job Ji.
(tij=0 if Ji cannot be finished in Cj)
minimize F(x11,x12,…, xnm)
subject to
xij >=0, for all i,j
x11+x12+…+x1m=1, …,xn1+xn2+…+xnm=1
e.g.F=Gj(x11, x12,…, xnm) =x1j t1j+x2j t2j+…+xnj
tnj.
(F= Time that a given cell j isbusy)
minimize max {L1G1(x11, …, xnm),…, LmGm(x11,
…, xnm)}
subject to
xij >=0, for all i,j
x11+x12+…+x1m=1, …, xn1+xn2+…+xnm=1
Ljsare nonnegative constantsselected to expressour
preferences among the costs
e.g.
Take L1 >>L2,…, L1 >>Lm, to emphasize the busy
time of the first cell over the others.
Take L1 =L2 = … =Lm, to minimize the time to
finish all jobs.
Optimized
Process
Continuous Improvement
7. Recognizing the new trend in Operations Research: From
Problem-driven OR to Data-Driven OR
Problem driven OR
– The starting point is a problem identified by an academic or an
industry professional, and the challenge is to find answers by
developing new theory or new insights about the problem at hand
Data driven OR
– The starting point is not a specific problem, but rather a large data
set that allowed us to identify new opportunities
References
Simchi-Levi, D. “OM Research: From Problem-Driven to Data-Driven Research”, Manufacturing & Service Operations
Management Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 2014, pp 2-10
PARC | 7
8. Examples of Science of Process Optimization
• Data-driven simulation optimization
– Optimization of non-linear stochastic processes where the objective function is
evaluated using simulation models driven by actual process data
– A very rich area of research with a regular full-track at WSC – a premier conference
in the field of stochastic discrete-event simulation
• Process flexibility
– Cellular vs departmental workflows
– Flexibility allocation in a service enterprise
• Inter-process buffer optimization
• Workflow design and scheduling in the presence of heavy-tail job size
distribution
PARC | 8
9. Simulation Optimization – Discrete/Continuous
Optimization via simulation
where g(x) is the single objective
represented as the expected value of a random variable where represents the
randomness.
denotes the d-dimensional vectors with integer components
is the continuous parameter space
The distribution of is unknown function of the decision variable x but can be
determined via simulation models
Why is this hard?
• Simulation is computationally demanding
• The randomness makes it hard to compare and evaluate outcomes during the
optimization iterations and provide guarantees on optimality.
)],([)(
),(min
xYExgwhere
xxg
=
),( xY
),( xY
d
Z
d
R
PARC | 9
10. Areas of simulation optimization research
• Discrete optimization via simulation
• Ranking and selection
• Efficient simulation budget allocation
• Continuous optimization via simulation
• Random search methods
• Response surface methodology
• Stochastic gradient estimation
• Stochastic approximation
• Sample average approximation
• Stochastic constraints
• Variance reduction techniques
• Model-based stochastic search methods
• Markov decision processes
US Government funding agencies
• National Science Foundation
• Air Force Office of Scientific Research
• Department of Energy
• NIH
• Office of Naval Research
Many of these have been awarded within the last 5 years
PARC | 10
11. Exploring Process Flexibility for Service Process Design
• Flexibility is expensive
• How much flexibility is enough and how to allocate it
optimally is still an active area of research
Seminal work on process flexibility
Jordan, W.C, Graves, S.C. “Principles on the Benefits of Manufacturing
Process Flexibility”. Management Science Vol. 41, No. 4, April 1995.
Multi-stage supply chain
Graves SC, Tomlin BT (2003) Process flexibility in supply chains.
Management Sci. 49(7):907–919.
Queuing networks
Iravani SM, Van Oyen MP, Sims KT (2005) Structural flexibility: A new
perspective on the design of manufacturing and service operations.
Management Sci. 51(2):151–166.
Call centers
Wallace RB, Whitt W (2005) A staffing algorithm for call centers with skill-
based routing. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 7(4):276–294.
Proof of optimality of closed chains
Chou MC, Chua GA, Teo C-P, Zheng H (2010b) Design for process
flexibility: Efficiency of the long chain and sparse structure. Oper. Res.
58(1):43–58.
Simchi-Levi D., Wei, Y. “Understanding the performance of the long and
sparse designs in process flexibility”. Operations research. Vol. 60
No. 5, Sep-Oct 2012 pp 1125-1141
Open Issues In Flexibility Research
•For example: With asymmetric demand, closed chain may not be optimal
•Legros B., Jouini O., Dallery Y., “A flexible architecture for call centers with
skill-based routing” International Journal of Production Economics 159
(2015), 192-207
• “The most well-known architectures with limited flexibility such as
chaining fail against such symmetry. We propose a new architecture
referred to as single pooling with only two skills per agent and
demonstrate its efficiency”
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Limited
Flexibility
Closed
Chain
Network
Inflexible
network
PARC | 11
12. Buffer Optimization: Inter-machine buffers and production
uncertainty
System
Efficiency
Buffer Size
B
Gershwin, S.B., “Manufacturing Systems Engineering”. Prentice Hall.
PARC | 12
13. Developing solutions to deal with high levels of task size
variability in service processes
• Let X be a random variable with cdf F(x)
= P[X≤ x] and complementary cdf (ccdf)
Fc(x) = P[X>x]. We say here that a
distribution F(x) is fat-tailed if
Fc (x) ~ cx-a 0<a<2
In the limit of x->∞
α
dlogx
(x)dLogF
lim
x
c
-=
→
• Size-based binning policies are
more effective when task size
distribution is heavy-tailed in
distributed server processing
• Methods have to be adapted to
take into account production
characteristics such as setups,
job arrival patterns, multiple job
types etc.
h
xxdF
h
M
xxdFxxdFxxdF
p
k
px
x
x
x
x
kx
h
h
=====
=
= -
)(
)(...)()(
1
2
1
1
0
x0=k xh=px1 x2 xi
1.0
F(x) = Pr{ X ≤ x }
1
1
)( 1
1
11
=
+
-
=
-
--
a
a
a
aa
if
if
k
p
k
p
h
i
k
h
ih
x
h
ii
k: smallest job size
p: largets job size
a: Exponent in the Bounded Pareto distribution
M: Mean
h: Number of cutoff points
Bounded Pareto Distribution f(x) = (akax-a-1)/(1-(k/p)a)
pxk
pdf
job size
• On Choosing a Task Assignment policy for a distributed server system: M. Harchol-Balter, M.E. Crovella, C.D Murta,
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg.
• Size-independent vs. size-dependent policies in scheduling heavy-tailed distributions. Nham, J. (MS Thesis, MIT)
PARC | 13
14. • Simulation optimization enables us to optimize
complex service processes in the presence of
variability and uncertainty
• Optimal allocation of flexibility in service
operations can deliver almost the same benefit as
full flexibility
• Buffer optimization can enable systems to delivery
high throughput in the presence of failures and
downtime
• Novel scheduling strategies are utilized for dealing
with extremely high levels of variability in task size
distributions
PARC | 14
Benefits of a scientific approach to business process
optimization
)],([)(
),(min
xYExgwhere
xxg
=
System
Efficiency
Buffer Size
x0=k xh=px1 x2 xi
pdf
job size
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15. PARC | 15
Lean Document Production: An instance of SBP for Print
Production Services Domain
Data collection
using IT systems
& customized
technologies
(RFID, handheld
devices)
Data analysis
& simulation
optimization
framework
Workflow
models
using
simulations
Real-time
operational
techniques
Smart
Business
Process
SO techniques
• Ranking & selection
• Greedy algorithms
• Simulated
annealing
Data collection tools
• Wireless handheld
event data collection
tool
• Job/shop templates
• Standardized
questionnaires
16. Diverse Types of Print Shops
BellandHowell
Inserter
Inserter
Inserter
PB 8 Series
PB 8 Series
PB 8 Series
Inserter
Cage
Inserter Room
Desk
Desk
Desk
Desk
Desk
Desk
LOADING
Server Room
Mailing
Area
Input
Desk
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
1
Cutter
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
2
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
4
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
3
Desk
SQA
DESK
Moore
Sealer
Desk
Roll System
Printer
Desk
H
I
L
I
T
E
P
R
I
T
E
R
Desk
ShrinkWrapper
Pillar
DeskDesk
Desk
Desk
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
3
Desk
ShrinkWrapper
Roll System
Printer
55' - 4 1/4"
2' - 4 7/8"
18'-12"
62' - 1 1/8"
12'-0"
PAPER
PAPER
SKRINK
WRAP CUTTER DRILL
DOCUTECH # 2DOCUTECH # 1
D
O
C
U
T
EC
H
#
3
53905
1
0
0
D
O
C
4
0
B
DOC 40 A
DC
265 A
DC
265B
FAX
55' - 4 1/4"
Transaction Print Shop Copy Shop
Offset Print ShopCombination of Transaction & Copy Shop
PARC | 16
17. Print production services workflow overview
Collater
Cutter
Binder
Postage
Meter
Shipping
Electronic
Submission
Color Printer
Black & White
Printer
Large continuous
feed printer
Paper
cart
WIP
Jobs
Customer
Walk-in
Paper
cart
WIP
Finishing Mailing
Graphics
design
Pre-press
Customer
service
Printing
PARC | 17
18. 360003000024000180001200060000
Median
Mean
4003002001000
A nderson-Darling Normality Test
V ariance 2034062.0
Skew ness 16.142
Kurtosis 383.015
N 1692
Minimum 1.0
A -Squared
1st Q uartile 6.0
Median 28.0
3rd Q uartile 152.0
Maximum 39802.0
95% C onfidence Interv al for Mean
267.4
425.32
403.4
95% C onfidence Interv al for Median
25.0 33.0
95% C onfidence Interv al for StDev
1379.7 1476.0
P-V alue < 0.005
Mean 335.4
StDev 1426.2
95% Confidence Intervals
Job Size (Page Count) distribution
Challenges in optimizing production processes in a services
business
Production is done in customer
premises-Not a controlled factory
environment
Multiple sources of variability-
analytical modeling impractical
• Job
– arrival and due dates
– sizes
– types (routings)
– Volume fluctuation
• Equipment
– Random machine failure
and repair
– Processing rate variability
• Personnel
– Labor skill differences
– Flexible work schedules
Day
Volume
39035131227323419515611778391
6000000
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000
0
_
X=2220922
UCL=5074045
LB=0
3_5 4_5 5_5 6_5 7_5 8_5 9_5 10_511_512_51_6 2_6 3_6
111
Daily Production Volume
Failure Repair
PARC | 18
19. Traditional Print Shop Operation Frameworks
BellandHowell
Inserter
Inserter
Inserter
PB 8 Series
PB 8 Series
PB 8 Series
Inserter
Cage
Inserter Room
Desk
Desk
Desk
Desk
Desk
Desk
LOADING
Server Room
Mailing
Area
Input
Desk
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
1
Cutter
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
2
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
4
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
3
Desk
SQA
DESK
Moore
Sealer
Desk
Roll System
Printer
Desk
H
I
L
I
T
E
P
R
I
T
E
R
Desk
ShrinkWrapper
Pillar
DeskDesk
Desk
Desk
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
3
Desk
ShrinkWrapper
Roll System
Printer
•High equipment flexibility
•Low labor flexibility
•Classical job-shop scheduling
Job Shops Inline or Flow Shops
Print Shrinkwrap
•Automated inline systems
•Dedicated line (inflexible)
Mail
Print Insert Ship
PressureSeal
Shrinkwrap
Fulfillment
PARC | 19
20. LDP Lean Document Production Solution – The Notion of
Autonomous Cells
BellandHowell Inserter
Inserter
Inserter
PB 8 Series
PB 8 Series
PB 8 Series
Inserter
Cage
Inserter Room
Desk
Desk
Desk
Desk
Desk
Desk
LOADING
Server Room
Mailing
Area
Input
Desk
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
1
Cutter
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
2
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
4
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
3
Desk
SQA
DESK
Moore
Sealer
Desk
Roll System
Printer
Desk
H
I
L
I
T
E
P
R
I
T
E
R
Desk
ShrinkWrapper
Pillar
DeskDesk
Desk
Desk
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
3
Desk
ShrinkWrapper
Roll System
Printer
LOADING
Server Room
Mailing
Area
Input
Desk
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
1
Cutter
Inserter
PB8
Series
Inserter
PB8
Series
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
2
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
4
P
r
i
n
t
e
r
3
Desk
Desk
Desk
SQA
DESK
Inserter
PB8
Series
Moore
Sealer
Desk
Cell 4
Roll System
Printer
Desk
Desk
Cell 2
H
I
L
I
T
E
P
R
I
T
E
R
Desk
Shrink Wrapper
Pillar
Cell 3
Cell 1
An autonomous cell has all the resources (equipment and labor) to create a few
different types of finished products
PARC | 20
21. Routing
Sequencing and
Release Control
Batch-Splitting
• Job routing to cells occurs at jobs queued at the shop level
• Sequencing and release control occurs at the jobs queued at the cell interface
• Optimal batch-splitting occurs within the cell
LDP Lean Document Production Solution- Hierarchical
Scheduling
PARC | 21
22. Modeling, analysis and optimization algorithms
Cell Routing Algorithm
xij: Portion of job Ji to be manufactured by cell Cj.
tij: Estimated time for cell Cj to finish 100% of job Ji.
(tij=0 if Ji cannot be finished in Cj)
minimize F(x11,x12,…, xnm)
subject to
xij >= 0, for all i,j
x11+x12+…+x1m=1, …, xn1+xn2+…+xnm=1
e.g. F = Gj(x11, x12,…, xnm) = x1j t1j+x2j
t2j+…+xnj tnj.
(F = Time that a given cell j is busy)
minimize max {L1G1(x11, …, xnm), …, LmGm(x11,
…, xnm)}
subject to
xij >= 0, for all i,j
x11+x12+…+x1m=1, …, xn1+xn2+…+xnm=1
Ljs are nonnegative constants selected to express
our
preferences among the costs
e.g.
Take L1 >> L2, …, L1 >> Lm, to emphasize the
busy
time of the first cell over the others.
Take L1 = L2 = … = Lm, to minimize the time to
finish all jobs.
Batch Splitting Algorithm
T(b) = s1 + (r1+r2+…+rn) b + (N/b –1)
max{s1+r1b, s2+r2b, …, sn+rnb}.
• Compute the set of integers bs that
divide N exactly.
• Evaluate T(b) for all the bs in this set,
and store these
values in a vector.
• Select the minimum component of
this vector. The b
corresponding to this component is
the optimal batch size.
Print Black
& White
Pages
Print Color
Pages
Collate
& Trim
Fold Stitch
Mail
Print Black
& White
Pages
Print Color
Pages
Collate
& Trim
Fold Stitch
Mail
Print shop
independent
job description
language
Production
workflow
Signature booklet
with black and
white pages
Automated workflow mapping
Creation of discrete event simulation
models from declarative specification
of shop, job and algorithms
PARC | 22
23. Automated modeling and simulation
Inputs
•Shop, cell, equipment
and operator
configuration and
schedule
•Scheduling policy
parameters
Automated process
models incorporating
scheduling, batching,
dispatching rules and
operator assignment
Output Analysis
Iterative Design, Analysis and Optimization
PARC | 23
25. Examples of Simulation Optimization within LDP
Equipment
optimization
Operator
optimization
Rai, Gross, Ettam,
“Simulation-based
optimization using greedy
techniques and simulated
annealing for optimal
equipment selection
within print production
environments”
PARC | 25
26. LDP Lean Document Production Assessment Process
Current State Analysis
Job Types Capacity Analysis
Implementation
Bar-coded
Job Ticket
Control Logic
Tracking Database Internet
Server
Site Survey & Data Collection
Finishing Room
Print Room
Cell Design & Floor Plan Studies
Autonomous
Cells
Simulation results
Iterate over
multiple
scenarios
PARC | 26
27. Change Management Tools
Project
Definition
Roles
Shared need
Shape vision
and
Communication
Mobilize
commitment
Systems &
structures
Executed SOW
Force Field Analysis
More of / Less of
In/out frame
Assess Recommend Move & Install Ramp UP Steady State
Virtual
Pilot
Calendar Test
Management Roles
Stakeholder analysis
Threat vs. Opportunity Matrix “North Star”
Communication Plan / Lean Education Part I and II
Elevator Speech
Stakeholder analysis
Lean Metrics/ Pre and post transformation
PARC | 27
28. Benefits to Operations from deployment of LDP
Produce
More Jobs
Reduce
Your Costs
Grow
Your Business
Delight
Your Customers
• Improve job
turnaround time
by more than 20%
• Improve quality
(fewer defects
and late jobs)
• Manage customer
demands more
effectively
• Improve ability to
respond to rush
orders
• Improve
productivity by
more than 20%
• Improve capacity
by more than 10%
• Simplify job
management
(fewer touch
points)
• Do more with fewer
resources
• Reduce labor cost
by more than 12%
• Save more than
15%
in floor space
• More effectively
utilize/deploy
equipment
• Reduce storage and
obsolescence costs
• Increase revenue
by expanding
capacity of existing
capital and labor
• Increase profits and
cash flow, giving
you the opportunity
to INVEST and
GROW
PARC | 28
30. Lean Document Production: Success Stories
Global Financial Services Firm
Challenge
• Facing regulatory compliance pressures
to deliver more information in less time
Solution
• Applied Lean Document Production to consolidate
two statement-processing centers
• Streamlined operations to reduce labor costs, floor
space, and maintenance expenses
• Reconfigured and updated printing and insertion
equipment
Results
• First-year savings of $2.5M
• Reduced footprint by 46%, leading to $1M
in cost savings
• Optimized staffing allocation, increased color
output quality
“Using Xerox Lean Document
Production, we’re able to
produce customer statements
more efficiently, while
reducing costs significantly.”
Senior Executive,
Global Financial Services
Firm
PARC | 30
31. Printer Room
Inserter Room
Insert Warehouse
Print Forms
WarehouseCreditcard
Productionarea
Large transaction print and mail facility– before LDP
PARC | 31
32. Large transaction print and mail facility– after LDP
Key Results:
❑ 46% savings in floor space
(Emptied the printer
room)
❑ RPC consolidated in the
freed up space, additional
cost avoidance of $1M
Printers & Inserters
Combined in to cells
Freed up
Space
Freed
up
space
PARC | 32
33. Concluding Remarks
• The notion of Smart Business Process (SBP) was introduced
– A business process that is (continually) optimized and operated using data-
driven simulation optimization and real-time productivity analytics encapsulated
in standalone and web-based software solutions
• Some examples of underlying science behind SBP were presented
• An instantiation of SBP in the domain of print production services namely
Lean Document Production was discussed in detail to demonstrate
breakthrough operational productivity improvements
• SBP is being expanded to other areas:
• Transaction processing
• Healthcare/Hospitals
• Customer care/ call centers
• Transportation services
• …
PARC | 33