Waste to energy process by thermo chemical and energy calculation from this .You can get idea about the how the discarded waste can convert to energy by different process.

1. Waste to Energy Potential in
Bhubaneswar
SUBMITTED BY: SUBHASIS PANDA
M. tech in Energy System
College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar

2. Outline
• INTRODUCTION
• WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
• INCINERATION
• THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
• PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNIQUES
• FUTURE WORK
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
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3. Introduction
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4. Impacts of waste on earth
Climate Change
Effect on Health and Environment
Radioactive increase .
Pollution
Problems to forests
Animals
Increase Disease.
Other problems
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5. Types Of MSW
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Source: [6]

6. • Simplest form of physical conversion is
through compression of combustible
material (briquetting and pelletisation).
PHYSICAL
METHOD
•Mass burn technology in presence of oxygen
•Waste burn in incinerators to convert into
energy & (ash, harmful greenhouse gases) as
by Product.
INCINERATION
•Thermal treatment in the absence of oxygen at
low temperature.
•Syngas, pyrolysis liquid and coke obtained as
products.
THERMO -
CHEMICAL
•This process makes use of metabolic action of
microbial organism on biomass to produce
liquid and gaseous fuel .
•Processes used are Ethanol fermentation and
anaerobic fermentation.
BIOCHEMICAL
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7. INCINERATION
Incineration is the process of control and complete combustion, for
burning solid wastes. It leads to energy recovery and destruction of
toxic wastes.
In these plants the recyclable material is segregated and the rest of
the material is burnt.
Example: waste from hospitals
In some newer incinerators designed to operate at temperatures
high enough to produce a molten material, it may be possible to
reduce the volume to about 5% or even less
One of the most attractive features of the incineration process is
that it can be used to reduce the original volume of combustible
solid waste by 80–90%.
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8. Detailed Process
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9. ADVANTAGES
Most hygienic method.
Complete destruction of
pathogens.
No odor trouble.
Heat generated may be
used for steam power.
Clinkers produced may
be used for road
construction.
Less space required.
Adverse weather
condition has no effect.
DISADVANTAGES
Large initial expense.
Care and attention
required otherwise
incomplete combustion
will increase air
pollution.
Residues required to be
disposed which require
money.
Large no of vehicles
required for
transportation.
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10. Solid Waste management in India
Source : Ministry of Urban Development
Government of India Report 2016
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12. Case Study of Incineration
(Odisha)
Total waste collected in Bhubaneswar & Cuttack : 600+580
tons per day.
Total amount of solid waste can use in incineration :767 tons
Calorific value of Waste :4.6 MJ /kg. (Indian Standards).
Energy available if It brunt :3528200MJ(9.8MWH).
Efficiency of waste to energy converter: 35-45% .
Electrical energy available after incineration :3.92MWH
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13. Comparisonbetweenprocess
5Hectares
Soil Pollution
Air pollution
WaterPollution
Methaneemissions
Incinerator
Powerisproduced 500 KWhr
Air pollution (Dioxins+ furans)
Ash – 7.5 tons/day Hazardous
Hazardous landfill
Powerisproduced 600 KWhr
No air pollution
Vitrified slag – 2.5 tons/day
For construction, laying roadsPlasmaGasifier
For a typical 25 TPD
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SYN GAS
GASIFICATION
MSW
H2 FOR OIL
REFINING
CONSUMER
PRODUCT
SUBSTITUTE
NATURAL
GAS
CHEMICALSFERTILISER
TRANSPORTATION
FUELS
ELECTRICAL
POWER
STEAM

15. ProcessFlow
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Source: Kaveish Bioenergy (P) Ltd.

16. Wastes handledbyPlasma
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Website: www.kaveishbioenergy.com

17. PLASMA GASIFIER
 Gasifier is the central component of
the plasma gasification process.
 The gasifier equipped with its
components plasma torches, air or
oxygen as ionized gas and feedstock.
 The plasma arc converts organic
waste into synthetic gas and
inorganic material into vitrified slag.
 The gasifier is maintained under
negative pressure about -5mm due
to minor air in leakage.
 The inside of vessel lined with
refractory and sealed with stainless
steel.
 The chemical reactions take place
are
C + H2O CO + H2
C + CO2 2CO
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18. ThePlasma Torch
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19. Energy available after Plasma
gasification
Sl No Types Of Waste Input Power Syn Gas
Produced in
(m3/hour)
Power Output
Per Tons
1 Hazardous Waste 10 KW 51 1 MW
2 Biomedical Waste 20 KW 87 1.6 MW
3 Oil Sludge 32 KW 126 2.2 MW
4 Tires 20 KW 97 1.8 MW
5 Plastics 30 KW 118 2.1 MW
6 MSW(20% moisture) 35 KW 65 0.7 MW
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20. Process Electricity
production
(kWh/ton)
Plasma
advantage
Incineration 544 50%
Pyrolysis 571 40%
Conventional
Gasification
685 20%
Plasma arc
Gasification
816 -
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21. • Plasma gasification holds a potential to add to the
supply of renewable energy resource in these times
of uncertain energy supplies
• Any material can be processed in plasma arc
system. To achieve a favorable energy balance the
volume of inorganic should be minimized.
• There is no emission of harmful greenhouse gases.
Concentrations of dioxins are very low as compared
to incineration due to high temperature.
• Plasma gasification technology has a high operating
cost and capital cost due to high electrical power
requirement
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22. Future work
Economic analysis of different process and suitability for
optimum conversion of SWM to energy.
Software Implementation of Plasma Gasifier For conversion of
waste to energy.
Innovative Method for waste management in Bhubaneswar
and Cuttack .
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23. REFERENCES
[1].A. BOSMANS AND L. HELSEN, “Energy from waste : review of
thermochemical technologies for refuse derived Fuel(RDF),” Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke University Leuven,
Celestijnenlaan.Third International Symposium on Energy fromBiomass
and Waste, Venice, Italy; 8-11 November 2010.
[2].Bridgewater A. V “Renewable fuels and chemicals by thermal
processing of biomass,”Chemical Engineering Journal 91: 87-102.(2003)
[3]. Ministry of Urban Development Government of India “Advisory
On Improving Municipal Solid Waste Management Services”
CPHEEO,2013.
[4].Hani H. Sait, Ahmad Hussain, Arshad Adam Salema, FaridNasirAni.
“Pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of date palm biomass usingthermo
gravimetric analysis,”Elsevier Ltd, 2012.
[5].Anyaegbunam F. N. C. “Sustainable Power Generation by Plasma
Physics” American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN : 2320-
0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-02, Issue-08, pp-65-75 ,2013.
[6]. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission “Toolkit for Solid Waste
Management”2012.
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