Sida acuta is a shrub indigenous to pantropical areas, widely distributed in regions and found in pastures, waste lands, cultivated lands, roadsides, lawns and planted forests. Sida acuta is ethanomedically used as treatment of diuretic, asthma, fever, headache, cough, cold, ulcer, anthelmintic, snake bite, urinary disease, female disorders, sedative, eczema, kidney stone, elephantiasis, testicular swelling, poultice for dandruff, rheumatic affections, facial paralysis, pulmonary tuberculosis and gonorrheae. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannin, saponin, flavonoid, terpenoids, cardio glycoside, vitamin composition and minerals composition was calcium, magnesium, zinc, steroids, phenolic compounds, sesquiterpene, alkaloid cryptolepine, quindoline, quindolinone and fixed oil. The hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida acuta was for its antihistaminic studies by using guinea pig ileum and tracheae. The percentage inhibition of hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida acuta (100µg/ml) on histamine induced contraction showed 60.6% in comparision with chlorpheniramine (1µg/ml) 69.69%. The present research study draws the conclusion that hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida acuta showed moderate antihistaminic effect which may be due the combined nature phytoconstituents.

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IJPCR |Volume 2 | Issue 1 | Jan – Jun- 2018
www.ijpcr.net
Research article Clinical research
In vitro Antihistaminic Activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida acuta
Burm
Krishnaveni A*1
, Ezhilarasan B1
, Iyappan1
A, Abdul Hasan Sathali A2
*1
Asst.Prof, 1
II M. Pharm, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madurai Medical
College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.
2
Principal, College of Pharmacy, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.
*
Address for correspondence: Krishnaveni A
E-mail: akrishnaveni72@rediffmail.com
ABSTRACT
Sida acuta is a shrub indigenous to pantropical areas, widely distributed in regions and found in pastures, waste lands,
cultivated lands, roadsides, lawns and planted forests. Sida acuta is ethanomedically used as treatment of diuretic,
asthma, fever, headache, cough, cold, ulcer, anthelmintic, snake bite, urinary disease, female disorders, sedative,
eczema, kidney stone, elephantiasis, testicular swelling, poultice for dandruff, rheumatic affections, facial paralysis,
pulmonary tuberculosis and gonorrheae. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannin, saponin,
flavonoid, terpenoids, cardio glycoside, vitamin composition and minerals composition was calcium, magnesium,
zinc, steroids, phenolic compounds, sesquiterpene, alkaloid cryptolepine, quindoline, quindolinone and fixed oil. The
hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida acuta was for its antihistaminic studies by using guinea pig ileum and tracheae. The
percentage inhibition of hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida acuta (100µg/ml) on histamine induced contraction showed
60.6% in comparision with chlorpheniramine (1µg/ml) 69.69%. The present research study draws the conclusion that
hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida acuta showed moderate antihistaminic effect which may be due the combined nature
phytoconstituents.
Keywords: Chlorpheniramine maleate, Histamine, Malvaceae, Sida acuta
INTRODUCTION
Sida acuta is shrub indigenous to pantropical
areas, weed is frequently found in pastures, waste
lands, cultivated lands, roadsides, lawns and
planted forests.
Sida acuta used in ayurvedic preparation as
diuretic, sedative, abortifacient for the treatment of,
asthma, fever, headache, cough, cold, ulcer,
anthelmintic, snake bite, urinary disease, female
disorders, [1] eczema, kidney stone, elephantiasis,
testicular swelling, poultice for dandruff ,
rheumatic affections, azoospermia, oligospermia,
spermatorrhea, leucorrhoea, wounds, sciatica,
nervous and heart disease, facial paralysis,
pulmonary tuberculosis, gonorrheae [2-5].
The literature survey of the plant revealed the
presence of tannin, saponin, flavonoid, terpenoids,
cardio glycoside, vitamin composition was
thiamine, niacin, ascorbic acid, tocopherol,
riboflavin and mineral composition was calcium,
magnesium , zinc, steroids (ecdysterone, β-
International Journal of Pharmacology and
Clinical Research (IJPCR)
ISSN: 2521-2206

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sistosterol, ampesterol), phenolic compounds
(evofolin-A and B, scopoletin, loliolid and 4-
ketopinoresinol, polyphenol, sesquiterpene7
,
alkaloid cryptolepine, quindoline and quindolinone
and fixed oil [6-9].
The plant exhibited various pharmacological
activities such as antibacterial [10], antimicrobial
[11], larvicidal and repellent [12], gastric anti-ulcer
[13], insecticidal [14], hypoglycemic [15], anti-
pyretic [16], anthelmintic [17], antioxidant and
thrombolytic [18], electrolytes and organ function
parameters [19], diuretic and anti-urolithiatic [20],
invitro stability and aggregatory [21], anti –
inflammatory [22], alpha amylase Inhibitory [23],
hepataprotective [24], calcium oxalate crystal
growth inhibitory [25], corrosion inhibitory [26],
antiplasmodial [27], analgesis [28], anti-venom
[29], anti-malarial [30], anti-ulcer [31], wound
healing [32], cytototoxicity [33], cardiovascular
[34], antifungal [35], anticancer [36].
The modern medicine causes chronic trouble
sleeping, constipation, dry mouth, drowsiness,
confused, depression and nervous so this study was
aspire to investigate invitro antihistaminic effect
for this plant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant collection & authentication
Fresh leaf of Sida acuta Burm were collected
from the komanampatty village Dindigul (Dist),
(Tamil Nadu) during the month of August-2017
was authenticated by DR. D.Stephen, M.Sc., Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor, Department of Botany,
American College, Madurai-20. The herbarium of
this specimen was kept in the department for
further references
PREPARATION OF HYDRO-
ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SIDA
ACUTA BURM. (HAESA)
Procedure
The shade dried and coarsely powdered leaf of
Sida acuta Burm. (Leaf) was defatted with
petroleum ether (60-80˚c). The residue was dried
and extracted with hydro-alcohol (70%) by
maceration until the complete extract of the
material and filtered. The extract was concentrated
under reduced pressure to obtain a solid residue
(dark brown).
IN VITRO ANTI-HISTAMINIC
ACTIVITY
Determination of anti-histaminic activity of
HAESA
The guinea pigs procured from the animal
house, K.M. College of Pharmacy, Madurai. The
animals were treated with animal feed and water
exposed to 12h dark and light. The study was
approved as per CPCSEA guidelines and was given
ethical clearance by the college ethical committee
no KMCP/17/18 dated 11/03/18.
Hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida acuta was
subjected to in-vitro antioxidant studies. It includes
guinea pig ileum and guinea pig tracheal method.
GUINEA PIG ILEUM AND TRACHEA
PREPARATION
The guinea pig ileum and trachea were prepared
and hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida acuta were
administered as per (Kulkarni 2003 and Goyal
2007) [37-38]
PROCEDURE
Guinea pigs of either sex (1 to 1.5 kg), starved
overnight but allowed free access to water, were
used .The animals were killed by a blow on the
head and were emarginated. A segment of the
guinea pig ileum (approximately 2cm long),
removed from a freshly killed animal, was tied with
a thread to the top and bottom ends without closing
the lumens. It was suspended in the same way in a
30 ml organ bath containing tyrode and krebs
solution separately for guinea pig ileum and trachea
respectively maintained at 37 ± 1°C and gassed
with air .A tension of 0.5 g was applied and the
tissue was allowed to equilibrate for the period of
30 min before adding any extract or drugs to the
organ bath. Contractile responses were established
for histamine and concentrations were recorded
depending on the responses due to 10 μg/ml
histamine using writing lever. The effects of the
500, and 1000μg/ml hydro alcoholic extract of Sida
acuta on the histamine-induce contraction were
investigated. Contact times of 30 s and 5 min time

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cycle were maintained for proper recording of the
responses.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Group 1 received normal saline and
Histamine10μg/ml
Group 2 received Histamine 10µg/ml and Hydro
alcoholic extract of Sida acuta 500µg/ml
Group 3 Histamine 10µg/ml and Hydro-alcoholic
extract of Sida acuta 1000µg/ml
Group 4 Histamine 10µg/ml and Chlorpheniramine
mealete 10µg/ml
The results are tabulated in Table: 1 and 2 and
displayed in Figure: 1,2,3,4,5,and 6
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Determination of antihistaminic activity of
hydro alcoholic extract of Sida Acuta burm
(leaves) (HAESA) by guinea pig ileum
The antihistaminic effect determined for the
hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida acuta Burm as per
(Kulkarni 2003 and Goyal 2007) [37-38]
Figure: 1 DRC of histamine in guinea pig ileum
Figure: 2 Effect of the chlorpheniramine maleate against histamine on guinea pig ileum. (HAESA)
Figure: 3 Effect of the hydro alcoholic extract of Sida acuta against Histamine on guinea pig ileum. (HAESA)
Height(mm)
Histamine (10µg/ml)
Histamine (10µg/ml) (0.1 ml) + Chlorpheniramine maleate (10µg/ml)
Height(mm)Height(mm)
Histamine (10µg/ml) (0.1ml) + HAESA (1000µg/ml)

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Table: 1 Effect of the hydro alcoholic extract of Sida acuta against Histamine on guinea pig ileum. (HAESA)
S.no Treatment Dose(10µg/ml) Height
response
(h)(mm)
Control
height (H)
(mm)
Percentage Inhibition of
response due to test drug.
(H-h/H×100)
1
Histamine
0.1 ml 33mm
33mm
---------
0.4 ml 42mm
0.6 ml 49mm
0.8 ml 50mm
1.0 ml 48mm
1.2 ml 48mm
2 HAESA (1000µg/ml)
+Histamine
0.1ml+0.1ml 38mm ---------- -0.15%
0.4ml+0.1ml 28mm 15.15%
0.8ml+0.1ml 27mm 18.18%
1.2ml+0.1ml 20mm 39.39%
Chlorpheniramine
mealeate (10µg/ml)
+Histamine
0.1ml+0.1ml 14mm
57.57%
0.2ml+0.1ml
30mm 19.0%
0.4ml+.1ml 18mm 45.45%
0.6ml+1ml 35mm -6.06%
0.8 ml+0.1ml 28mm 15.15%
DETERMINATION OF ANTIHISTAMINIC ACTIVITY OF HYDRO ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT
OF SIDA ACUTA BURM (LEAVES) (HAESA) BY USING GUINEA PIG TRACHEA
The antihistaminic effect determined for the hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida acuta Burm as per (Kulkarni
2003 and Goyal 2007)
Figure: 4 DRC of histamine in guinea pig trachea
Figure: 5 Effect of the Chlorpheniramine maleate against Histamine on guinea pig trachea. (HAESA)
Histamine (10µg/ml)
HeightmmHeightmm
Histamine (10µg/ml) + Chlorpheniramine maleate

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Figure: 6 Effect of the Hydro alcoholic extract of Sida acuta against Histamine on guinea pig trachea.
(HAESA)
Table: 2 Effect of the Hydro alcoholic extract of Sida acuta against Histamine on guinea pig ileum. (HAESA)
S.no Treatment Dose(10µg/ml) Height
response
(h)(mm)
Control
height (H)
(mm)
Percentage Inhibition of
response due to test drug.
(H-h/H×100)
1
Histamine
0.1ml 33mm
33mm
---------
0.4 ml 42mm
0.6 ml 49mm
0.8 ml 50mm
1.0 ml 48mm
1.2 ml 48mm
2 HAESA (1000µg/ml)
+Histamine
0.1ml+0.1ml 13mm ---------- 60.6%
0.2ml+0.1ml 11mm 66.67%
0.4ml+0.1ml 11mm 66.67%
1.6ml+0.1ml 10mm 69.69%
Chlorpheniramine
mealeate (10µg/ml)
+Histamine
0.1ml+0.1ml 11mm 66.67%
0.2+0.1ml
10mm 69.69%
0.4+0.1ml 9mm 72.72%
0.6+0.1ml 12mm 63.63%
0.8+0.1ml 11mm 66.67
The percentage inhibition of Hydro-alcoholic
extract of Sida acuta (100µg/ml) on histamine
induced contraction showed was found to be 60.6%
in comparision with chlorpheniramine (1µg/ml)
69.69%. Therefore the hydro alcoholic extract
showed comparable anti histaminic effect with that
of chlorpheniramine maleate.
CONCLUSION
The present research draws the conclusion that
hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida acuta plant showed
moderate antihistaminic effect, which may be due
to the combined nature phytoconstituents.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are grateful to our respected Dean. Dr. D.
MARUDHUPANDIAN, M.S., FICS., FAIS,
Madurai Medical College, Madurai, for providing
these research facilities to carry out this work.
Histamine (10µg/ml) + HAESA (1000µg/ml)
Heightmm

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